Solar Powered Led Street Light with Auto Intensity Control:

M.L.V. Textile & Engineering. College , Bhilwara

SAMINAR onSolar Powered Led Street Light with Auto Intensity Control Submitted to:- Seminar Incharge:- Submitted by:- MR. RITESH SARASWAT ANNAPURNA CHOUBEY KANHAIYA LAL DIDWANIA (H.O.D of ECE Department) (13EMBEC031)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING M.L.V.T.E.COLLEGE,BHILWARA (RAJ).

Solar Powered Led Street Light with Auto Intensity Control

IntroductionHardware specificationSoftware specificationCircuit diagramWorkingAdvantageDisadvantageApplicationFeatureConclusionFuture scope

CANTENTS

Solar energy is nothing but the radiant energy emitted by sun. We may convert this solar energy into electricity either directly using photo voltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP) with the help of lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight.

This solar energy is mainly useful in solar street lights, auto solar irrigation system, traffic junction signal lighting etc.

Introduction

Photovoltaic panels are used for charging batteries by converting the sunlight into electricity. A charge controller circuit is used to control the charging.

Intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak hours. The street lights switch ON at the dusk and then switch OFF at the dawn automatically. The process repeats every day.

Controller Solar panelVoltage regulatorMOSFET White ledRechargeable batteryPole

Hardware specification

Block Diagram

working This system is mainly designed for LED based street lights with auto intensity control. This is done using solar power from photovoltaic cells. Due to the many benefits of using solar energy, many institutions are opting to make use of solar energy. For converting the sunlight to electricity, photovoltaic panels are used for charging the batteries. In order to control charging, charge controller is used.Intensity of street lights is required to be kept high during the peak hours. As the traffic on the roads tends to decrease slowly in late nights, the intensity can be reduced progressively till morning to save energy. Thus, the street lights switch ON at the dusk and then switch OFF at the dawn automatically. The process repeats every day.High Intensity Discharge lamps (HID) used for urban street light are based on principle of gas discharge, thus the intensity is not controllable by any voltage reduction method as the discharge path is broken. LED lights are the future of lighting, because of their low energy consumption and long life they are fast replacing conventional lights world over. White Light Emitting Diode (LED) can replace the HID lamps where intensity control is possible by pulse width modulation. The intensity control helps in saving energy during late nights while traffic density on the streets is low.

Controller is also very important for solar street light.A controller will usually decide to switch on /off charging and lighting. Some modern controllers are programmable so that user can decide the appropriate chance of charging, lighting and dimming.Controller

CPUGeneral-Purpose Micro-processor

RAM

ROM

I/O Port

Timer

Serial COM Port

Data BusAddress BusGeneral-Purpose Microprocessor SystemMicroprocessors:CPU for ComputersNo RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itselfExampleIntels x86, Motorolas 680x0Many chips on mothers boardGeneral-purpose microprocessor

RAM

ROM

I/O Port

Timer

Serial COM PortMicrocontroller

CPUA smaller computerOn-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports...ExampleMotorolas 6811, Intels 8051, Zilogs Z8 and PIC 16X

A single chip

Microcontroller :

Microprocessor CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separatedesigner can decide on the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports.expansiveversatility general-purpose

MicrocontrollerCPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chipfix amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O portsfor applications in which cost, power and space are criticalsingle-purposeMicroprocessor vs. Microcontroller

8051 Serial Microcontroller8051 is a single chip microcontroller which is used for taking input from any device or giving output to any device.

It is 8 bit microcontrollerFour port Total content 40 pins 32 input /output pin

Pin Description of the 8051

1234567891011121314151617181920

4039383736353433323130292827262524232221P1.0P1.1P1.2P1.3P1.4P1.5P1.6P1.7RST(RXD)P3.0(TXD)P3.1(T0)P3.4(T1)P3.5XTAL2XTAL1GND(INT0)P3.2

(INT1)P3.3

(RD)P3.7

(WR)P3.6

VccP0.0(AD0)P0.1(AD1)P0.2(AD2)P0.3(AD3)P0.4(AD4)P0.5(AD5)P0.6(AD6)P0.7(AD7)

EA/VPP

ALE/PROG

PSENP2.7(A15)P2.6(A14)P2.5(A13)P2.4(A12)P2.3(A11)P2.2(A10)P2.1(A9)P2.0(A8) 8051

Embedded system means the processor is embedded into that application.An embedded product uses a microprocessor or microcontroller to do one task only.In an embedded system, there is only one application software that is typically burned into ROM.Exampleprinter, keyboard, video game playerEmbedded system

Solar panel is one of the most important parts of solar street lights, as solar panel will convert solar energy into electricity.

Solar Panel

There Are 2 Types Of Solar Panel:

Mono-crystallinePoly-crystalline.

Conversion rate of mono-crystalline solar panel is much higher than poly-crystalline.

Voltage regulatorAvoltage regulatoris designed to automatically maintain a constantvoltagelevel. Avoltage regulatormay be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include negative feedback control loops. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or electronic components.

MOSFETThemetaloxidesemiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET,MOS-FET, orMOS FET) is a type offield-effect transistor(FET). It has an insulated gate, whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device.

MOSFET showing gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (white)

LED stands light emitting diode. It is convert by electrical energy into light. It is a semiconductor device.

White LED

Battery will store the electricity from solar panel during the day and provide energy to the fixture during night.

The life cycle of the battery is very important to the lifetime of the light and the capacity of the battery will affect the backup days of the lights.

Rechargeable Battery

Strong poles are necessary to all street lights, especially to solar street lights as there are components mounted on the top of the pole: fixtures, panels and sometime batteries. And wind resistance should also be taken into consideration when choosing the pole.

Pole

Keil Vision IDEMC Programming Language: Embedded CSoftware specification

Keli vision IDE The Vision IDE combines project management, run-time environment, build facilities, source code editing, and program debugging in a single powerful environment. Vision is easy-to-use and accelerates your embedded software development. Vision supports multiple screens and allows you to create individual window layouts anywhere on the visual surface.

Keil uvision software

MC Programming Language

Circuit Diagram

AdvantagesSolar street lights are independent of the utility grid. Hence, the operation costs are minimized.Solar street lights require much less maintenance compared to conventional street lights. Since external wires are eliminated, risk of accidents is minimized. This is a non-polluting source of electricity. Separate parts of solar system can be easily carried to the remote areas.

Initial investment is higher compared to conventional street lights

Snow or dust, combined with moisture can accumulate on horizontal pv-panels and reduce or even stop energy production.

Rechargeable batteries will need to be replaced several times over the lifetime of the fixtures adding to the total lifetime cost of the light.

The batteries have to be replaced from time to time.Disadvantages

ApplicationThis system is designed for outdoor application in un-electrified remote rural areas. This system is an ideal application for campus and village street lighting. Solar Street Lighting System is an ideal lighting system for Roads, Yards, Residential Colonies, Townships, Corporate Offices, Hospitals, Educational Institutions and Rural Electrification. Street Lighting Pathway Lighting Private Road Lighting Sidewalk Lighting Farm & Ranch Lighting Perimeter Security Lighting Campus Lighting Gate Lighting Park Lighting Wildlife Area Remote Area Lighting Jogging and Bike Path Lighting

Most solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor light using a light source. Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the sun is not available for a couple of days.

Older models included lamps that were not fluorescent or led. Solar lights installed in windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels to better cope with the winds.

Latest designs use wireless technology and fuzzy control theory for battery management. The street lights using this technology can operate as a network with each light having the capability of performing on or off the network.Features

The solar energy is one of the important and major renewable sources of energy and has also proven it useful in functioning of applications like street lights.

The charge control is necessary in order to achieve safety and increase the capacity of the battery. In cities, currently thousands of street lights are operated and the yearly electricity maintenance cost is very high.

The initial cost and maintenance can be the draw backs of this project. With the advances in technology and good resource planning the cost of the project can be cut down and also with the use of good equipment the maintenance can also be reduced in terms of periodic checks.

Conclusion

The Solar Powered LED Streetlight With Auto Intensity Control can control the electric charge and intensity of lights.

This project can be enhanced by using dusk to drawn switch with an advanced technology to overcome the flows of existing timer based products and photo sensor based products.Future Scope

Referenceshttp://www.ijireeice.com/upload/2015/june-15/IJIREEICE%206.pdfhttp://www.kslubiwmp.com/docs/Watershed%20works/SolarStreetLight.pdfhttp://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/india/ahmadabadhttps://www.sparkfun.com/datasheets/Components/DS1307.pdfhttp://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm317.pdf