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Solar ElectricTechnologies

Harin S. Ullal, Ph.D.National Center for Photovoltaics

National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Golden, Colorado

TIE Rockies

April 9, 2009

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Solar Energy — Clean Energy

• No greenhouse gases

• No air pollution

• No acid rain

• No soil, plant, animal damage

• No human respiratory ailments

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The Concept

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Criteria

• Efficiency

• Cost

• Reliability

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Photovoltaic Technologies

• Crystalline Silicon (Mono, Multi)

• Thin Films (a-Si, CIS, CdTe)

• Concentrators (Si, GaAs)

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PV Efficiencies

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Top Ten PV Companies - 2008

No. Name Technology Country Production (MW)

1 Q-Cells Si Germany 570

2 First Solar CdTe USA 504

3 Suntech Si China 498

4 Sharp Si Japan 473

5 Motech Si Taiwan 384

6 Kyocera Si Japan 290

7 BTY Si China 282

8 JA Solar Si China 277

9 SunPower Si USA 237

10 SolarWorld Si Germany 221

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Major Polysilicon Manufactures

• Wacker - Germany

• Hemlock - USA

• MEMC - USA

• REC Silicon - Norway

• Tokuyama - Japan

• Mitsubishi Materials - Japan

• Sumitomo Titanium - Japan

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Concentrator PV Technologies

• Technologies are ready to deliver

• High (200-1000x) and low (2-20x) concentrations

• Systems may require some maintenance, should only be deployed in areas with adequate “direct” solar resource

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Thin Film PV Companies – USA

•a-Si• Uni-Solar – MI

• Applied Materials – CA

• Power Films – IA

• Energy PV – NJ

• MV Systems – CO

• XsunX – CA

• OptiSolar – CA

• Signet Solar – CA

• Nano PV – NJ

• Xunlight – OH

• Proto Flex – CO

• New Solar Ventures – NM

• Solar Thin Films – NJ

• Sencera – NC

•CdTe• First Solar – OH

• Primestar Solar – CO

• AVA Solar – CO

• Calyxo – OH

• Canrom – NY

• Ascentool – CA

• Nuvo Solar Energy – CO

• Zia Watt Solar – TX

• Solexant – CA

• Sunovia Energy – FL

• W&K Solar – OH

• Bloo Solar – CA

• CIS• Global

Solar – AZ

• Miasole – CA

• Energy PV – NJ

• Ascent Solar – CO

• ISET – CA

• Daystar – NY

• Nanosolar – CA

• Heliovolt – TX

• Solo Power – CA

• Solyndra – CA

• RESI – NJ

• Light Solar – NV

• IBM – NY

• JNL Solar – CA

• Telio Solar – CA

• Amelio Solar – CA

•Thin-Si• Innovalight – CA

• Nanogram – CA

• Soltaix – CA

• Crystal Solar – CA

• Parachete Energy – SC

• Ampulse – TN

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Thin Film PV Market Share – USA

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World PV Cell/Module Production –1988-2007 (Megawatts)

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Is There Enough Sunshine toEnergize America?

That’s right! This bright spot covers a circle of Nevada desert about 100 miles across, that if covered with modern PV arrays, would satisfy America’s entire electricity demand.

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Flexible CIGS Modules on Tent

Global Solar

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Thin Film CIGS Facade

Honda

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BIPV and “Special” Product

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1.8 MW – Thin Film CdTe Solar Roof

First Solar / Juwi Solar

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40 MW – Thin Film CdTe Solar Field

First Solar / Juwi Solar

Under Construction

Total Project Price: Euro – 130 MillionPV System Price: Euro – 3.25 / WattsCompletion Date: December 2008

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Thin Film PV Capacity (2009-2012)