soil erosion seminar

7/25/2019 Soil Erosion Seminar

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G R O U P M E M B E R S :

A N G E L L A | A T HI R A | S O N I A | M I L A N | A F I N

SOIL EROSION

Soil erosion refers to the wearinawa! of a "el#$s to%soil &! thenat'ral %h!si(al for(es of wateran# win# or thro'h for(es

asso(iate# with far)in a(ti*itiess'(h as tillae+


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CAUSES

1) LAND USE:USE AND ABUSE of natural resources,

Eg: deforestation, grazing, arable land use, faulty farming

systems, high crop intensity, housing construction, mining etc.

2) CLIMATE:DIRECT EFFECT on erosion areprecipitation and wind

velocity.

INDIRECT EFFECT on soil erosion (water balance,

temperature and relative humidity).

3) SOIL:SOIL PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS include texture,

structure, water retention and transmission properties.

4) HYDROLOGY:The different TYPES OF FLOW and their VELOCITIES

(turbulent or laminar, steady or unsteady, uniform or non-

uniform)

5) LANDFORMS:SLOPE GRADIENT, SLOPE LENGTH AND SHAPE OF

SLOPE

,'e to #eforestation

,'e to ari('lt'ral%ra(ti(es

-ater Erosion

-in# Ero


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Re#'(e# (ro% %ro#'(tion Siltin '% of reservoirs.

Eroded soil is deposited on riverbeds, raising their levels and

lea#s to .oo#s.

When the to% soil is washe# awa!, the soil strata looses itsfertile layer and thus the water absorption capacity reducesand further causes ooding.

Loss of h')'s! this is the source of nutrients due todeco"position, helps to "aintain a unifor" #h, helps preventdrying and shrin$ing of the soil and i"proves aeration.%

Loss of li*elihoo# for far"ers, as low productivity.

In(reasin n')&er of #eaths rates of far"ers due ofailure of crop production.

E(ono)i( loss

E&&E'(S )N* RIS+S O& SOIL EROSION

Silting up o

Low crop pro


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At the national level : Erosion by wind ( desert areas) : Rajsthan and adjoining areas of Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat

Western Uttar Pradesh .These areas receive scanty rainfall. They are devoid of vegetation cover a

have sandy soil.

Water erosion :states of Uttar Pradesh, adhya Pradesh. The flood !lains of the Ganga and its

tributaries in Uttar Pradesh and "ihar also suffer fro# the !roble# of soil erosion caused by $aterThese rivers are carving dee! furro$s and re#oving fertile to! soil. %ccording to one esti#ate the

Ganga River is trans!orting about &' #illion tonnes of eroded #aterial !er year fro# the Ganga !l

the "ay of "engal.

(oil erosion due to shifting cultivation: in tribal areas of %ssa#, eghalaya, Tri!ura, )agalai*ora#, +erala, %ndhra Pradesh, rissa, adhya Pradesh, -hhattisgarh etc n Ta#il )adu the b

effects of #isuse of land are illustrated in the )ilgiri Hills $here !otato is one of the #ain cro!s. He

!otato cultivation done on stee! slo!es, so#eti#es e/ceeding 0' !er cent. This has led to intenseerosion of soil and the yields of !otatoes have gone do$n by about 1' !er cent in s!ite of heavy

a!!lication of fertilisers.

Coastal erosion is 2uite !ronounced in the season of #onsoon $inds and during stor#s andcyclones. (everal coastal areas in Gujarat, aharasthra, +arnata3a, +erala, Ta#il )adu, %ndhra

Pradesh and rissa have suffered heavily at the hands of sea erosion.

At the state level : f the 10' 3# long coast of +erala, about &4 3# stretch consisting of sandy beaches is subjected

severe sea erosion. 5rosion of beaches along the +erala coast is evidenced by u!rooting of cocontrees.

near coastline, du33i, $atersheds of Pa#ba river, Western ghats because of conversion of forest

to far#ing.


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Soil (onser*ation is a co"bination of all "ethods of "anage"eand land use that safeguard the soil against depletion or deterioration

natural or hu"aninduced factors

-iological

. )grono"icpractices

!i% 'ontour far"ing!ii% (illage and $eepingthe land fallow

!iii% 'rop rotation,sowing of legu"inouscrops and "i/edcropping

!iv% 0ulching

!v% Strip cropping

!vi% (erracing

1. )grostological"ethods

!i% 'ultivation of grasses!ley far"ing%.

!ii% Retiring the land.

!iii% )2orestation andReforestation.

!iv% 'hec$ing ofovergra3ing.

4. *ryfar"ing

practices

0echanical

engineerin

!ii%'hec$ da"s,

!iii% Sub soiling,

!iv% 'ontour terra

!v% 'ontour trenc

!vi% (errace outle

!vii% 6ully control

!viii% *igging of pand reservoirs, a

!i/% Strea" ban$protection.

!/% #an brea$ing

!/i%Soil reinforce"and

6eo te/tiles


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SOIL 'ONSER7)(ION )S )N )R'8I(

Landscape planning

Reduce i"pervious su

#lant a rain garden. 9se a rain barrel.

Resource #lanning

#lant windbrea$s.

Restore wetlands.

#lant bu2er strips alostrea" ban$s.

Reestablish forest co

6eneral 'onstruction 0ethods

6ully Recla"ation

Shelter -elts Reinforced Earth

6abion Walls

0asonry Walls

(opsoil and vegetation

E/cavation "ethods &ill place"ent and

co"paction

'onstruction on sidelongground

Spoil disposal

6ravity walls

*ry stone walls

soil erosion seminar

Documents