Software Project ManagementSoftware Project Management

By Deepika ChaudharyBy Deepika Chaudhary

Why Project ManagementWhy Project Management

The software product is intangibleThe software product is intangible There is no standard procedure .There is no standard procedure . New software projects are not similar to New software projects are not similar to

older onesolder ones

Four P’s in Project ManagementFour P’s in Project Management

PeoplePeople ProductProduct ProcessProcess ProjectProject

People involved in s/w ProjectsPeople involved in s/w Projects

Senior ManagersSenior Managers Project ManagersProject Managers ProgrammersProgrammers CustomersCustomers End UsersEnd Users

Qualities of project managerQualities of project manager

MotivationMotivation OrganizationOrganization InnovationInnovation Problem SolvingProblem Solving Managerial CapabilitiesManagerial Capabilities Leadership skillsLeadership skills Team BuildingTeam Building

Software Team StructureSoftware Team Structure

DemocraticDemocratic Controlled CentralizedControlled Centralized Controlled DecentralizedControlled Decentralized

DemocraticDemocratic

The team consists of four or fewer The team consists of four or fewer programmersprogrammers

Group leaderships rotate among group Group leaderships rotate among group membersmembers

The structure allow input from all members The structure allow input from all members which can lead to better decisions.which can lead to better decisions.

Well suited for long term research type Well suited for long term research type projects.projects.

Controlled centralizedControlled centralized

A hierarchy like structureA hierarchy like structure It consist of chief programmer who is It consist of chief programmer who is

responsible of taking all types of technical responsible of taking all types of technical decisions about the projectdecisions about the project

This kind of structure is well suited for This kind of structure is well suited for projects with simple solutions and strict projects with simple solutions and strict deadlines.deadlines.

Controlled Decentralized Controlled Decentralized

This structure tries to combine the strengths of the This structure tries to combine the strengths of the democratic and controlled centralized teams . democratic and controlled centralized teams .

The team consist of The team consist of Project LeaderProject Leader The group of senior programmersThe group of senior programmers The group of junior programmersThe group of junior programmers Suitable for large projects which are reasonably Suitable for large projects which are reasonably

straight forward.straight forward.

Factors considered when planningFactors considered when planning

The Difficulty of the programThe Difficulty of the program The size of resultant programThe size of resultant program The time that the team will stay togetherThe time that the team will stay together The degree to which the program can be The degree to which the program can be

modularizedmodularized The required reliability and quality of the systemThe required reliability and quality of the system The rigidity of delivery dateThe rigidity of delivery date The degree of communication required.The degree of communication required.

Coordination and communicationCoordination and communication

Formal impersonal :incl documents and Formal impersonal :incl documents and deliverables , tech memos and various other deliverables , tech memos and various other documentsdocuments

Formal interpersonal : Focus on quality assurance Formal interpersonal : Focus on quality assurance These incl status review meetings design and These incl status review meetings design and code inspection.code inspection.

Informal interpersonal : includes group meetingsInformal interpersonal : includes group meetings Electronic CommunicationElectronic Communication Interpersonal networkingInterpersonal networking

Project Management ActivitiesProject Management Activities

Measurement and MetricsMeasurement and Metrics Management activitiesManagement activities Project PlanningProject Planning SchedulingScheduling TrackingTracking Risk ManagementRisk Management

Management ActivitiesManagement Activities

Proposal WritingProposal Writing Project Planning & schedulingProject Planning & scheduling Project CostingProject Costing Project Monitoring and ReviewsProject Monitoring and Reviews Personnel Selection and EvaluationPersonnel Selection and Evaluation Report Writing and presentationsReport Writing and presentations

Proposal WritingProposal Writing

The first stage in a software project may The first stage in a software project may involve writing a proposal to carry out involve writing a proposal to carry out project.project.

The proposal describes the objective of the The proposal describes the objective of the project and how it will be carried outproject and how it will be carried out

It usually includes cost and schedule It usually includes cost and schedule estimates.estimates.

Project PlanningProject Planning

The objective of software project planning is The objective of software project planning is to provide framework that enables the to provide framework that enables the managers to make reasonable estimates of managers to make reasonable estimates of resources cost and schedulesresources cost and schedules

The Pseudo code for project The Pseudo code for project planningplanning

Establish the project constraintEstablish the project constraint Make initial assessments of the project Make initial assessments of the project

parametersparameters Define project milestones and deliverablesDefine project milestones and deliverables While project has not been completed or While project has not been completed or

cancelled LOOPcancelled LOOP Draw up project scheduleDraw up project schedule Initiates activities according to schedule Initiates activities according to schedule Wait for whileWait for while

Review project progressReview project progress Revise estimates of project parametersRevise estimates of project parameters Update the project scheduleUpdate the project schedule Renegotiate Project Constraints and deliverablesRenegotiate Project Constraints and deliverables If (problem arise)If (problem arise) ThenThen Initiate technical reviewInitiate technical review End if End if looploop

The Project PlanThe Project Plan

The project plan sets out a resources The project plan sets out a resources available to the project, the work breakdown available to the project, the work breakdown and a schedule for carrying out the work.and a schedule for carrying out the work.

The project plan includesThe project plan includes Introduction : It describes the objectives of Introduction : It describes the objectives of

the project. ( eg budget , time)the project. ( eg budget , time) Project organisation : The way in which the Project organisation : The way in which the

development team is organised the people development team is organised the people involved and their roles involved and their roles

Milestones & DeliverablesMilestones & Deliverables

When planning a project , a series of When planning a project , a series of milestones should be established.milestones should be established.

A milestone is an end point of a processA milestone is an end point of a process At each milestone there should be a formal At each milestone there should be a formal

output such as report that can be presented output such as report that can be presented to the management.to the management.

A deliverable is a project result that is A deliverable is a project result that is delivered to the customer.delivered to the customer.

Deliverables can be milestones but Deliverables can be milestones but milestones are not always deliverables.milestones are not always deliverables.

For eg for feasibility study the milestones For eg for feasibility study the milestones can be feasibility report for requirement can be feasibility report for requirement specification it can be system requirements.specification it can be system requirements.

Project SchedulingProject Scheduling

Project Scheduling is the most demanding Project Scheduling is the most demanding task for the software managers.task for the software managers.

It is an extremely complex task as It is an extremely complex task as managers have to deal with a lot of item managers have to deal with a lot of item which are probabilistic in nature.which are probabilistic in nature.

Managers estimates the time and resources Managers estimates the time and resources required to complete activities and organise required to complete activities and organise them in a coherent sequence.them in a coherent sequence.

Project Scheduling includesProject Scheduling includes

The project schedule is usually represented The project schedule is usually represented as a set of charts showing the work as a set of charts showing the work breakdown activities dependencies and a breakdown activities dependencies and a staff allocation.staff allocation.

It includes prepration of It includes prepration of Gantt chartGantt chart CPMCPM PERTPERT