soil databases and gis - esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu · wysoczyzna morenowa falista gliny r brunatne,...

European Summer School on Soil Survey, 12-16.07.2004

Soil databases and GISSoil databases and GIS

Dr Joanna KossakowskaWarsaw University of Technology


1 : 5 0001 : 25 000

Applications: cadastrephysical planningsoil protectionterrain suitabilityprecision agricultureplant cultivation...........

Local Soil DatabasesLocal Soil Databases


Users needs

Quality of data, precision

Costs of:

creating data base

updating

analysis and modelling

RequirementsRequirements


Resolution: spatial, semanticResolution: spatial, semantic

Spatial: size of pixel or graphical precision of maps

0.5 mm 1 : 1 000 000 500m1 : 500 000 250m1 : 100 000 50m1 : 25 000 12.5m

Semantic: number of attributesprecision of attributestimeless of attributes

Quality of Quality of data, data, quality of informationquality of information


Creating of the soil databaseCreating of the soil database

Type of soil


How to make local databaseHow to make local database

Digitizing contours polygons

Coding attributesInput attributes from maps, images, dtm, etc.

Verification i.e. change codingUpdating


Topographical Topographical mapmap SoilSoil--agriculture agriculture mapmap

Satellite imageSatellite image DTMDTM


Changes in landChanges in land use use


1986 1986 20022002

Changes in landChanges in land useuse


Using of Soil DatabasesUsing of Soil Databases for for spatial analysis and spatial analysis and modellingmodelling

simple question

spatial distribution of selected features (soil types or soil texture)

combination of features

connection with other thematic data bases(soils + vegetation)(soils + DTM)


Example of Example of modelling: modelling: Expert classificationExpert classificationAim - search of spatial distribution of dominant soil type

Problem – definition of relationships between soil type with geomorphologyand land cover

Gleby płowe

Mady

Czarne ziemie

Nie użytkowane rolniczo

Gleby rdzawe

Gleby glejowe

Gleby torfowe


Base of expert knowledgeBase of expert knowledge

Morfogeneza Skład granulometryczny

Pokrycie terenu Typ gleby

gliny R brunatne, płowe Wysoczyzna morenowa falista piaski Ls

R rdzawe właściwe brunatne wy ługowane

gliny R płowe, opadowo glejowe Wysoczyzna morenowa płaska piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe

rdzawe bielicowane piaski i żwiry Ls

R Ł

rdzawe właściwe brunatne wy ługowane deluwialne, glejowe

Pagórkowata strefa marginalna

gliny R Ł

brunatne gruntowo-glejowe

Wały morenowe strefy marginalnej piaski i żwiry Ls R

rdzawe właściwe brunatne wy ługowane pararędziny

piaski Ls rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane gruntowo glejowe

Zdenudowane wysoczyzny morenowe

gliny R płowe opadowo glejowe czarne ziemie

sandry bliższe Ls R

rdzawe właściwe rdzawe bielicowane płowe bielicowane

Równiny sandrowe

sandry dalsze R Ls

Bielicowe rdzawe bielicowane

piaski R bielicowe, bielice Tarasy akumulacji rzecznej a) plejstoceńskie piaski zwydmione Ls

R bielicowe, rdzawe bielicowane bielicowe, rdzawe

b) holoceńskie piaski, pyły, iły organiczne

R, Ł Ł, N

mady rzeczne, mułowe torfowe

Równiny akumulacji zastoiskowej py ły , iły Ł czarne ziemie gleby glejowe gleby mułowe i murszowe

Równiny akumulacji torfowiskowej i torfowiskowo-rzecznej

Torfy , muły Ł mułowe, torfowe, murszowe, glejowe

Conditions of soil types occurrence on the area

Typ użytek skład1 Dtm min Dtm max gl 100 106

gsp 92 92 glp 91 110 pgl 88 117

pglp 86 114 pgm 91 112

pgmp 94 113 psp 86 109 plz 86 112

R

ps 85 113 No 93 109 pl 82 122

pglp 104 110

A

Ls

ps 109 118 gl 84 116

glp 86 99 gs 88 90 pgl 83 120

pglp 84 120 pgm 90 111

pgmp 86 113 pl 80 123

psp 83 118 plz 82 117

R

ps 82 118 L pl, ps 88 99

Bw

Ls pl 81 115

Definition of thematic class and relations between variables


Stages of expert classificationStages of expert classification

+ kwnoledge

Base of decision rulesDigital terrain model

Land coverSatellite image

Parent materials

result

Soil type


Baza reguł decyzyjnych

Ancillary hypothesis:Texture of

parent material

Condition of DTM

Main hypothesis:

Soil type

„OR”

„AND”

Legend:

HypothesisRulesVariables

Base of decision rulesBase of decision rules


Expert classificationExpert classification resultresult: : dominat soil typesdominat soil types


ConclusionsConclusions

Combining of data sour ces with expert knowledge Quick updating & revision of the database

Satellite image

Spectral classification

Land cover Soil type

Decision rules:IF ... THEN ....

Layer of soil type

Knowledge:Thematic contextSpatial cotext...........

GIS layers :DTM...........


Example of spatial analysisExample of spatial analysis::AAnalysis of suitability of agricultural nalysis of suitability of agricultural

areas areas for for building purposesbuilding purposesBasic assumptions

Three classes are distinguished with respect to usefulness of the area for building purposes:- areas suitable for building purposes without any limitations,- areas suitable for building purposes with some limitations orafter special treatment,- areas witch are not suitable for building purposes.

Three factors which influence the suitability of areas for building purposes are considered:- loading capacity of grounds,- soil moisture,- terrain relief.


Detailed criteria of suitabilityDetailed criteria of suitability analysisanalysisClasses of suitability

(a) loading capacity of grounds

(b) soil moisture (c) terrain relief

1.Areas suitable for housing without any limitations

All mineral soils:A, Ax, Bw, Bg, D, Dz

Soils suitability units: 1,2,3,5,6,7, A, Ax, Bw, Bg and some soils of the 4th

soil suitability unit with exclusion of Axg.

slopes 0-3 %

2. Areas suitable for housing with limitation or after special treatment

Layered Fluvisols (F) of lower location and Gleysols (G)

SSU4 Luvisols with upper gleying (Ax, Axg) of light texture in the upper layer and of clayey background (top layer 1,2,3,4 classes of texture and subsurface layer 5,6 classes).Soil suitab. Units 1-6 on black earths: D, Dz, GSoil suitab. Units 1-7 on Fluvisols: F

slopes =< 3-5% +location on a mountain - side

3. Areas unsuitable for housing

Organic soils: E, T, M. Grasslands and pastures: 1z, 2z, 3z; Soil suitab. units 8,9,14

slopes > 5% +scarps and faults


Source Source datadata

Soil data baseSoil typesSoil suitability unitsTextureDeep of texture change......

Land coverDigital terrain model


Local soilLocal soil data data base base 1:250001:25000

Texture of parent materialsTexture of parent materials

Soil suitability unitsSoil suitability unitsSoil typesSoil types

Attributes of soil mapping unitsAttributes of soil mapping units


Spatial analysis Spatial analysis diagramdiagramDTM slope

Soil DB

loading capacity

Soil moisture

Land coverSatellite image Rivers

New attributes in DB

Buffer


Result of spatial analysisResult of spatial analysis


Perspective view Perspective view 3D3D

soil databases and gis - esdac.jrc.ec.europa.eu · wysoczyzna morenowa falista gliny r brunatne,...

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