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Soil & Weathering

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Page 1: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Soil & Weathering

Page 2: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces.

Weathering

Page 3: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Mechanical Weathering

Process by which rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by external conditions.

Types of Physical weathering Frost wedging Plant roots Friction and impact Burrowing of animals Temperature changes

Page 4: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Frost Wedging

Page 5: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Plant Roots

Page 6: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Friction and Repeated Impact

Page 7: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Burrowing of Animals

Page 8: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Temperature Changes

Page 9: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Questions

Page 10: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Chemical Weathering

The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes.

The agents of chemical weathering Water Oxygen Carbon dioxide Living organisms Acid rain

Page 11: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Water

Water weathers rock by dissolving it

Page 12: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Oxygen Iron combines with

oxygen in the presence of water in a processes called oxidation

The product of oxidation is rust

Page 13: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Carbon Dioxide

CO2 dissolves in rain water and creates carbonic acid

Carbonic acid easily weathers limestone and marble

Page 14: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Living Organisms

Lichens that grow on rocks produce weak acids that chemically weather rock

Page 15: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Acid Rain Compounds from burning coal, oil and gas

react chemically with water forming acids. Acid rain causes very rapid chemical

weathering Acid rain has the same ph level as tomato

juice

Page 16: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Soil

What is soil? Loose mixture of

weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air

Is chemically and physically different from parent material

Page 17: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Soil Horizon

Soils have distinct zones that roughly parallel land surface

Page 18: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Horizon Layers Typical soil profile

O horizon -- dark organic matter

A horizon -- contains some organic matter but many minerals are removed from this layer; Lighter-colored than O

B horizon -- contains decomposed rock such as clay, iron oxides, calcite; may be red, yellow, or tan

C horizon -- slightly altered parent material

Page 19: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Soil Horizons in Archaeology

Page 20: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Ashland, home of Henry Clay

Soil Horizon

Page 21: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Can you see the layers?

Monticello, VA

Page 22: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Can you figure out the layers?Which is horizon O, A, B, & C?

Page 23: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Erosion

The process by which water, ice, wind or gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.

Page 24: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Water Erosion

Rivers, streams, and runoff

Page 25: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Ice Erosion

Glaciers

Page 26: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Wind Erosion

Page 27: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

Mass Movements

Landslides, mudslides, slump and creep

landslide clip.mpeg

Page 28: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

You may use your notes

Page 29: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

What is mechanical weathering?

Page 30: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

1 What are the two types of weathering?

Page 31: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

1 What are the two types of weathering?

2 Acid rain is which type of weathering?

Page 32: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

1 What are the two types of weathering?

2 Acid rain is which type of weathering?

3 Iron combines with what 2 things to form rust?

Page 33: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

1 What are the two types of weathering?

2 Acid rain is which type of weathering?

3 Iron combines with what 2 things to form rust?

4 Frost wedging & animal burrowing are which type of weathering?

Page 34: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!

1. What are the two types of weathering?

2. Acid rain is which type of weathering?3. Iron combines with what 2 things to

form rust?4. Frost wedging & animal burrowing are

which type of weathering?5. Which horizon has dark, organic

matter?

Page 35: Soil & Weathering. The breakdown of materials of Earth’s crust into smaller pieces. Weathering

POP QUIZ TIME!!1. What are the two types of weathering?

1. mechanical & chemical

2. Acid rain is which type of weathering?1. chemical weathering

3. Iron combines with what 2 things to form rust?

1. oxygen & water

4. Frost wedging & animal burrowing are which type of weathering?

1. mechanical

5. Which horizon has dark, organic matter?1. Horizon O


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