SOLUTIONS & SOLUTIONS & SOLUBILITIESSOLUBILITIES

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TERMSTERMS

• Solution:Solution: a homogeneous mixture containing a homogeneous mixture containing particles the size of a typical ion or covalent particles the size of a typical ion or covalent molecule. (0.1–2.0 nm in diameter)molecule. (0.1–2.0 nm in diameter)

• Colloid:Colloid: a homogeneous mixture containing a homogeneous mixture containing particles with diameters in the range 2–500 nmparticles with diameters in the range 2–500 nm

• SuspensionsSuspensions are mixtures with even larger are mixtures with even larger particles, but they are not considered true particles, but they are not considered true solutions because they separate upon standing.solutions because they separate upon standing.

• Solute:Solute: the dissolved substance in a solution the dissolved substance in a solution• Solvent:Solvent: the major component in a solution the major component in a solution

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• A solution is A solution is saturatedsaturated when no when no additional solute can be dissolved at a additional solute can be dissolved at a particular temperature particular temperature

• A A Supersaturated Supersaturated solution can form solution can form when more than the equilibrium amount when more than the equilibrium amount of solute is dissolved at an elevated of solute is dissolved at an elevated temperature, and then the temperature, and then the supersaturated solution is slowly cooled.supersaturated solution is slowly cooled.

• An An UnsaturatedUnsaturated solution is formed solution is formed when more of the solute can dissolve in when more of the solute can dissolve in it at a particular temperature.it at a particular temperature.

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KINDS OF SOLUTIONSKINDS OF SOLUTIONS

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SOLUBILITYSOLUBILITY• The amount of solute per unit solvent The amount of solute per unit solvent

required to form a saturated solution is required to form a saturated solution is called the solute's called the solute's Solubility.Solubility.

• When two liquids are completely soluble When two liquids are completely soluble in each other they are said to be in each other they are said to be MiscibleMiscible..

• Solubility is effected by Temperature. Solubility is effected by Temperature. With increase in temperature solubility With increase in temperature solubility of most of the substances increases.of most of the substances increases.

• Most gases become less soluble in Most gases become less soluble in water as the temperature increases.water as the temperature increases.

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SOLUBILITY GRAPH OF SALTS IN SOLUBILITY GRAPH OF SALTS IN WATERWATER

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SOLUBILITY GRAPH OF GASES IN SOLUBILITY GRAPH OF GASES IN WATERWATER

Pressure has little effect on the solubility of liquids and solids. The solubility of gases is strongly influenced by pressure. Gases dissolve more at high pressure.

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SOLUBILITY OF COMMON IONS IN WATERSOLUBILITY OF COMMON IONS IN WATER

SOLUTION AND SOLUBILITIESSOLUTION AND SOLUBILITIES 1010

DISSOLUTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN DISSOLUTION OF SODIUM CHLORIDE IN WATERWATER

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