Abdulaziz Baras

4/30/2016

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o Abdulaziz Baras has a Master of Science degree in Material Science and Engineering from King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), class of 2009 the founding and first graduating class.

o He has developed doped ZnO nanowires used to increase solar cells efficiency. Also, he has developed doped ZnO films for spintronic applications.

o In 2011, he joined King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A.CARE), researcher in solar energy.

o He has participated in understanding and implementing the challenges and solutions of solar energy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This includes: renewable resources assessment, dust mitigation, solar standards, solar value chain, national power strategy and establishing solar research facilities. He was selected as one of the top 10 solar pioneers in MENA region.

o Currently he is the deputy leader of the electricity group.

o His dream is to support the world to live in growing and green environment.

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Introduction and Basics of Solar Energy

Solar Energy Economics

Challenges and Opportunities

Saudi Vision 2030

Discussion

Introduction and Basics of Solar

Energy

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Direct irradiation (DNI):

For CSP and CPV.

Diffused irradiation.

Global irradiation(GHI):

For PV

Solar Spectrum

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Pyranometer

Global irradiance.

Shadow devices with pyranometer:

Diffused irradiance.

Pyrheliometer:

Direct irradiance

Satellite / calibrated models could be used as well.

www.meetup.com/arizona-solar-power-society 6

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K.A.CARE launched the solar Atlas website two years ago,

Live data, monthly data, hourly data (charge) and other weather

information

https://rratlas.kacare.gov.sa/RRMMPublicPortal/

Solar Energy

PV

Crystalline Silicon

Thin Film

Multijunction cells (CPV)

CSP

Concentration in a point

Central Tower

Stirling Dish

Concentration in a line

Parabolic Trough

Fresnel Mirrors

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PV Technologies

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PV concept was discovered in the 1839, Mr. Becquerel at age 19.

In 1883, first solar cells was made by Charles Fritts.

Classification: Materials based

Structure type.

Junction multiplicity

Three junction and organic cells show promising roadmap

Note: the difference between cell and module efficiency is ≈3%

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Mono-Crystalline Silicon High cell efficiency 25% Expensive Large energy consumption (1,500 C) Wasted area in the module (white area in the image))

Poly-crystalline is cheaper and 22%

Amorphous Si Produced at low temperature (< 300C) It could be grown on different substrates p-i-n cell: improves mobility It is cheaper but less efficiency Better performance in low light condition Unstable (dangling bond, hot research area) Not common

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Cadmium Telluride (CdTe):

Module efficiency 16%

less susceptible to cell temperature variations.

Copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS)

C, I and G prices are increasing annually by approx. 25%

Materials shortage will limit the CIGS growth.

However, alternative materials are in the R&D

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Features:

↳ Similar to PV, that is , generating DC current.

↳ Different efficiencies up to 30 to 36%

↳ Tracking devices are used whereas PV are mostly fixed.

↳ High DNI is required.

↳ Most companies have bankrupted.

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The battery

is optional.

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Many tools, websites and software simulate PV systems: PVSYST. (charge)

PVWatt

PVJRC, free, easy and very useful

RETScreen

http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/

10 MW PV power plant in Riyadh, 2012.

Factor/ Supplier First Solar

(CdTe) Solar Frontier

(CIGS) Suntech (Si-

poly) Efficiency (STC) 11.15 % 10.1 % 12.39 %

Temperature

losses 8.8% 11.8 % 16.8 %

Energy output

per year (MWh) 19450 18525 17345

(Lowest although the highest %)!

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Abdulaziz Baras

Solar Energy Economics

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Module prices were 70$/W in the 1970s while now are within 50

cents/W

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6$/W

2$/W

100$/W

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Source: IRENA, Rethinking Energy, 2014

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LCOE is the NPV of all the cost of the energy plant / “net present

energy” produced by the plant discounted at the same rate

By definition: Cn = LCOE × Qn

where Qn = energy produced in year n and Cn is the equivalent total

annual cost to produce it

Solving for LCOE:

𝐿𝐶𝑂𝐸 =

𝐶𝑛1 + 𝑑 𝑛

𝑡𝑛=0

𝑄𝑛

1 + 𝑑 𝑛𝑡𝑛=1

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To find the LCOE, we need:

Project costs

Finance costs

Other costs: land, permits, connection if applicable

Amount of solar irradiation

Atlas

Generated energy

PVJRC, PVsyst

Apply LCOE formula

NREL LCOE Calculator

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Challenges and Opportunities

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Power Generation

BIPV

Solar roadways

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Satellite

Remote areas

Street light

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http://www.cleanenergybusinesscounc

il.com/en/map/

Pilots/projects:

KAUST 2 MW rooftop, Farasn 500 KW,

ARAMCO carpark 10 MW, KAPSARC

5.3 MW, system )

Riyadh Munucipility solar street light

CPC-Jeddah: 132 Kw CPV,

decommissioned

Meehan Green CPV plant, NOFA farm,

will be decommissioned

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Soiling: Diffuse light, dust accumulation <5%- 15% reduction per month

Temperature Affects the silicon modules more than thin films See module data sheet

Module Quality IEC 61215, IEC 61646

Gird Connection transmission Grid code for utility scale projects is available Not available for distribution level such as rooftops

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High solar irradiation

Increasing Energy demand

Solar energy is feasible even when oil prices between 35-50$/barrel.

Today is 46$/barrel

Solar tariff is increasing

Solar LCOE is within 20 halala/ kWh, for large scale projects

For small scale double or triple 20 halala

Solar Market price:

1 KW costs 10,000 to 15,000 SAR

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1st of May 2016, Dubai

announced the lowest

bidder for the 850 MW

solar plant is:

2.99 US cent/kWh

• This price is beating even

2025 forecast.

http://www.thenational.ae/business/energy/cos

ts-tumble-as-dubais-mohammed-bin-rashid-al-

maktoum-solar-park-sets-the-mark

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K.A.CARE team

Atlas team

Educational:

http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom

Saudi Arabia Renewable

Resources:

https://rratlas.kacare.gov.sa/RRM

MPublicPortal/

Existing Projects:

http://www.cleanenergybusinesscou

ncil.com/en/map/

Simulation:

http://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/

Market:

IRENA

PV directory:

Photon magazine

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