SOLAR VEHICLE.

PRESENTED BY:-

KOKILA PATEL - 17

MAYUR THAKRE – 52

VARUN LAMBA – 27

SHANTANU BHOPLE – 31

GAURAV JADHAV – 57

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS A SOLAR VEHICLE ?

A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered completely or significantly by direct solar

energy. Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar panels convert the sun’s energy

directly into electric energy. The term "solar vehicle" usually implies that solar energy is used

to power all or part of a vehicle's propulsion. Solar power may be also used to provide power

for communications or controls or other auxiliary functions.

Solar vehicles are not sold as practical day-to-day transportation devices at present, but are

primarily demonstration vehicles and engineering exercises, often sponsored by government

agencies. However, indirectly solar-charged vehicles are widespread and solar boats are

available commercially.

SOLAR CAR

Solar cars depend on PV cells to convert sunlight into electricity to drive electric motors. Unlike

solar thermal energy which converts solar energy to heat, PV cells directly convert sunlight into

electricity. EXAMPLE -Ned, constructed in 1999 by the South Australian Solar Car

Consortium, can speed up to 120 km/h.

The design of a solar car is severely limited by the amount of energy input into the car. Solar cars

are built for solar car races. Even the best solar cells can only collect limited power and energy

over the area of a car's surface. This limits solar cars to a single seat, with no cargo capacity, and

ultra light composite bodies to save weight. Solar cars lack the safety and convenience features of

conventional vehicles.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Electric vehicle conversion and Aftermarket kit The Venturi Astrolab in 2006 was hailed as the world's first

commercial electro-solar hybrid car, and it was originally due to be released in January 2008. Toyota Prius uses solar

cells to generate up to 240 watts of electrical power in full sunshine. This is reported as permitting up to 15 km

extra range on a sunny summer day while using only the electric motors.

Features – Power mode , Economy mode , PWR mode.

Aerodynamic shape and design .

Extra Solar panel can be added on the roof.

It has a Solar panel and electric battery , the solar panel converts the sunlight directly into electric energy and

charges up the car . The car also has a CNG and a Petrol/ Diesel tank . The car run on electrical energy from 0-40

kms . Then it runs on CNG gas from 40-60 Kms . Then from 60-240 kms it runs on either petrol or Diesel. An

unconfirmed report in January 2009 stated that Toyota is working on an all-solar vehicle.

SINGLE-TRACK VEHICLES

A solar bicycle or tricycle has the advantage of very low weight and can use the

riders foot power to supplement the power generated by the solar panel roof. In

this way, a comparatively simple and inexpensive vehicle can be driven without the

use of any fossil fuels .

Example:-Solar photovoltaics helped power India's first Quadricycle developed

since 1996 in Gujarat state's Surat city.

SOLAR SHIPS

The race to go green is on in the shipping industry. Not only is the price of oil soaring, but

more and more stress is being put on the shipping industry to decrease its carbon emissions and its

harmful affects on the global environment. This has led shipping companies to turn to sources of

a renewable energy to power their vessels. Two Japanese companies have taken the initiative to

tackle this important issue saying that they plan to begin work on the first ships to have propulsion

engines partially powered by solar energy.

Example :-`Tûranor Planet Solar Europe’ Ship is fully using the sun as a source of energy.

Sunlight on the 825-some solar panels installed on its wings extended, which can generate electricity

up to 93.5 kilowatts. Lithium-ion batteries in both the float to move the ship at night and enough to

pass through three full days without sunlight. A computer controls the flow of energy into the

batteries and motors that drive the propellers 1.8 meters long yacht.

SOLAR POWERED SPACECRAFT

Solar energy is often used to supply power for satellites and spacecraft operating

in the inner solar system since it can supply energy for a long time without excess

fuel mass. A Communications satellite contains multiple radio transmitters which

operate continually during its life. It would be uneconomic to operate such a vehicle

(which may be on-orbit for years) from primary batteries or fuel cells, and refueling

in orbit is not practical. Solar power is not generally used to adjust the satellite's

position, however, and the useful life of a communications satellite will be limited by

the on-board station-keeping fuel supply.

A few spacecraft operating within the orbit of Mars have used solar power as an

energy source for their propulsion system. All current solar powered spacecraft use solar

panels in conjunction with electric propulsion, typically ion drives as this gives a very high

exhaust velocity, and reduces the propellant over that of a rocket by more than a factor

of ten. Since propellant is usually the biggest mass on many spacecraft, this reduces

launch costs. Other proposals for solar spacecraft include solar thermal heating of

propellant, typically hydrogen or sometimes water is proposed. An electrodynamic tether

can be used to change a satellite's orientation or adjust its orbit.

ELECTRIC AIRCRAFT

An electric aircraft is an aircraft that runs on electric motors rather than

internal combustion engines, with electricity coming from fuel cells, solar

cells, ultracapacitors, power beaming, and/or batteries. Currently flying electric

aircraft are mostly experimental demonstrators, including manned and unmanned

aerial vehicles. Electrically powered model aircraft have been flown since the

1970s, with one report in 1957.

EXAMPLE:-

HELIOS project was a part of NASA's ERAST programme (Environmental Research Aircraft

and Sensor Technology). It was developed by NASA and Californian company AeroVironment Inc.

ERAST programme develops pilotless solar powered airplane technology. The HELIOS

construction is based upon its predecessors like NASA's solar plane Pathfinder, which was

successfully tested a few years prior to HELIOS. Due to its speed HELIOS was able to flew over

the same spot for days or weeks, therefore, in the future such aircrafts could substitute

communication satellites. In the test flight on 13th August 2001, HELIOS reached the height of

almost 30,000 meters. HELIOS was a slow airplane - if you ride a bicycle fast, you are quicker than

HELIOS. It was a remotely controlled plane with no crew weighting less than most cars.

However, it flew higher than any other plane powered solely by solar energy.

LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES

Solar cars don’t have speed or power that regular cars have.

Solar powered cars can operate only for limited distances where there is no sun.

If it is dark out for many days, the car battery will not charge and you this can

seem as a problem to many problem. This is the main reason why people don’t

rely on solar cars.

A good solar powered car is expensive. It will cost $200,000 or more.

Parts used in solar cars are not produced in large quantity so they are expensive

THANK YOU

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