soil program recommendation - tnn...
TRANSCRIPT
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
Soil Program Recommendation
Grower: G.C. Wynne Consultant: Bill Munton
Doyle St
Quirindi
NSW 2343
Soil Test No: K6930ABC
These comments and suggestions are based on our interpretation of soil analysis figures from
your Environmental Analysis Laboratory soil test report. Our aim is to achieve a nutritionally
well balanced, biologically active healthy soil, having optimum potential to grow any plants
well. Crop specific nutrient applications are of most value when applied to well balanced
healthy soils.
Environmental Analysis Laboratory soil test is based on the Albrecht soil model in
conjunction with a Reams test.
The Albrecht soil model is a well proven format of mineral balance using base level
requirements of nutrients designed to build soils for the long term as well as feed plants in
the short term. Adequate Calcium levels are the basis on which this format is built. A good
soil pH is not considered as a means of achieving optimum fertility levels but more as a
result of achieving optimum levels of Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium, which
will produce maximum levels of fertility for a given soil.
The Reams component of our soil test includes the Soluble Tests, Conductivity (Ergs) and
Nitrate N test.
Soluble tests are determined by use of the Morgan Extract, sometimes referred to as the La
Motte Extract because La Motte make and sell the extract. This test was developed by Carey
Reams to simulate as close as possible, the availability for uptake by plants of the soil
nutrients Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus and Nitrate Nitrogen.
Conductivity (Ergs) is a measure of soil energy release equal to grams/sec, indicating
whether or not there is enough energy reaction going on in the soil to grow good plants.
Ammonium Nitrate test, which is recommended by Carey Reams, is only run if specifically
asked for, as there is no way of determining how much Ammonia is from fertilisers versus
biological life, causing false and confusing test results, where Ammonium fertilisers have
been used.
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
General Comments Your soil CEC (Cation exchange Capacity) is in the heavy soil type range. The exchange
capacity of 48, 39.3 and 37.7 indicates an increased amount of clay and a substantial nutrient
holding capacity which requires larger quantities of added nutrients to change their relative
levels in the soil. The “Base Saturation” of a given soil, is the specific percentage of
nutrients that grows crops best, i.e. “Desirable Levels” of “Percentage Base Saturation” in
your soil report. True soil balance is achieved by adding the required amount of each
nutrient to achieve the desired level indicated for that soil type, an excess of a given nutrient
will complex and cause a deficiency of another nutrient needed for proper plant nutrition.
Fertility is the balance between elements in a biologically active soil.
Low Calcium together with high Magnesium is causing an imbalance and limiting your soil
fertility. A good pH level is the product of balancing the CEC “Base Saturation Percentages”
of Calcium, Potassium, Magnesium, Hydrogen and Sodium as per their desirable levels for a
given soil CEC. As the Calcium concentration is increased, so is efficiency in getting other
nutrients into the plant roots.
As Calcium levels are raised with introduction of lime to the soil, high Magnesium levels
can be pushed down. A desirable Ca/Mg ratio is the key to good soil structure, enabling air
and water movement through the soil profile and is vital for microbial proliferation and
activity.
As Calcium levels are raised with introduction of lime to the soil, adequate and marginally
high Magnesium levels can be pushed down. A desirable Ca/Mg ratio is the key to good soil
structure, enabling air and water movement through the soil profile and is vital for microbial
proliferation and activity.
Your test indicates a low level of Potassium which is vital to photosynthesis, essential in
protein synthesis, necessary for the formation of sugars and improves water use efficiency.
It can increase yields, improve crop quality and reduce disease.
Phosphorus is a limiting factor in your soil and will need building to achieve good yields and
quality. Plant growth and health is reliant on Phosphorus for its function in respiration, cell
division and growth, sugar and starch formation, uptake and movement of nutrient in the
plant. Good Phosphorus levels in the plant help to maintain high sugar and protein content
which can ward off insect attack.
Sulphur in the form of Sulphate is as important as Phosphate to plant nutrition. Adequate
Sulphur improves the palatability of all crops and grasses, increases protein content and is
necessary for chlorophyll formation, a deficiency of Sulphur will impair both yield and
quality.
A less than desirable biological activity is evident, signified by low plant available nutrient
conversion from reserve nutrient levels, i.e. “Ammonium Acetate and Bray 2 Test” figures
compared with “Soluble Test” (Reams) figures in your soil report.
Nitrate N figure indicates Nitrate Nitrogen levels at the time of taking the soil samples, this
level can quickly change, depending on rain, temperature and other environmental changes.
Nitrate N is the main form of nitrogen taken up by a plant, it is not stable in the soil, easily
leeched and moves up and down in the soil profile.
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
Therefore the lab extracted Nitrate N can be considered as a snap shot of this form of
nitrogen at the time of sampling.
Low tests are to be expected at the end of the cropping period, during winter and early
spring, and after a period of heavy rainfall. Under such conditions, when all other factors are
favourable, the absence of nitrates may not necessarily indicate poor availability of soil
nitrogen. However, the crop is apt to respond to the addition of a readily available
nitrogenous fertilizer.
The carbon/nitrogen ratio is in a desirable range, having excellent potential to decompose
organic matter. Reduced microbial activity could be a limiting factor for this process due to
low microbial presence which can be caused by lack of soil aeration due to a low Ca/Mg
ratio, low Cobalt, low pH (below 5.8) and low moisture content. It is likely that low Ca/Mg
ratio is the most limiting factor for biological presence in these soils.
Low levels of Zinc, Boron and Manganese warrant the inclusion of initial remedial action in
this program, monitoring of all trace element levels is advised, with fine tuning to be done
after the macro-nutrients have been bought closer to their desirable levels.
Fulvic and Humic acids can play a significant part in improving this soil. Fulvic for its
ability to penetrate and increase soil aeration, promote root growth and enhance soil
structure. Humic acid or Humates for their ability to increase soil humus content, to buffer
or protect plant roots from nutrient excesses and to promote the conversion of Phosphorus
and other elements into plant available form by enhancing soil biology.
Audit of fertilizer requirements to raise deficient nutrients to desirable levels in this sample.
A B C
Calcium 2470 kg/ha 2612 kg/ha 2597 kg/ha
Sulphate S 57 kg/ha 50 kg/ha 41 kg/ha
Potassium K 400 kg/ha 300 kg/ha
Zinc 10.4 kg/ha 9.4 kg/ha 8.2 kg/ha
Manganese 35.8 kg/ha 25.4 kg/ha 21.6 kg/ha
Boron 2.6 kg/ha 2.4 kg/ha 2.2 kg/ga
Recommendations: Calcium is the first consideration in all soil improvement programs. The addition of
agricultural bulk lime, where extreme deficiencies exist, could be considered for the longer
term if budget allows.
The addition of Gypsum (Calcium Sulphate) as a Calcium source would also supply the
necessary Sulphur to increase the content to a desirable level. Liquid Sulphur 10-0-0-30 is an
excellent liquid alternative Sulphur source.
FCMP (Fused Calcium/Magnesium Phosphate), Rock Phosphate or MAP is recommended
as a starter and long term source of phosphorus. Your base Phosphorous levels will need to
be maintained.
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
Low Potassium levels would best be addressed with the addition of liquid Potassium
Humate if deficiency is marginal. If solid application is preferred, Potassium Sulphate or
Potassium Nitrate is the recommended source. Avoid Potassium Chloride (Potash) if
possible, as the chloride can be very harmful to soil biology.
Formula 1 microbial soil rebuild is a concentrated microbial compound including an initial
food source, based on bacillus bacterium, designed to increase and enhance microbial
presence and activity in the soil. This will boost organic matter decomposition, thereby
increasing the all important soil humus content and in turn, nutrient availability for plants.
Zinc6/Boron2 chelate is a most effective soil or foliar application for dealing with Zinc and
Boron deficiency, application rates can range up to 2.5 – 10 ltrs/ha.
Manganese chelate is a most effective soil or foliar application for dealing with Manganese
deficiency, application rates can range up to 15 ltrs/ha.
We recommend regular soil testing to monitor nutrient levels and establish a fertility
improvement trend.
Suggested Applications in Order of Priority
A B C
AgLime 2000 kg/ha 2000 kg/ha 2000 kg/ha
Gypsum 500 kg/ha 500 kg/ha 500 kg/ha
Phosphorus P 20 kg/ha 20 kg/ha 15 kg/ha
Potash 100 kg/ha 100 kg/ha
Formula 1 25 kg/ha 25 kg/ha 25 kg/ha
Suggested Foliar Applications in Order of Priority
A B C
Zinc6/Boron2 Chelate 8 ltrs/ha 7 ltrs/ha 7 ltrs/ha
Manganese Chelate 6 ltrs/ha 5 ltrs/ha 5 ltrs/ha
Suggested Long Term Program
A B C
AgLime 1000 kg/ha 1000 kg/ha 1000 kg/ha
Gypsum 200 kg/ha 300 kg/ha 100 kg/ha
Potash 100 kg/ha 100 kg/ha
Rates can be varied to suit budget, consult your TNN representative
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
your soil fertility and have not been developed for
specific crops. “Good soil” will grow any crop well. Your crop fertility program should be
reviewed in conjunction with the above recommendations.
Please remember that the aim is to build the soil over time, to spread out the cost and add in foliars
to overcome what is lacking while the soil fertility is being built.
Disclaimer: “The above program is not intended to be exhaustive and will be effected by soil variations, testing
error and seasonal factors. Any recommendations should be viewed and acted upon as part of an
ongoing fertility program. No responsibility can be accepted by the company in respect of
consequences of any of the above matters or other matters beyond our control.”
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
Sample No: 6930A Soil Analysis by
Environmental Analysis Laboratory
Military Rd. East Lismore. NSW 2480
P.O. Box 157
Ph: 02 6620 3678
Ref: E1970/3
Sampled At: Top Lucerne
Date Sampled: 16/05/15 Crop: Lucerne
Soil Type: Grey Clay Loam Hectares: 5
Nutrient
Laboratory
Analysis Data
Evaluation
Unit
s Results Desirable
Solu
ble
Te
sts
Ream
s
Bra
y P
1
Calcium Ca ppm 2188.99 Kg/Ha 4378 5522
Magnesium Mg ppm 1034.07 Kg/Ha 2068 768
Phosphorus P ppm 3.45 Kg/Ha 7 125
Potassium K ppm 57.55 Kg/Ha 115 562
Calcium/Magnesium Ratio Ratio 2.1:1 7:1
Am
moniu
m
Aceta
te
& B
ray P
2
Calcium Ca cmol+/kg 28.40 Kg/Ha 11360 13830
Magnesium Mg cmol+/kg 17.89 Kg/Ha 4294 1383
Phosphorus P ppm 169.34 Kg/Ha 339 250
Potassium K cmol+/kg 0.82 Kg/Ha 641 1124
Sodium Na cmol+/kg 0.90 ppm 206 166
Wate
r S
olu
ble
Te
sts
Nitrate N ppm 8.59 Kg/Ha 17 30
Sulphate S ppm 7.91 Kg/Ha 16 73
pH (Water) units 7.54 7.5 6.5
Conductivity Erg
S/cm 142.00 S 142 200
Organic Matter % 4.98 % 5.0 5.5
Aluminium Al ppm 0.66 ppm 1 <54
CEC Cation Exchange Capacity cmol+/kg 48.02 48.0
Perc
ent
Base S
atu
ratio
n Potassium K % 1.71 % 1.7 3.0
Calcium Ca % 59.14 % 59.1 72.0
Magnesium Mg % 37.26 % 37.3 12.0
Hydrogen H % 0.02 % 0.0 6.5
Sodium Na % 1.87 % 1.9 1.5
Mic
ronutr
ients
Zinc Zn ppm 0.78 ppm 0.8 6.0
Manganese Mn ppm 7.06 ppm 7.1 25.0
Iron Fe ppm 27.47 ppm 27.5 100.0
Copper Cu ppm 2.52 ppm 2.5 2.4
Boron B ppm 0.69 ppm 0.7 2.0
Cobalt Co ppm 21.77 ppm 21.77 5.00
Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.47 ppm 0.47 2.00
Selenium Se ppm 0.74 ppm 0.74 2.00
C/N
Ratio
Total Carbon C % 2.84 % 2.84
Total Nitrogen N % 0.26 % 0.26
Organic Matter/Nitrogen Ratio 19.27 Ratio 19.27 18 - 25
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio 11.01 Ratio 11.01 10 – 12/14
fiGR/CU~ TURfl~ & TURF - SO/~ FVfi~U. 1170N SFRV/'CF
Sample No: K6930A
Desirable Base Saturation Percentages
Sodium 2%
Calcium 72%
Your Base Saturation Percentages
Hydrogen Sodium 2%
Magnesium 37%
0% Potassium
Percentage of Desirable Nutrient Levels in Your Soil
Calcium SS%
150 ,-----t
Reams Test
(I) C)
"' .... c: (I)
u .. (I)
~
50
3 1105/ 15
Nutrient excesses are visually limited to a maximum chart scale of 150%
D
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
Sample No: 6930B Soil Analysis by
Environmental Analysis Laboratory
Military Rd. East Lismore. NSW 2480
P.O. Box 157
Ph: 02 6620 3678
Ref: E1970/4
Sampled At: Bottom Lucerne
Date Sampled: 16/05/51 Crop: Lucerne
Soil Type: Brown Loam Hectares: 2.5
Nutrient
Laboratory
Analysis Data
Evaluation
Unit
s Results Desirable
Solu
ble
Te
sts
Ream
s
Bra
y P
1
Calcium Ca ppm 1657.49 Kg/Ha 3315 4524
Magnesium Mg ppm 959.07 Kg/Ha 1918 629
Phosphorus P ppm 10.67 Kg/Ha 21 103
Potassium K ppm 59.75 Kg/Ha 120 460
Calcium/Magnesium Ratio Ratio 1.7:1 7:1
Am
moniu
m
Aceta
te
& B
ray P
2
Calcium Ca cmol+/kg 21.80 Kg/Ha 8718 11330
Magnesium Mg cmol+/kg 15.90 Kg/Ha 3816 1133
Phosphorus P ppm 123.17 Kg/Ha 246 205
Potassium K cmol+/kg 0.75 Kg/Ha 584 921
Sodium Na cmol+/kg 0.89 ppm 205 136
Wate
r S
olu
ble
Te
sts
Nitrate N ppm 10.15 Kg/Ha 20 30
Sulphate S ppm 7.32 Kg/Ha 15 64
pH (Water) units 7.68 7.7 6.5
Conductivity Erg
S/cm 97.00 S 97 200
Organic Matter % 4.89 % 4.9 5.5
Aluminium Al ppm 0.40 ppm 0 <54
CEC Cation Exchange Capacity cmol+/kg 39.34 39.3
Perc
ent
Base S
atu
ratio
n Potassium K % 1.90 % 1.9 3.0
Calcium Ca % 55.40 % 55.4 72.0
Magnesium Mg % 40.42 % 40.4 12.0
Hydrogen H % 0.01 % 0.0 6.5
Sodium Na % 2.26 % 2.3 1.5
Mic
ronutr
ients
Zinc Zn ppm 1.28 ppm 1.3 6.0
Manganese Mn ppm 12.33 ppm 12.3 25.0
Iron Fe ppm 34.67 ppm 34.7 100.0
Copper Cu ppm 2.21 ppm 2.2 2.4
Boron B ppm 0.81 ppm 0.8 2.0
Cobalt Co ppm 20.77 ppm 20.77 5.00
Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.55 ppm 0.55 2.00
Selenium Se ppm 0.79 ppm 0.79 2.00
C/N
Ratio
Total Carbon C % 2.79 % 2.79
Total Nitrogen N % 0.25 % 0.25
Organic Matter/Nitrogen Ratio 19.41 Ratio 19.41 18 - 25
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio 11.09 Ratio 11.09 10 – 12/14
fiGR/CU~ TURfl~ & TURF - SO/~ FVfi~U. 1170N SFRV/'CF
Sample No: K6930B
Desirable Base Saturation Percentages
Sodium 2%
Calcium 72%
Your Base Saturation Percentages
Hydrogen 0%
Magnesium 40%
Sodium 2% Potassium
Percentage of Desirable Nutrient Levels in Your Soil
Calcium 55%
150 ,-----t
Reams Test
(I) C)
"' .... c: (I)
u .. (I)
~
50
3 1105/ 15
Nutrient excesses are visually limited to a maximum chart scale of 150%
[ I
AGRICULTURAL & TURF - SOIL EVALUATION SERVICE
31/05/15
Sample No: 6930C Soil Analysis by
Environmental Analysis Laboratory
Military Rd. East Lismore. NSW 2480
P.O. Box 157
Ph: 02 6620 3678
Ref: E1970/5
Sampled At: House Oats
Date Sampled: 16/05/15 Crop: Lucerne & Oats
Soil Type: Brown Loam Hectares:
Nutrient
Laboratory
Analysis Data
Evaluation
Unit
s Results Desirable
Solu
ble
Te
sts
Ream
s
Bra
y P
1
Calcium Ca ppm 1626.49 Kg/Ha 3253 4331
Magnesium Mg ppm 914.07 Kg/Ha 1828 603
Phosphorus P ppm 22.76 Kg/Ha 46 98
Potassium K ppm 166.75 Kg/Ha 334 441
Calcium/Magnesium Ratio Ratio 1.8:1 7:1
Am
moniu
m
Aceta
te
& B
ray P
2
Calcium Ca cmol+/kg 20.62 Kg/Ha 8249 10846
Magnesium Mg cmol+/kg 14.77 Kg/Ha 3544 1085
Phosphorus P ppm 187.28 Kg/Ha 375 196
Potassium K cmol+/kg 1.56 Kg/Ha 1214 881
Sodium Na cmol+/kg 0.71 ppm 164 130
Wate
r S
olu
ble
Te
sts
Nitrate N ppm 25.26 Kg/Ha 51 30
Sulphate S ppm 10.90 Kg/Ha 22 63
pH (Water) units 7.61 7.6 6.5
Conductivity Erg
S/cm 133.00 S 133 200
Organic Matter % 4.81 % 4.8 5.5
Aluminium Al ppm 0.36 ppm 0 <54
CEC Cation Exchange Capacity cmol+/kg 37.66 37.7
Perc
ent
Base S
atu
ratio
n Potassium K % 4.13 % 4.1 3.0
Calcium Ca % 54.76 % 54.8 72.0
Magnesium Mg % 39.21 % 39.2 12.0
Hydrogen H % 0.01 % 0.0 6.5
Sodium Na % 1.89 % 1.9 1.5
Mic
ronutr
ients
Zinc Zn ppm 1.92 ppm 1.9 6.0
Manganese Mn ppm 14.19 ppm 14.2 25.0
Iron Fe ppm 33.19 ppm 33.2 100.0
Copper Cu ppm 2.17 ppm 2.2 2.4
Boron B ppm 0.85 ppm 0.9 2.0
Cobalt Co ppm 20.51 ppm 20.51 5.00
Molybdenum Mo ppm 0.47 ppm 0.47 2.00
Selenium Se ppm 0.68 ppm 0.68 2.00
C/N
Ratio
Total Carbon C % 2.75 % 2.75
Total Nitrogen N % 0.23 % 0.23
Organic Matter/Nitrogen Ratio 20.65 Ratio 20.65 18 - 25
Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio 11.80 Ratio 11.80 10 – 12/14
fiGR/CU~ TURfl~ & TURF - SO/~ FVfi~U. 1170N SFRV/'CF
Sample No: K6930C
Desirable Base Saturation Percentages
Sodium 2%
Calcium 72%
Your Base Saturation Percentages
Hydrogen 0%
Sodium 2%
Potassium 4%
Calcium SS%
Percentage of Desirable Nutrient Levels in Your Soil 150 ,-----t
Reams Test
(I) C)
"' .... c: (I)
u .. (I)
~
50
3 1105/ 15
Nutrient excesses are visually limited to a maximum chart scale of 150%