solar energy – technologies and applications - bsr quick
TRANSCRIPT
Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Tallinn 23 – 24 March 2011
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications Slide: 1
Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
� The aim of the seminar
Overview of possibilities of solar energy use for small and
medium-sized enterprises through the implementation of solar
thermal systems and solar power systems
� Focus areas
- Why should solar energy be used?
- Solar energy supply
- Possibilities of using solar energy
- Examples of technologies and applications
- Costs/funding and benefits
- Customer service
Slide: 2BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
� Contents - Overview
First day (09:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m.)
- Why should solar energy be used? - Implementation possibilities of solar energy- Construction and functions of solar thermal systems- Planning and design- Installation, commissioning and maintenance- Costs and benefits, economic efficiency
Slide: 3
Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
� Contents - Overview
Second day (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.)
- Large solar thermal systems - Photovoltaic market situation- Structure and functions of solar power systems - Costs and benefits- Economic efficiency- Customer service
Third day (9:00 a.m.- 1:30 p.m.) - optional- Excursion to a solar installation
Slide: 4
Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
- Rising energy prices
- Scarce resources of fossil energy
- Risk of energy: nuclear power (radiation, waste)
- Competitiveness
- Compliance with stricter regulations, legislation
- Active against global warming, climate change
- Company image
Slide: 5BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Why should solar energy be used?
Threatened area in the case of Greenland ice melting (Increase by 6-7m; all glaciers +Antarctic: by 60-70m)
Slide: 6BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Why should solar energy be used?
Rising global carbon dioxide emissions
Slide: 7BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Why should solar energy be used?
Durchschnittliche Energiepreissteigerung ca. 7% per anno
Sourc
e:
tecson, u.a
.
about 7.5% / a($150 in August 2008)
about 4.5% / a($45 February 2009)
Slide: 8BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Why should solar energy be used?
Energy costs today - Energy costs tomorrow
Slide: 9
Energy costs increased by 4,7,10, or 15%
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Why should solar energy be used?
� Renewable energies: potentials
Slide: 10BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Why should solar energy be used?
� Solar energy useSolar energy supply– astronomically and meteorologically conditioned variations
Slide: 11BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy Supply
� Solar energy
Solar energy supplyin Europe: Geographical distribution of annual totals (kWh/m2 per annum)
Slide: 12BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy Supply
� Solar energy
Solar energy supplyin Estonia: Geographical distribution of annual totals(kWh/m2 per annum)
Slide: 13
1,000 kWh/m2
correspond to about100 liter heating oil
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy Supply
� Solar energy supply in Estonia(global radiation)
Tallinn 960 kWh/m2 per annum
Tartu 969 kWh/m2 per annum
Vilsandi 1.026 kWh/m2 per annum
Slide: 14BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy Supply
� Solar energy use
- Solar thermal systems (solar thermal installations)Conversion of sunlight into heat (hot water, heating)
-Solar power systems (photovoltaic installations)Conversion of sunlight into electricity (own consumption and / or
Power supply)
Slide: 15BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Possibilities of Using Solar Energy
Slide: 16BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Structure and Function
� Collector designs
Slide: 17BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Components
� Flat collectors
Slide: 18BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Components
� Vaccuum tube collectors
Slide: 19BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Components
� Tank
Slide: 20BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Components
(Wagner & Co., Cölbe)
Slide: 21BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Assembly
(Wagner & Co., Cölbe)
Slide: 22BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Assembly
(Wagner & Co., Cölbe)
Slide: 23BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Assembly
Slide: 24BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Example of Small Installations
Slide: 25BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Example of Medium-Sized Installations
• Flat or tube collector?
Flat collector:
+ good value for money
+ recommended in the case of favourable framework conditions
Tube collector:
+ 30% less space required
+ flat roof: horizontal mounting possible
+ unfavourable orientation (rotation possible)
+ high temperatures
Slide: 26
Solar Heating
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Slide: 27BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Controlling
Slide: 28BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Balance
� Solar Thermal Systems - Planning and interpretation
Interpretation:
60 liter (60㼻C)of hot waterper m² of collector surfaceTank:60 liter per m² of collector surface
Slide: 29BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heat - Dimensioning
Solar hot water preparation:
- Collector surface:
about 1-1.5 m² per person 1)
- Storage capacity:
about 80 liter per person
1) 1m2 for vacuum tube collectors, 1,5m2 for flat collectors
Slide: 30BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heat - Dimensioning
Solar heating support:
- Collector surfaceabout 2-3 m² per person 1)
- Storage capacity:about 50 liter of storage capacity per m² of collector surface 2)
1) 2m2 for vacuum tube collectors
3m2 for flat collectors2) 60 L for flat collectors
80 L for vaccum tube collectors
Slide: 31BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heat - Dimensioning
� Large solar thermal systems
- Residential buildings- Nursing homes- Hospitals- Accommodation facilities (hotels, guest houses)- Camps- Laundries- Car washes- Breweries- Sport facilities- ... Systems with high hot water consumption throughout the year (at least in the summer season)
Slide: 32BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating - Applications
Slide: 33BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Example of Large Systems
Slide: 34BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Example of Large Systems
Slide: 35BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Example of Large Systems
Slide: 36BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Large Systems
• Tank discharge principle in the post-heating storagewith an additional pre-heating storage
21.03.11 BSR QUICK – Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz
� Costs and benefits
Specific investment costs depending on the installation size about 500 - 1.500 € / square meter of collector surface
(Estonia: about 1,500 / per square meter of collector surface)
Specific solar circle yield 350 - 450 kWh/m2Jahr
Energy savings in the total heat demanddepending on installation size and concept
about 10 - 40 %
In solar houses up to 100 %
Slide: 38BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Heating – Costs and Benefits
� Structure and function
Slide: 39
Solar Power
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Slide: 40BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power – Basics
� Structure and function of a solar cell
䞉 Charge separationRecombination
Unused photon
energy
Reflection and
shadowing through
front contacts
Slide: 41BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power – Basics
Slide: 42BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power – Basics
Comparison with thin layer crystalline cells
Slide: 43BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power – Installation Engineering
Slide: 44BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power – Off-Grid Systems
Slide: 45BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power – Grid-connected Installations
PV generator:
in series and parallel-
connected PV-modules
with a mounting frame
(1) Generator junction box
(with protective
equipment)
(2) DC wiring
(3) DC main switch
(4) Inverter
(5) AC wiring
(6) Meter box with circuit
distribution, input and
output meter and service
lines
Slide: 46BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power - Components
� Modular structure
Solar panel
Inverter
Slide: 47BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power - Components
Slide: 48BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power - Assembly
21.03.11 BSR QUICK – Erneuerbare Energien und Energieeffizienz
Slide: 50BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power - Examples
Slide: 51BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power - Examples
Slide: 52BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power - Examples
� Dimensioning
1 kWp brequires approximately 10m2 of space
1 kWp produces about 800 kWh/year
Requirements:
- lack of shade
- azimuth between Southeast and Southwest
Slide: 53BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power
� Costs
1 kWp costs about €2,500 – 3,500
1 kWp produces about 800 kWh/year
In the case of power consumption
coverage > 30%
In the case of power supply compensation (EEG)
Estonia: tax reliefs, loans, green certificates
Slide: 54BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Power
� Development of costs
Solar powerinGermany
Slide: 55
Solar Power
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
� Example 1 CAMPING SITE
Good Examples: Solar Thermal
Places:
400
Collector surface:
30m²
Storage size:
1800 L
Measured savings:
70%
Slide: 56Slide: 56BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
� Example 2 HOTEL
In the course of a complete
renovation of the hotel solar thermal installation was installed to heat water. 51 m2 of
flat collectors heat the total of
4,500 liters of buffer store. Thus
the energy saving of 70% is
achieved annually. With
investment costs of 37,000 € and
funding of 14.700 €, the installation
amortized within 8 years .
Slide: 57Slide: 57BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Good Examples: Solar Thermal
� Example 3 MACHINES AND STEEL COMPANY
Wood chip heating: 100 kW
Solar installations for water heating
and heating support,
Collector surface: 80 m2
Average solar circle yield:
381 kWh / m2 per annum
Buffer storage: 5,900 l
Thus potential CO2-reduction:
9.436 kg / year
Slide: 58Slide: 58BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Good Examples: Solar Thermal
� Example 4 HOUSING ECONOMICS
'The Settlement Garden City of
Farmsen' was converted into a
'solar village'. By the end of 2009
approximately 1,100 homes
received support for renewable
heating and hot water. From
approximately 1,200 m² of collector
surface produces annually
approximately 500,000 kWh of
energy. Objective: the development
of solar energy by the year 2014,
approximately 2,000 square meters
of collector surface for 1,825 houses
(71.5% of housing stock).
Slide: 59Slide: 59BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Good Examples: Solar Thermal
� Example 5 Photovoltaics - INDUSTRY
Fronius deals since 1992 with
solar electronics, in particular
with the
Development and production
of photovoltaic inverters for
grid coupled and autonomous
power supply sources.
Currently the largest
photovoltaic solar power plant
in Austria was built on top of
the Fronius company building
in Sattledt / Austria: capacity
604 kWp
Slide: 60Slide: 60BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Good Examples: Solar Power
� Beispiel 6 Photovoltaics - WORKSHOPS
ROST Workshops offer
services in the area of printing,
advertising and fairs.
PV panels on the shed roof
- Installation size:
101 kWp
- Electricity production:
64000 kWh/year
Slide: 61Slide: 61BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Good Examples: Solar Power
� Example 7 Photovoltaik - AGRICULTURE
In total 109 kWp of photovoltaic installations were assembled on
the livestock buildings of the farm.
This installation produces about
92,000 kWh of solar power
annually. With investment costs of
about 200,000 € the investment
will be refinanced within 10 years
through the feed-in compensation
(EEG).
Slide: 62Slide: 62BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Good Examples: Solar Power
� Solar heating and solar power in Estonia
Slide: 63
Oil shale is the most important energy source in Estonia.The share of renewable energy in overall energy consumption in 2008 was 13.5% in Estonia. The organic and wind energy are the primary types here. Solar energy is used in Estonia to a small extent. The first solar projects (e.g. solar thermal systems for the hospital in Vändra, SOS Children's Village in Keila) are implemented for solar heat production. Under the electricity market law the solar power costs are reimbursed (Elektrituruseadus) since 1 July 2010 at the level of 5,37 Cent/kWh.
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy - Market
� EU – Guidelines and support programs
Regulations/decisions:
Renewable energies:Directive 2009/28/ECObjective: Increasing the total number of renewable energies till 2020 to 20%. Incl. National Action Plans (Estonia: from 18 % in 2005 to 25% in 2020 of final energy consumption share).
Slide: 64BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy - Promotion
EU – Funding (direct/indirect)
Applying for a direct EU funding requires significant amount of time and bureaucracy! This applies to direct EU funding programs such as LIFE III, Intelligent energy for Europe, Marco Polo, Leonardo da Vinci. These projects are created on European added value (a consortium with other partners)
More advantageous are the programs in which national/regional EU funds are available indirectly from the Structural and Cohesion Fund. This framework is suitable for SME projects in particular from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Example in Poland: the Sectoral Operational Programme for increasing the competitiveness of companies (7 billion for 2007-2013)
Slide: 65BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy - Promotion
Slide: 66BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
Solar Energy – Customer Service
� Various phases of consultations
1. Becoming acquainted – building bridges
2. Questions – identifying the needs3. Offering solutions – consolidating and negotiating4. Achieving results – completion
� Conclusion
Summary- Facts- Important websites
Feedback - Content?- Presentation?- Have the goals been achieved?- Use for own applications?- What is missing?- Improvement proposals
Slide: 67
Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications
BSR QUICK – Solar Energy – Technologies and Applications