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SOIL POLLUTION &

ITS REMEDIESEnvironmental Science


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CONTENTS

What is Soil..

What is soil !oll"tion

#o$ is it ca"se%

T!es o' soil !oll"tion .

What are the e(ects o' soil !oll"tion

#o$ can $e control soil !oll"tion


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What is Soil.. Soil is the thin laer o' or)anic an% inor)anic

materials that covers the Earth*s roc+ s"r'ace.

Soil is com!ose% o' !articles o' ,ro+en roc+

that have ,een altere% , chemical an%

mechanical !rocesses that incl"%e $eatherin)

an% erosion.


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SOIL POLLUTION It is %e-ne% as the ,"il%"! in soils o'

!ersistent to/ic com!o"n%s0 chemicals0 salts0

ra%ioactive materials0 or %isease ca"sin)a)ents0 $hich have a%verse e(ects on !lant

)ro$th an% animal health.

Soil !oll"tion is also ca"se% , means other

than the %irect a%%ition o' /eno,iotic 1man

ma%e2 chemicals s"ch as a)ric"lt"ral r"no(

$aters0 in%"strial $aste materials0 aci%ic


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Causes of Soil Pollution See!a)e 'rom a lan%-ll

Dischar)e o' in%"strial $aste into the soil

Percolation o' contaminate% $ater into the soil

R"!t"re o' "n%er)ro"n% stora)e tan+s

E/cess a!!lication o' !estici%es0 her,ici%es or

'ertili3er

Soli% $aste see!a)e

De'orestation an% Soil erosion


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E/cess a!!lication o'

!estici%es etc.

E/cess "se & %is!osal o' Plastics an% !olethene$astes


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In%"strialsee!a)e

Soli% $aste see!a)e


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The most common chemicals involve% in

ca"sin) soil !oll"tion are4

5 Petrole"m h%rocar,ons

5 #eav metals

5 Pestici%es

5 Solvents


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Types of Soil Pollution

5 6)ric"lt"ral Soil Poll"tion

i2 !oll"tion o' s"r'ace soil

ii2 !oll"tion o' "n%er)ro"n% soil

5 Soil !oll"tion , in%"strial e7"ents an% soli% $astes


ii2 %ist"r,ances in soil !ro-le

5 Poll"tion %"e to "r,an activities


ii2 !oll"tion o' "n%er)ro"n% soil


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6)ric"lt"ral Soil Poll"tion Plants on $hich $e %e!en% 'or 'oo% are "n%er

attac+ 'rom insects0 '"n)i0 ,acteria0 vir"ses0ro%ents an% other animals0 an% m"st com!ete$ith $ee%s 'or n"trients.

To +ill "n$ante% !o!"lations livin) in or on theircro!s0 'armers "se !estici%es.

The remnants o' s"ch !estici%es "se% on !estsma )et a%sor,e% , the soil !articles an%contaminate root cro!s )ro$n in that soil.

The cons"m!tion o' s"ch cro!s ca"ses the!estici%es remnants to enter h"man ,iolo)ical

sstems0 a(ectin) them a%versel.


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Agricultural eects:

5 Re%"ce% soil 'ertilit

5 Re%"ce% nitro)en -/ation

5 Increase% ero%i,ilit

5 Lar)er loss o' soil an% n"trients

5 De!osition o' silt in tan+s an% reservoirs

5 Re%"ce% cro! iel%

5 Im,alance in soil 'a"na an% 8ora


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Agricultural eects:


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In%"strial Soil Poll"tion Lar)e 9"antit o' soli% $astes li+e "n"se% an%

re:ecte% chemicals 1li+e sl"%)e0 !ress m"%0 sa$

%"st0 ,ottles0 !lastic materials etc.20 "n$ante%

in%"strial $astes )enerate% %"rin) man"'act"rin)

!rocesses are %"m!e% over on the s"r'ace o' soil ,

almost all in%"stries $ith %i(erence in the %e)ree.

Lar)er the !ro%"ction ,ase0 lar)er is the )eneration

o' $astes.

Tra%itionall0 these materials have ,een %"m!e%

aro"n% the 'actor site or aro"n% the entire cit.


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In%"strial Soil Poll"tion


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Industrial eects:

5 Dan)ero"s chemicals enterin)

"n%er)ro"n% $ater.

5 Ecolo)ical im,alance.

5 Release o' !oll"tant )ases.

5 Increase% salinit.

5 Re%"ce% ve)etation.


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Soil Poll"tion %"e to Ur,ani3ation Ur,an activities )enerate lar)e 9"antities o' cit

$astes incl"%in) several ;io%e)ra%a,le materials

1li+e ve)eta,les0 animal $astes0 !a!ers0 $oo%en

!ieces0 carcasses0 !lant t$i)s0 leaves0 cloth $astes

as $ell as s$ee!in)s2 an% man non,io%e)ra%a,le

materials 1s"ch as !lastic ,a)s0 !lastic ,ottles0

!lastic $astes0 )lass ,ottles0 )lass !ieces0 stone

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