sol key terms. monotheism belief in one all-powerful god judaism (1st), christianity (2nd), and...
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![Page 1: SOL Key Terms. monotheism belief in one all-powerful God Judaism (1st), Christianity (2nd), and Islam (3rd)](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110100/56649de65503460f94adf0c7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SOL Key Terms
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monotheism
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monotheism
• belief in one all-powerful God • Judaism (1st), Christianity (2nd), and Islam
(3rd)
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polytheism
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polytheism
• belief in more than one god • Hinduism
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non-theistic
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Non-theistic
• a religion that does not focus on the worship of a god
• Buddhism
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atheism
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atheism
• the belief that there are no gods and no supernatural world
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animism
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animism
• the worship of nature spirits instead of one particular god
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proselytize
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proselytize
• to try to convert someone to a religion • Christianity, Islam, and Buddhism are
proselytizing religions
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10 Commandments
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10 Commandments
• God's laws for Jews - given to Moses • also followed by Christians
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Torah
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Torah
• Jewish holy book • Christians call it the Old Testament
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messiah
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messiah
• savior - Jews believe a messiah will come and save them
• Christians believe Jesus is the messiah and will come again
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Bible
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Bible
• Christian holy book • Made up of Old and New Testaments• Old Testament - Jewish scriptures • New Testament - life of Jesus and the
teachings of his disciples (most written by Paul)
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trinity
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trinity
• Christian belief that God has 3 parts - father, son, holy spirit
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Kaaba
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Kaaba
• shrine in Mecca • holiest place for Muslims • black box• it used to hold polytheistic gods/idols
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Koran/ Qur’an
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Koran/ Qur’an
• holy book of Islam
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jihad
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jihad
• Arabic word meaning “struggle”• Muslim holy war• if a Muslim dies fighting for Allah, he will go
straight to heaven
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5 Pillars
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5 Pillars of Islam
• faith • prayer • pilgrimage • alms• fasting (during Ramadan)• 5 things all Muslims must do
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Ramadan
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Ramadan
• month Muhammad received revelations from Allah
• Muslims fast during this month
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caste system
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Caste System
• hierarchy in India - made up of different levels • each level is called a varna • every varna has certain duties to perform called
dharma • people are born into a varna and then do not move out
of it • the only way to move up or down is to be reincarnated
at a higher or lower level in your next lifetime• you get reincarnated higher by having good Karma
which you get by completing the dharma of your varna
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Vedas
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Vedas
• holy writings of Hinduism
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Four Noble Truths
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Four Noble Truths
• 1. suffering exists • 2. desire causes suffering • 3. no desire = no suffering • 4. the way to end desires is to live by the 8
fold path
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Eightfold Path
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Eightfold Path
• the 8 ways to live that Gautama came up with that would end desires and end suffering
• 1. Right View Wisdom • 2. Right Intention • 3. Right Speech Ethical Conduct • 4. Right Action • 5. Right Livelihood • 6. Right Effort Mental Development • 7. Right Mindfulness • 8. Right Concentration
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nirvana
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nirvana
• nothingness - when your spirit ends reincarnation and becomes one with the universe
• the ultimate goal of Buddhism
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West Bank/Jerusalem Conflict
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West Bank/Jerusalem Conflict
• religious war in Middle East • West Bank of Jordan River in Israel • Israeli Jews and Palestinian Muslims are still
fighting over it today • Both see Jerusalem as a holy city and want to
control that area
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Kashmir Conflict
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Kashmir Conflict
• religious war in India • Kashmir is a region of northwestern India • The people there are Muslim • Pakistan (Muslim country near there) is
fighting India (Hindu country that owns Kashmir) for control of the land
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Northern Ireland Conflict
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Northern Ireland Conflict
• religious war going on there between Catholics and Protestants
• Great Britain (Protestant) controls Northern Ireland
• The rest of Ireland (Catholic) wants GB to give up control
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Balkans Conflict
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Balkans Conflict
• religious wars between Orthodox Christians and Muslims
• have been going on since the Crusades • the U.S. went in to Kosovo in the late 1990s
to protect Kosovar Muslims that were being slaughtered by Serb Christians
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Thirty Years' War
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Thirty Years' War
• religious war - 1618-1648 • between Protestants and Catholics in
German states of the Holy Roman Empire. • France joined (Cardinal Richelieu) for non-
religious reasons - wanted to weaken the power of the Hapsburgs
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Roman Catholic Church
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Roman Catholic Church
• only major religious group in western Europe during Medieval Period
• center of Medieval life• Head of the church is the Pope
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Crusades
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Crusades
• wars fought against Muslims in the Middle East by European Christians
• led to more trade and an increase in money in Europe
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Renaissance
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Renaissance
• word means rebirth • it is the period after the Medieval period• started in Italian city-states• was a rebirth of Ancient Greek and Roman
ideas and culture
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classics
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classics
• ideas, culture, education, etc. of Ancient Greece and Rome
• reborn during the Renaissance
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humanism
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humanism
• an interest in the classics• focus on individuals• interest in all humans being the best they
can be
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secular
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secular
• non-religious • Renaissance art was often secular
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sonnet
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sonnet
• 14 line poem about 1 topic • Shakespeare is famous for writing them
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Printing Press
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Printing Press
• invented by Johannes Gutenberg • made books cheaper• spread Renaissance and reformation ideas
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indulgence
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Indulgence
• a certificate one could buy from the church that would lessen one's sin
• A way to buy forgiveness
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usury
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usury
• lending money and then charging lots of interest
• the Catholic Church was against this • this made merchants turn against
Catholicism because they wanted to be able to charge usury
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laity
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laity
• church members not in the clergy
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95 Theses
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95 Theses
• Luther's 95 complaints against the church• nailed to the church door on October 31, 1517• Biggest complaint was against the sale of
indulgences
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Lutheran Church
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Lutheran Church
• the first protestant denomination • Martin Luther's followers
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predestination
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predestination
• John Calvin's teaching that God chooses who goes to heaven before people are born
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Anglican Church
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Anglican Church
• church created in England by Henry VIII and Elizabeth I
• it was a combination of Protestant and Catholic beliefs/practices
• controlled by English government• Pope was not in control
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Inquisition
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Inquisition
• Roman Catholic Church court set up to punish Protestant heretics
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Jesuits
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Jesuits
• All male order of priests sent out to be missionaries of the Catholic Church
• society started by Ignatius of Loyola• started Catholic schools all over the world
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trade routes
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trade routes
• road or waterway traveled to exchange products and ideas. many routes began during Medieval Period: 1. silk roads across Asia to Mediterranean Sea (silk, tea, spices, porcelain) 2. trans-Saharan (across the Sahara) in North Africa (gold, salt, slaves) 3. maritime (sea) routes across Indian Ocean (textiles) 4. South China Sea routes connect China w/Southeast Asia (spices) 5. Western Europe: river routes (Rhine) and trade on the Mediterranean Sea 6. Northern Europe: links to the Black Sea (Danube River)
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shogun
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shogun
• Japanese military leader • had the political power in Japan• tried to keep Europeans out of Japan during
this time
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isolationism
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isolationism
• national policy of not interacting with the rest of the world - ex. Japan
• U.S. also practiced this policy to try and stay out of World War I and World War II
• Gave up the idea of being isolated from the world’s problems after WWII
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foreign enclaves
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foreign enclaves
• special areas in China where the emperor allowed European trading companies to trade
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spices
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spices
• product that Europe relied on - came from Asia
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middleman
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middleman
• someone who buys something and then sells it to someone else
• the Arabs were middlemen for spices
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Gold, Glory, God
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Gold, Glory, God
• 3 reasons why Europeans wanted to explore the world –
• money, fame, and spread Christianity
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cultural diffusion
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cultural diffusion
• the spread of culture
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circumnavigate
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circumnavigate
• to go around the world • first done by Ferdinand Magellan's crew • then by Sir Francis Drake
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conquistador
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conquistador
• an early Spanish conqueror/explorer • Hernan Cortez conquered Aztecs• Francisco Pizarro conquered Incas
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colony
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colony
• a settlement ruled by a "parent country"
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Columbian Exchange
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Columbian Exchange
• exchange of goods and ideas between the Old and New Worlds
• Named after Christopher Columbus • changed the world as new products were
brought new places
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plantation system
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plantation system
• Used throughout the Americas • Europeans set up farming plantations to grow
cash crops • they used Native Americans to do labor• when they died of diseases, Europeans began
taking slaves from Africa
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Mercantilism
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Mercantilism
• belief that a country's power depends on its wealth
• caused nations of the world to try and build up wealth and compete for colonies
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bullion
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bullion
• gold and silver• it's how a nation's wealth was measured
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triangular trade
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triangular trade
• a trade route with 3 legs that forms a triangle• began around 1500 • connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas• The selling of slaves from Africa to the New
World was the most profitable leg of the triangular trade network (middle passage)
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the 3 main legs of the triangular
trade route
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the 3 main legs of the triangular trade route
• 1. Europe to Africa (w/rum and manufactured goods) 2. Africa to Caribbean (w/slaves - called the Middle Passage) 3. Caribbean to Europe (w/sugar and rum)
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sugarcane
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sugarcane
• crop planted in Caribbean by English • very profitable • Very labor intensive which increased the
demand for slaves
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diseases
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diseases
• Europeans brought diseases with them to the New World
• the diseases killed off the Native American population (especially small pox)
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absolutism
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absolutism
• belief that monarchs get their power and their right to rule directly from God - therefore they have absolute power
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Edict of Nantes
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Edict of Nantes
• created by Henry IV of France • it gave French Protestants (Huguenots) their
religious freedom • It was taken away by Louis XIV of France who
then took away the Protestants' religious freedom
• It is an example of absolute power, because it was created and then taken away on the whim of a king
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Scientific Method
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Scientific Method
• the methods for finding the truth by examining facts and using reason
• developed by Francis Bacon • The steps are: 1. observe 2. hypothesis 3.
test hypothesis
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hypothesis
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hypothesis
• a theory to explain why something happens
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reason
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reason
• using logic, thinking, and observation to figure something out
• when someone tests a hypothesis instead of just relying on tradition or belief they are using reason
• during scientific revolution people began using reason
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heliocentric theory
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heliocentric theory
• Nicolaus Copernicus' idea that the sun was the center of the universe
• Proven by Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei
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natural law
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natural law
• moral laws that can be proven with reason just like scientific laws
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Enlightenment Ideas
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Enlightenment Ideas
• New ideas about government• People have the right to overthrow unjust
rulers• People have natural rights that cannot be
taken away by the ruler• Led to democracies
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Economic Distress
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Economic Distress
• money problems• taxes too high, not enough money
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Social Injustice
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Social Injustice
• when a group of people are treated unfairly
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Religious Intolerance
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Religious Intolerance
• when a religious group is treated unfairly or outlawed
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Nationalism
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Nationalism
• a great pride in your people or nation and wanting them to be independent if you are ruled by an outside country
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Magna Carta
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Magna Carta
• English document signed in 1215 • Placed clear limits on the English King • The King was now under the rule of law• He could not tax without the approval of the
Royal Council• He could not put a man in jail without trial by
jury
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Common Law
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Common Law
• body of English law - applied to all people• Laws that are made by judges decisions over
time rather than government legislation
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jury trial
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jury trial
• a trial where guilt or innocence is decided by a group of peers, NOT just some judge
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Parliament
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Parliament
• like our Congress • majority of people in it were Puritans • they led English Civil War against Charles I• after the Glorious Revolution they had more
power than the monarch
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Glorious Revolution
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Glorious Revolution
• called this because there was no bloodshed • Parliament asked William and Mary to come take
over England • England didn't want absolute monarchs any more • After this, Parliament had more power than the
king • William and Mary did what Parliament wanted,
because they were thankful to get to be the monarchs
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Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence
• written by Jefferson • influenced by Enlightenment - especially Locke • people have rights (life, liberty, and pursuit of
happiness) • People’s rights can't be taken away • government exists to protect people’s rights • when government doesn't rule justly, people
should rebel
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U.S. Constitution
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U.S. Constitution
• influenced by the Enlightenment • Bill of Rights based on English Bill of Rights,Locke's ideas, and Voltaire's ideas • The U.S. Government is set up based on
Montesquieu's ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances
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Bastille
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Bastille
• French prison/ symbol of royal tyranny • July 14, 1789 = Bastille Day (like our July 4) • On this day, the Third Estate stormed the
Bastille and released several political prisoners
• This is the beginning of the French Revolution
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Reign of Terror
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Reign of Terror
• after the Third Estate liberals took over the French government, they began executing anyone who disagreed with them
• This led to chaos and more revolution • Eventually Napoleon took over, became
dictator and brought order
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Code of Napoleon Napoleonic Code
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Code of Napoleon Napoleonic Code
• laws of Napoleon • made all people equal • he spread these ideas all over Europe as he
conquered it
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Haitian Revolution
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Haitian Revolution
• Toussaint L'Ouverture leads Haitian slaves in an uprising
• Creates first black run country in the New World (Western Hemisphere)
• Inspired by the American and French Revolutions
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South American Revolutions
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South American Revolutions
• inspired by the French and U.S. revolutions • Bolivar lead South American countries to
fight for independence from Spain
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Congress of Vienna
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Congress of Vienna
• meeting of European countries after many years of fighting France/Napoleon
• Europe was a mess after all the fighting• they met to come up with a plan to restore
order to Europe• Restored a balance of power• Restored monarchs to their thrones
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balance of power
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balance of power
• no one country should be too powerful - the way France had been
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liberals
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liberals
• in general, these are people who want more changes and more freedoms
• In the 1800s, they were unhappy with Congress of Vienna
• they wanted enlightened government• they did not want absolute monarchs
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conservatives
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conservatives
• in general, these are people who wanted less change in the 1800s
• a stronger central government• and fewer individual rights • Metternich was a conservative
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Revolutions of 1848
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Revolutions of 1848
• started throughout Europe as people revolted against the conservatives and the Congress of Vienna
• revolutions were led by those who were nationalists and/or liberals
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nationalists
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nationalists
• were unhappy with Congress of Vienna • they wanted their people to have their own
countries - not be ruled by others. • many people were ruled by others in order
for there to be a balance of power
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nationalism
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nationalism
• love for your country/people and wanting to have your country strong
• often a cause of revolution
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nation-state
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nation-state
• a state that is based on a common nationality/ethnic group
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German Confederation
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German Confederation
• after Napoleon was defeated, this was created to be a buffer against the French
• it was an association of German states• it was the beginning of the German states
working together • helped lead to Germany becoming unified
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realpolitik
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realpolitik
• the belief that a country should do whatever it has to do to benefit itself
• this was Bismarck's philosophy • it was the reason he went to war• it helped Prussia/the German people unify• decisions were decided by "blood & iron"
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Franco-Prussian War
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Franco-Prussian War
• Prussia fought and beat France • Prussia led by Bismarck • took land from France - Alsace-Lorraine - that
Bismarck wanted to help unify Germany • example of realpolitik
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Enclosure Movement
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Enclosure Movement
• movement in Great Britain where large land owners fenced in their lands that used to be open to public use
• Now fewer people could be farmers (since they couldn't use the public lands)
• and it created a large group of available workers for factories
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industrial revolution
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industrial revolution
• a time of great change in the way things were produced
• work began to be done in factories by machines instead of at home by hand
• more and more people began moving to cities and leaving the farm (this is called urbanization)
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capital
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capital
• money that is available to be spent on a business
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entrepreneur
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entrepreneur
• a person who takes a risk to start a business in order to hopefully make money
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factory system
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factory system
• instead of all work being done by individuals in their own homes, all the workers came together in one location (a factory)
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capitalism
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capitalism
• type of economic system • major goals are to make money (capital) and to be free • this is what the U.S. has • pure capitalism is called laissez-faire - leave the economy
alone and lets nature take its course • benefits: people are free to make money the way they
want to, anyone with an idea has a chance of becoming rich so there are lots of ideas problems: there is no guarantee you'll make money, you could lose money, if owners are too free they may mistreat workers to make more money
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labor union
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labor union
• group of workers united to force owners into improving working conditions
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strikes
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strikes
• When workers refuse to work as a protest against their employers policies or working conditions (used by unions)
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socialism
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socialism
• type of economic system • believes that all people should be equal and no one should
make more $ than anyone else • individuals don't own anything - the society owns everything
together • the government must be in control of everything and own
everything to make sure that everyone is equal benefits: everyone is equal, no one is poorer than anyone else problems: since you can't make $ there's no reason to come up with new ideas, plus not all people want to be equal - some want to be better
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collective bargaining
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collective bargaining
• when owners and union representatives sit down to discuss working conditions
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Imperialism
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Imperialism
• policy of building an empire to extend a nation's power and territory
• when one country takes over others and builds an empire
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Protectorate
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Protectorate
• A country that is technically independent, but is given protection by another country whether they ask for it or not
• And the “mother” country expects something in return
• a country whose policies are guided by a foreign nation
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Colony
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Colony
• a settlement of people outside their homeland
• linked with the parent country by trade and direct government control
• (a settlement of people directly ruled by a mother country)
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Sphere of influence
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Sphere of influence
• area in a country where a foreign power has exclusive rights to trade or investment
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British East India Company
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British East India Company
• British traders that band together for trading rights in India
• Forced parts of India to trade with them exclusively
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Boxer Rebellion
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Boxer Rebellion
• Boxers were a group of anti-foreigner Chinese
• they rebelled against the imperialist European countries that were trading in China
• the Europeans defeated them so that they could keep trading in China
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Imperialism
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Imperialism
• building an empire• extending power and territory • caused countries to compete and become
enemies
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Militarism
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Militarism
• policy of building up the military to make it the best
• when countries have big militaries, they often want to use them
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Nationalism
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Nationalism
• love for your country - wanting it to be independent/strong
• countries all wanted to be the best • colonies wanted to be independent • each country in Europe wanted to be the best
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Alliances
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Alliances
• countries join together b/c of mutual beliefs and desires and agree to help each other if attacked
• now if 1 country is attacked others will end up being involved
• alliances led to diplomatic failures before WWI• It turned a war between 2 countries into a war
between A LOT of countries
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Triple Alliance
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Triple Alliance
• Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • Italy later drops out• became known as the Central Powers during
WWI
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Triple Entente
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Triple Entente
• Britain, France, Russia • became known as the Allied Powers – U.S.
joins this side when they enter WWI
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Lusitania
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Lusitania
• British passenger ship • sunk by a German U-boat • many American civilians are killed • U.S. public opinion begins to turn against
Germany • U.S. begins to think about going to war
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Zimmerman Telegram
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Zimmerman Telegram
• telegram Germany sent Mexico • asked Mexico to attack the U.S. to keep the
U.S. from being able to fight in Europe • Germany would then help Mexico get Texas
New Mexico, and Arizona back • made U.S. angry enough to declare war
against Germany
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coup d'etat
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coup d'etat
• when a group takes over a government and its leaders in a quick often violent way
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NEP
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NEP (New Economic Policy)
• Lenin's New Economic Policy • He allowed some capitalism even though he
was a socialist, because he wanted to improve the Soviet economy
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Treaty of Versailles
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Treaty of Versailles
• treaty that ended WWI • created at Paris Peace Conference • treaty greatly punished Germany - they
couldn't have a military, they had to pay money (reparations), they lost all their colonies
• effect on Germany of this treaty would lead to WWII
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14 Points
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14 Points
• Woodrow Wilson's plan to fix the world after WWI
• Self-determination and the League of Nations were two of his big ideas
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League of Nations
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League of Nations
• most important part of Wilson's 14 points • all the nations of the world would work
together to solve the world’s problems • The U.S. never joined• It was a failure
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Mandate System
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Mandate System
• European countries were given temporary control of territories after WWI to help them eventually become independent
• France (Syria & Lebanon)• Great Britain (Jordan & Palestine - which
becomes Israel)
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Great Depression
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Great Depression
• worldwide economic depression in 1930s • caused by US stock market crash and effects
from WWI
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totalitarian
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totalitarian
• type of government with total and absolute power
• after WWI, many governments like this came about (Germany, Italy, Japan, Soviet Union)
• usually they took away rights but also built their country's economy, military and pride
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fascism
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fascism
• extreme militarism and extreme nationalism
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Nazi Party
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Nazi Party
• political party Hitler was the head of • believed in total government control
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Fascist Party
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Fascist Party
• An Italian political party that ruled Italy from 1922 - 1943
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5 Year Plans
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Fascist Party
• Stalin had several 5 Year Plans to fix/modernize the Soviet economy
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Great Purge
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• when Stalin killed 20 million Soviets that disagreed with him
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collectivization
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collectivization
• Stalin combined all farms under government control
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appeasement
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appeasement
• giving into the demands of an aggressor to avoid a fight
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Blitzkrieg
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Blitzkrieg
• lightning fast war • Germany took over Europe as fast as
lightning • ex. war starts when they take over Poland• Germany defeated France quickly in WWII
with the blitzkrieg
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Outline of WWII
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Outline of WWII
1. Germany invades Poland which begins WWII2. Germany conquers France 3. Germany begins bombing Britain - Battle of
Britain - they don't defeat British 4. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor which brings the
U.S. into war 5. D-Day - Allies invade Europe 6. U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan
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Yalta Conference
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Yalta Conference
• Roosevelt, Churchill, & Stalin meet and decide to: 1. divide Germany into 4 zones 2. create the United Nations 3. disarm Germany 4. destroy Nazi Party
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United Nations
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United Nations
• place for countries to meet and discuss world problems and create solutions
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Superpowers
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Superpowers
• 2 most powerful countries after WWII – U.S. and USSR
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Atomic Bomb
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Atomic Bomb
• dropped by U.S. on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
• caused Japan to surrender during WWII
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Axis Powers
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Axis Powers
• fascists • Germany, Japan, and Italy
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Allied Powers
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Allied Powers
• U.S., Great Britain, Soviet Union
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genocide
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genocide
• deliberate attempt to kill all members of a racial, cultural, ethnic group or political group (or any other group of people that share some a common characteristic)
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anti-Semitism
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anti-Semitism
• anti-Jewish
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Holocaust
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Holocaust
• Hitler's attempt to get rid of all Jews • called the “Final Solution” • included gas chambers and concentration
camps • Jews were blamed for losing WWI and for
causing the Great Depression
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Armenian Genocide
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Armenian Genocide
• Armenians forcefully deported and killed by the Ottoman Empire
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Great Purge
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Great Purge
• Stalin killed 20 million of his own people
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Killing Fields
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Killing Fields
• Pol Pot, dictator of Cambodia, killed educated people and minorities
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Rwanda
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• Tutsi minority is slaughtered by Hutu majority in 1990s
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Balkans
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Balkans
• Muslims and Croats are slaughtered by Bosnian Serbs
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Cold War
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Cold War
• U.S. vs USSR• capitalism vs socialism • West vs East• NATO vs Warsaw Pact • called "Cold" because the 2 sides didn't
actually fight but worked to stop each other from gaining more influence in the world
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Marshall Plan
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Marshall Plan
• after WWII, the U.S. gave Western Europe $13 billion to help them rebuild and prevent the rise of dictators (which happened after WWI)
• The U.S. wanted to protect democracies and prevent the spread of communism
• named for George Marshall - WWII general and U.S. Secretary of State
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Truman Doctrine
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Truman Doctrine
• President Harry S Truman's ideas that the U.S. would "lead the fight against communism"
• Caused the U.S. to get involved in conflicts around the world
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Containment
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Containment
• Policy of Truman Doctrine • U.S. would not fight the USSR but would
contain communism or stop it from spreading
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NATO
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NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization • the alliance between the U.S. and western
capitalist countries against communism
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Warsaw Pact
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Warsaw Pact
• alliance between the USSR and the Eastern European countries they dominated
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Berlin Wall
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Berlin Wall
• Soviets built a wall around East Berlin so that its citizens couldn’t leave and go to West Berlin
• a real-life “Iron Curtain”
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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Cuban Missile Crisis
• Soviets place nuclear missiles in Cuba • U.S. orders them to be removed & sets up a
naval blockade of Cuba • It appears as though the Cold War will
become a Hot War • Soviets back down and remove missiles from
Cuba
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Iron Curtain
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Iron Curtain
• term used by Winston Churchill (British Prime Minister) to describe the separation between Communist Eastern Europe and Capitalist/Democratic Western Europe
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Korean War
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Korean War
• The U.S. fight North Korea to keep communists from taking over South Korea
• Korea divided on 38th parallel• U.S. policy of containment is successful
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Vietnam War
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Vietnam War
• The U.S. fight North Vietnam to keep communists from taking over South Vietnam
• The U.S. loses• Vietnam become communist• The U.S. policy of containment fails
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Arms Race
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Arms Race
• competition between the U.S. and USSR to create the best military
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mutual assured destruction
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mutual assured destruction
• also called deterrence theory • knowing that both you and your enemy could
destroy each other • This is the main reason we never went to war
with the USSR
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Chinese Civil War
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Chinese Civil War
• Chinese communists - led by Mao Ze Dong • Mao defeated Chinese nationalists - led by
Chiang Kai-shek • Nationalists form a new Chinese nation on
island of Formosa (Taiwan)
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Indian Independence
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Indian Independence
• led by Gandhi against British • India divided into India, West Pakistan (now
Pakistan), and East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
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passive resistance
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passive resistance
• fighting without fighting • boycotts, marches, protests, sit-ins, etc. • used by Gandhi
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apartheid
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apartheid
• South African policy of separating whites and blacks
• blacks were given everything inferior • for decades black South Africans struggled
for equality
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Developed Countries
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Developed Countries
• better access to technology • stronger more diverse economies • higher literacy rates/better education • better access to good health care • slower population growth because of family
planning/birth control • usually have capitalism & free markets • women tend to have equal rights and often work outside
the home/get educations • as countries become developed their citizens want more
liberty and rights
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Developing Countries
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Developing Countries• little access to technology • weaker economy • often dependent solely on one crop or one type of work • weak education systems• high illiteracy rates • high population growth b/c:
1. less family planning knowledge 2. more kids needed to work on farms 3. high infant mortality rate makes people try to have more kids
• often controlled by dictators and • rarely have free markets/capitalism • women have traditional role - homemaker, caregiver • people often do not realize what it means to truly have liberty
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European Union
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European Union
• An organization of European countries working together to try to compete with strong economic countries like the U.S. and Japan
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NAFTA
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NAFTA
• North American Free Trade Agreement – • ex. of a free trade agreement (no taxes on
goods made in another country) • This is between US, Mexico, and Canada.
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WTO
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WTO
• World Trade Organization• international trade agreement to work
towards more world wide free trade
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UN
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UN (United Nations)
• United Nations • nations of the world work together to solve
problems
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IMF
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IMF (International Monetary Fund)
• International Monetary Fund • makes loans to poor countries trying to
develop economically