soliton storage internship master : town graham stage 2002-2003 mercier clotilde 2 nd year - option...
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SOLITON STORAGE
Internship master : TOWN Graham
Stage 2002-2003
MERCIER Clotilde
2nd year - Option Physique
46, allée d’Italie
69364 Lyon Cedex 07
FRANCE
43, Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918
69622 Villeurbanne Cedex
FRANCE
Electronic Department
North Ryde NSW 2109
Sydney
AUSTRALIA
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Introduction : Internship presentation
Solitons : - advantages
- Problems
Dispersion details
Recirculating fiber loop : - Circuit
- Explanations about our choices
- Methods
Fiber Splicing : - Definition
- Realisation
- Problems
- Splice loss determination
Conclusion / Aim
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Introduction : Internship presentation
• Optic data packets transmission in network
• Solitons are the natural way to transmit data in non-linear and dispersive optical fiber systems
Necessity to have enough solitons
Soliton storage by mean of recirculating loop
Rerouting or bit rat Conversion
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Problems which can happen with solitons during signal Problems which can happen with solitons during signal propagation in optical fiber loop :propagation in optical fiber loop :
• Long distance transmission systems : deterioration of signals due to :
- dispersion
- Non-linear effects
- Noise added by amplification each round-trip
Solitons
AdvantagesAdvantages :
Soliton refers to special kinds of waves that can propagate undistorted over long distances and remain unaffected after collision with each other
• Gain control can be difficult in recirculating loop
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To limit dispersion during the recirculating in the loop, we use DCM (dispersion compensation) fiber
With the length of DCF available : define length of SMF-28 fiber with the equation :
Solitons (continuation)
LSMF. DSMF + LDCF.DDCF = 0
Thus we can define all the fiber we need (type, length…)
Dispersion details
Where :
L is the fiber length
D is the dispersion
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Recirculating fiber loop
SMF-28 (1)
SMF-28 (2)
SMF-28 (3)
SMF-28 (4) SMF-28 (5) SMF-28 (6)
DCM-20
DCM-40
50:50 Coupler
Band-Pass filter (1.525-1.556 .10-6m)
EDFA AOM (1205-C/1206-C)
CircuitCircuit
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Recirculating fiber loop topology (continuation)
• 8 spools : allow to separate SMF (single mode fiber) section in the middle
Optimum position for injection of transform-limited pulse into the fiber loop, as a minimum chirp point appears there
Explanations about our choicesExplanations about our choices
• DCF (Dispersion-compensation fiber): minimise the non-linear effects
• Band-Pass Filter : to remove the spontaneous emission noise and to cause pulse attenuation and to reduce non-linear effects before the SMF
• AOM : placed before the EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) to reduce the chance of saturation
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MethodsMethods
• Inject or couple in short bursts of optical pulses (1 Gb/s) from an externally modulated laser into the ring
• Monitor the evolution as a function of input power, sequence duration, storage time, loop gain
Recirculating fiber loop topology (continuation)
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Splice : connection between two optical fibers
Use of Fusion Splicer S175
ProblemsProblems :No program done for DCM-DCM splices
No program done for DCM-SMF splicesFind or create one
DCM-DCM splices : modification of one program parameters
DCM-SMF splices : use another apparatus
Fiber splicing
Definition :Definition :
Realisation :Realisation :
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Splice loss determination :Splice loss determination :
Fiber splicing (continuation)
Making a splice, Fusion Splicer S175 indicates the loss in dB
Impossible to define precise parameters on the Fusion Splicer S175 for making a particular splice ( for instance, SMF-28/SMF-28), it depends how we cleave the fiber
To determine the splice loss there are two anothers methods which are more precised than with the Fusion Splicer S175 :
• With an OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometer) : launch a short and high power optical impulse into the fiber and a consequent detection of back scattered optical power as a response of the fiber
• Cut back method of splice loss measurement
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Conclusion/Aim
• Study and solve some problems associated with data storage ring
• Comparison of the results to the performance of the storage ring without the additional control mechanisms
• Hope :
Improving the time for which the pulse groups may be stored before recovery without errors from noise
• Use of storage ring in future projects requiring moderate term optical storage of very high bandwidth signals