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Future Vision for PhotovoltaicsFuture Vision for Photovoltaics
Reactions from Philippe Busquin, MEP,Reactions from Philippe Busquin, MEP,
Member of the Industry, Research and EnergyMember of the Industry, Research and Energy
CommissionCommission
Brussels, 28th September 2004
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PV: Vision 2030PV: Vision 2030
PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics could produce aboutcould produce about 5 % of EU5 % of EU
electricity needselectricity needsby 2030, equivalent to the presentby 2030, equivalent to the presenttotal electricity consumption of Germany and Francetotal electricity consumption of Germany and France
LargeLarge--scale dissemination of PV could providescale dissemination of PV could provide
electricity to more than 100 million households inelectricity to more than 100 million households inDeveloping Countries and helpDeveloping Countries and help eradicate povertyeradicate poverty
GridGrid--connected and standconnected and stand--alone PV systems willalone PV systems will
createcreate eemploymentmployment( several( several hundredhundred thousandsthousands ofofjobs) andjobs) and stimulatestimulate exportsexports
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Policy framework for the Vision
Research policy
Energy policy
Environment policy
Regulatory framework
Recommendations for the future
PV R hPV R h i E
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PV ResearchPV Research in Europeann uropeanpolicypolicy
Photovoltaics needs a specific programme forlong-term Research and technology development
PV European Research Area:,3 Integrated Projects, 5 specific projects, and 2coordinating actions funded in 2003-2004
PV-ERA-NET for closer coordination of PV RTD betweenfor closer coordination of PV RTD between
European and nationalEuropean and national
programmesprogrammes
CreationCreation
of aof a
MirrorMirror
GroupGroupneededneeded
PV Technology Platform: Existing Instruments or
Joint Technology Initiative ?
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EuropeanEuropean EnergyEnergy policypolicy
White Paper 1997: target 3 GW of installed
PV by 2010
Green Paper Towards a European Strategy
for the security of Energy Supply: goal to doubleRenewable Energy production by 2010
Directive on Electricity production from RES:EU25 from 14 to 21 % Renewable electricity by
2010
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European Environment policyEuropean Environment policy
1997 Kyoto protocol: reduction of GHG emissionsbetween 1990 and 2010 (in industrialized countries by
5%, in the EU by 8%) UN Framework Convention for Climate Change required
that industrialized countries reduce greenhouse gas
emissions by a factor 4 Millennium Development Goals (Johannesburg World
Summit 2002): better access to energy for poverty
eradication and sustainable development Creation of the Johannesburg Renewable Energy
Coalition (JREC) composed of 80 countries
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European policies:European policies:
Regulatory frameworkRegulatory frameworkGreat disparity of regulations and incentivesGreat disparity of regulations and incentives
is a major barrier for deploymentis a major barrier for deployment For example:For example:
Good feedGood feed--in tariffsin tariffs (incentives for PV electricity into the grid(incentives for PV electricity into the gridunder various conditions )under various conditions ) in Austria, Germany, Luxemburg andin Austria, Germany, Luxemburg andSpainSpain
Low feedLow feed--in tariffs in Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, thein tariffs in Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, theNetherlands or BelgiumNetherlands or Belgium
Tax incentive or investment subsidies in few countries:Tax incentive or investment subsidies in few countries:Poland, UK, FinlandPoland, UK, Finland
Mixed measures in France, CzechMixed measures in France, Czech RepublikRepublik and Greeceand Greece
No legislation for PV in Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Estonia,No legislation for PV in Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, Estonia,
Malta, SlovakiaMalta, Slovakia
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Recommendations for theRecommendations for the Next phaseNext phase
To launch a European Photovoltaic TechnologyTo launch a European Photovoltaic Technology
PlatformPlatform
To elaborate a common Research Agenda forPhotovoltaics with all the stakeholders including
EU + national policy makers and end-users
To develop harmonised PV support
Do not forget: UN Millennium goals where PVelectricity can contribute to the poverty eradication
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Annex1:Annex1: financial incentives forfinancial incentives for
PV in EUPV in EU2525
AustriaAustria : Feed: Feed--in tariff (max 15in tariff (max 15 MWpMWp, systems installed in 2003, systems installed in 2003--04 )04 )
from 0.47from 0.47 /kWh (< 20/kWh (< 20 kWpkWp) to 0.6) to 0.6 /kWh (> 20/kWh (> 20 kWpkWp))
BelgiumBelgium: Feed: Feed--in tariff = 0.15in tariff = 0.15 /kWh/kWh
CyprusCyprus : Feed: Feed--in tariff = 0.12in tariff = 0.120.260.26 /kWh and investment subsidies up/kWh and investment subsidies up
to 55% for private investors and up to 40% for companiesto 55% for private investors and up to 40% for companiesCzech RepCzech Rep.: Feed.: Feed--in tariff = 0.2in tariff = 0.2 /kWh. Reduced VAT and subsidies/kWh. Reduced VAT and subsidies
(up to 2(up to 2 kWpkWp for private and 20for private and 20 kWpkWp for legal entity investors)for legal entity investors)
DenmarkDenmark : No PV programme; settlement price for green electricity: No PV programme; settlement price for green electricity
EstoniaEstonia : No PV programme; Renewable Portfolio Standard: No PV programme; Renewable Portfolio Standard
FinlandFinland : Investment subsidy up to 40%: Investment subsidy up to 40%
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Annex1:Annex1: financial incentives forfinancial incentives for PVPV
in EUin EU2525FranceFrance : Feed: Feed--in tariff = 0.15in tariff = 0.15 /kWh for 20 years (systems < 1/kWh for 20 years (systems < 1 MW) 0.30MW) 0.30/kWh in Overseas Department and Corsica; 5.5% VAT on investment/kWh in Overseas Department and Corsica; 5.5% VAT on investments ons onexisting buildings, 15% tax credit for individual tax payers (40existing buildings, 15% tax credit for individual tax payers (40% in 2005).% in 2005).
GermanyGermany : Feed: Feed--in tariff years (5% annual decrease from 2005 to2025). Forin tariff years (5% annual decrease from 2005 to2025). Forplants, 6.5% decrease from 2006 (except on buildings or sound baplants, 6.5% decrease from 2006 (except on buildings or sound barriers).rriers).2nd REE injection law approved by the2nd REE injection law approved by the BundesratBundesrat: minimum= 0.457: minimum= 0.457 /kWh;/kWh;buildings and sound barriers : 0.574buildings and sound barriers : 0.574 /kWh (< 30/kWh (< 30 kWpkWp), 0.546), 0.546 /kWh (>/kWh (>3030 kWpkWp) and 0.54) and 0.54 /kWh (> 100/kWh (> 100 kWpkWp), additional bonus of 0.05), additional bonus of 0.05 /kWh for/kWh forfaade integrationfaade integration
GreeceGreece : Feed: Feed--in tariff = 0.078in tariff = 0.078 /kWh on islands and 0.07/kWh on islands and 0.07 /kWh on the/kWh on the
mainland. Grants for 40mainland. Grants for 40--50% of total cost. Holds only for commercial50% of total cost. Holds only for commercialapplications >5applications >5 kW, no grants for domestic applicationskW, no grants for domestic applications
HungaryHungary : yearly fixed not PV: yearly fixed not PV--specific feedspecific feed--in tariff currently = 0.062in tariff currently = 0.062--
0.10.1 /kWh; Subsidies for renewable energy projects/kWh; Subsidies for renewable energy projects
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Annex1:Annex1: financial incentives forfinancial incentives for PVPV
in EUin EU2525IrelandIreland :: Alternative Energy Requirement tender scheme (no targets for PV)Alternative Energy Requirement tender scheme (no targets for PV)
Italy :Italy : investment subsidy, feedinvestment subsidy, feed--in law passed in February 2004.in law passed in February 2004.Regulations and tariffs not defined yet, expected for 2005.Regulations and tariffs not defined yet, expected for 2005.
Latvia:Latvia: FeedFeed--in tariff = double the average sales price (currentlyin tariff = double the average sales price (currently0.1460.146 /kWh) for eight years, then reduction to normal sales price. A/kWh) for eight years, then reduction to normal sales price. Anational investment programme for RES has been running since 200national investment programme for RES has been running since 2002.2.LithuaniaLithuania : Feed: Feed--in tariff = 0.056/kWhin tariff = 0.056/kWh
LuxembourgLuxembourg : Feed: Feed--in tariff for systems < 50in tariff for systems < 50 kWpkWp (quota 1% of total(quota 1% of total
energy consumption) : for municipalities = 0.25energy consumption) : for municipalities = 0.25 /kWh; for private/kWh; for privateinvestors= 0.45investors= 0.45 /kWh (after the revision of the law in January 2004); in/kWh (after the revision of the law in January 2004); inaddition possible investment subsidies up to 40% (reduced for syaddition possible investment subsidies up to 40% (reduced for systemsstems> 10> 10 kWpkWp))
MaltaMalta
: No specific PV programme yet, but VAT 5% instead of 15%: No specific PV programme yet, but VAT 5% instead of 15%
NetherlandsNetherlands : Feed: Feed--in tariff= 0.068in tariff= 0.068 /kWh/kWh
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Annex1:Annex1: financial incentives forfinancial incentives for PVPV
in EUin EU2525Poland :Poland : Tax incentives: no customs duty on PV and reduced VAT (7%)Tax incentives: no customs duty on PV and reduced VAT (7%)for complete PV systems, but 22% for modules and components. Somfor complete PV systems, but 22% for modules and components. Somee
soft loans and subsidies. New law passed in April 2004: tariffssoft loans and subsidies. New law passed in April 2004: tariffs for allfor allrenewable energies have to be approved by the regulator (until nrenewable energies have to be approved by the regulator (until now onlyow onlyfor projects larger than 5for projects larger than 5 MW)MW)
Slovakia :Slovakia : No specific PV programme. Tax deduction on incomeNo specific PV programme. Tax deduction on income
Slovenia :Slovenia : FeedFeed--in tariff=0.37in tariff=0.37 /kWh < 36/kWh < 36 kWpkWp ; 0.065; 0.065 /kWh > 36/kWh > 36 kWpkWp
Spain :Spain : New feedNew feed--in law in March 2004, into effect immediately.in law in March 2004, into effect immediately.0.3960.396 /kWh < 100/kWh < 100 kWpkWp (previously limited to 5(previously limited to 5 kWpkWp systems),; > 100systems),; > 100kWpkWp 0.2160.216 /kWh. Duration of payment 25 years, with payment on 80/kWh. Duration of payment 25 years, with payment on 80percent of rated power output beyond that. The decree has also lpercent of rated power output beyond that. The decree has also lifted theifted the
5050 MW cap, being now 150 MWMW cap, being now 150 MWSweden :Sweden : No specific PV programme. Electricity certificates for windNo specific PV programme. Electricity certificates for windsolar, biomass, geothermal and small hydro. Energy tax exemptionsolar, biomass, geothermal and small hydro. Energy tax exemption
United Kingdom :United Kingdom : Investment subsidies in the framework of a PVInvestment subsidies in the framework of a PVdemonstration programme. Reduced VAT.demonstration programme. Reduced VAT.