software for optimizing fertigation management in greenhouse … · 2013-10-11 · software for...
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Software for optimizing fertigation management in greenhouse crops.
Dr. Luca Incrocci Dipartimento di Biologia delle Piante Agrarie,
Università di Pisa
E-mail: [email protected]
Workshop Results of the EU Project “Euphoros- Efficient Use of Inputs in Protected Horticulture”
Donnalucata, (Italy) 6 October 2011
1
Content
Introduction
Nutrient solution calculator v1.0 (ExcelTM spreadsheet);
Simulhydro a fertigation management tool (ExcelTM
spreadsheet);
Hydrotools: software multi-languages for calculating the nutrient solution and simulating the effects of different fertigation strategies on the water and mineral use efficiency;
2
Introduction
The main goal is to reduce the environmental impact of soilless culture maximizing the yield;
Need to optimize the nutrient solution in order to use a nutrient solution similar to crop uptake concentration (ratio between nutrient and water uptake in a period);
use the fertigation strategy that could maximize the water and nutrient use efficiency
WUE (kg/m3)= total crop yield /total water use
NUE (kg/g)=total crop yield/total nutrient use
3
Introduction/2
In the EUPHOROS project UNIPI study how to reduce the environmental impact of soilless culture using different approach such as:
To reduce and/or prolong as long as possible the use of substrate;
To promote the use of semi-closed system instead open system;
To prolong as long as possible the use of the recirculating nutrient solution in the semi-closed system, using also special quick tests in order to monitor daily the recirculating nutrient solution;
The results are collected in the deliverable 15:
Advice system fertigation and substrate management with good and poor water quality
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Visit the EUPHOROS WEB SITE/1
You can download it!
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www.euphoros.wur.nl
Visit the EUPHOROS WEB SITE/2
Available in Italian English
and also inHungarian! 6
Nutrient Solution calculator v1.0
• Free tool (Excel spreadsheet) developed by University of Pisa. Available in Italian, English and Hungarian version (thanks to dr. Ombódi Attila of the Szent István University, Hungary).
•Input:
Water composition;
Crop recipe (also pH and EC); (It contains a database with 15 standard crop recipes);
Fertilizer and acid nutrient content (it contains a database with the most used products)
Fertigation system specification;
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Nutrient Solution calculator V1.0
OUTPUT:
calculation of the nutrient solution and its cost;
calculation of stock nutrient solution ;
salt precipitation test.
06/19 8
START
Raw water analysis
Unit conversion
tool
Test (quality assessment)
Fertigation data
Crop recipes
Recipe database
Salts and acids
Fertiliser database
Select recipe
Yes
Crop recipe No
pH and EC
Recipe adjustment
Select salts and acids
Report (print)
Salt precipitation
test
Change dilution
ratio
No
Yes Calculation
Nutrient Solution calculator v1.0: flow-chart
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Nutrient Solution calculator v1.0: report/1
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Nutrient Solution calculator v1.0: report/2
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Simulhydro fertigation manager: v2.0
• Free simulation tool (Excel spreadsheet) developed by University of Pisa for the assessment of the requirement for water and nutrients in a greenhouse soilless culture.
•Input:
Water, reference nutrient composition and nutrient uptake concentration (ratio between nutrient and water uptaken in a period);
Climate data (for ET modelling) or crop ET daily;
Growing system description (drainage tank volume, water content in the substrate, ;
Different fertigation strategies: open cycle, semi-closed cycle and set-point for the fertigation (ECMAX for flushing, substrate washing)
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Irrigation water
Nutrient stocks
Mixing tank
Substrate
Crop
OPEN SYSTEM Drainage Flushing
SEMI-CLOSED SYSTEM
Transpiration
Irrigation
Water uptake
EC adjustment
Recycling water
Acid pH adjustment
pH adjustment
Drain tank
Refill
Simulhydro 2.0 Fertigation management: system modelled
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Fertigation strategies in tomato soilless culture (1):
Semi-closed systems
Tank
Stocks
Raw water
Strategy A: variable ECNS
Strategy B: constant ECNS
Tank
Stocks
Raw water
Flushing Flushing
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0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Nutrients
NaCl
Nut. Sol.
EC
NS (
ds
m-1
)
Days
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Nutrients
NaClNut. Sol.
EC
NS (
ds
m-1
)
Days
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14Nutrients
NaClNut. Sol.
EC
NS (
ds
m-1
)
Days
Strategy A Strategy B
Strategy C
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
Nutrients
NaCl
Nut. Sol.
EC
D (
ds
m-1
)
Time
Strategy D
Planting
End
Open system
Fertigation strategies in tomato soilless culture (2):
Semi-closed vs open systems
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Leaf area
Flushing event (runoff)
Ion concentration
Water uptake
WUE & NUE
Climate
Growing system
Crop
Crop
Water quality
Fertigation strategy
Crop (Yield)
Input
Fertigation strategy
Output
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Simulhydro 2.0 Fertigation management: model description
16
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Strategy A
EC
(dS
m-1
)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6Strategy B
EC
(dS
m-1)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
1
2
3
4
5
Strategy C
Days after planting
EC
(dS
m-1
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
1
2
3
4
5
Strategy D
Days after planting
EC
(dS
m-1)
Simulhydro 2.0: model validation (EC)
17 Massa et al. 2011. Simulation of crop water and mineral relations in greenhouse soilless culture. Environmental Modelling & Software 26 (2011) 711-722.
Strategy A
0
4
8
12
16
Na+
NO3-
Ion c
oncentr
ation (
mol m
-3)
0
7
14
21
28
35
Strategy B
Na+
NO3-
Ion c
oncentra
tion (m
ol m
-3)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Strategy C
0
4
8
12
16
Na+
NO3-
Days after planting
Ion c
oncentr
ation (
mol m
-3)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
7
14
21
28
35
Strategy D
Na+
NO3-
Days after planting
Ion c
oncentra
tion (m
ol m
-3)Simulhydro 2.0: model validation (N and Na)
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Simulhydro (2.0): report
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HYDROTOOLS: a software for the help in the fertigation management
• In collaboration with CNR-IBIMET Firenze (M. Romani, P. Battista, B. Rapi, M. Bevilacqua, L. Bacci) we are building a new freeware DSS software.
•Main characteristics:
-It is a modular system developed in C# Microsoft .Net Frameworks 4.0 -Software requirement: from Windows XP sp3 to Windows 7. -The system default language is English (US) and in Italian. -The system architecture is based on a central database that stores both input and output data. -The database is implemented on SQLite database engine.
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Hydrotools: main components
Language
management CONTROL
PANEL
User manual
DATABASE
SQLite
platform
Data
management
NS calculator
(SOL-NUTRI)
Fertigation
management
OFF-LINE (SIMULHYDRO)
Reporting
Statistics
Graphical
display
Data export
21
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Hydrotools: new facilities
• The same database for NS calculator and Simulhydro permits an easy selection of the waters and nutrient solutions for the simulation;
• Automatic conversion tools between mg/L or ppm to mol m-3
• Crop-specific water evaluation test;
•New functions for Simulhydro:
- Possibility to simulate different greenhouse crops; - Growing cycle could be divided up to 12 different phases; - Nutrient solution run-off could satisfy special environmental constrains (i.e. environmental laws); - Simulation of all macro and micronutrients concentration in real commercial closed or open soilless system.
Commercial (Semi)-closed system
Rainwater Groundwater
Daily drenage storage tank Storage drainage tank
Drain water
Nutrient solution tank
Mixer
Sector 1
Sector 3
Sector 2
Disinfection
unit
Fertigation strategy
Day-storage tank
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Disinfection unit
irrigation
Storage nutrient solution irrigation tank
Fertirrigator device
Sector 1
Sector 2
Sector 3
substrate
Daily drainage
Disinfected drainage
Hydrotools starting
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Hydrotools: control panel
25
Language setting
Exit and Save Exit
26
Database management
27
Database management: inserting a new water composition
28
Water composition already present in
the database
Database management: inserting a new water composition
29
Water composition already present in
the database
Database management: inserting a new fertilizer composition
30
Fertilizer composition
already present in the database as
default
Insert here the fertilizer
composition for each ion
Database management: insert a new crop/stage
31
Database management: insert new thresholds
32
For water evaluation, for the min and max concentration tolerate by the crop
Guideline values for water quality
evaluation specific for the crop
Minimum ion concentration tolerate by the
crop
Maximum ion concentration tolerate by the
crop
Database management: insert a new crop uptake
concentration
33
Database management: insert a new environmental
constrain
34
Solnutri: starting
35
Solnutri: new NS calculation
36
Solnutri: water quality test
37
Solnutri: EC and pH adjustment
38
Solnutri: acid and fertilizer setting
39
Solnutri: after calculation
40
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Solnutri: calculation of a second acid for water pH control
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Solnutri: stock nutrient solution precipitation test
Solnutri: report
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Irrigation water ion composition
Ion recipe composition
Nutrient solution composition
Amount of salts to dissolve in the stock nutrient
solution
Simulhydro: starting
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45
46
Hydrotools: Set the scenario
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48
49
Hydrotools: growing system input
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Hydrotools: choose an environmental constrain
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Hydrotools: choose an physiological constrain
Hydrotools: simulhydro
OUTPUT:
The software save an excel file where there are the concentration for each ion, in the irrigation nutrient solution, in the substrate and in the drainage;
calculation of water and nutrient balance including WUE and NUE;
Now we are going to implement some graphical tools in the software for a direct display of the main simulation parameters
52
Hydrotools: graphical output
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1
5
9
13
17
21
25
29
33
37
41
45
49
53
57
61
65
69
73
77
81
N-N
O3 c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(m
ol m
-3)
Simulation day
Closed cycle-variable EC
Cs N-NO3
Cd N-NO3
Cirr N-NO3
Hydrotools: table output
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Table 4. Water balance sheet for different
fertirrigation strategies.
Parameter (variable EC)
Mean st.dev.
Crop water uptakeWU ( L m-2) 252.00
WFL for each flushing (L m-2) 3.00
Number of flushings 9.00
Water leachate for flushings events (Wrunoff Lm-2) 27.00
Water loss for Continuos bleeding volume WCB (L m-2) 0.00
Water lechate during the substrate washing (WDw, L m-2) 108.00
Water in the system at the end of growing cycle excluding
substrate (WEND, L m-2) 3.00
Total water lechate WL (L m-2) 138.00
Water use (WUSE, L m-2) 390.00
Leaching fraction (LF) 0.35
First flushing (days from the start) 11.00
Flushing frequency with the esclusion of the first flushing (days) 9.20
Hydrotools: table output
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Table 8. Nitrogen balance sheet for different fertirrigation
strategies.
Parameter Strategy A (variable EC)
Mean st.dev.
Total supply, including substrate at the start (Nsupply) (g m-2) 66.1
N leachate by flushing events (NFL) (g/m2) 3.55
N leachate by continuos bleeding 0.0
N present in the drainage at the end of cycle (g m-2) 1.7
N leachate during the substrate washing (NDw, L m-2) 13.88
N leachate for continuos bleeding volume NCB (g m-2) 0.00
N in the system at the end of growing cycle including substrate
(L m-2) 1.67
Total N leachate (NL) (g m-2) 20.8
N Uptake (NU) (g m-2) 45.4
N-NO3 mean concentration in the flushing (NL, mol m-3) 9.4
N-NH4 mean concentration in the flushing (NL, mol m-3) 0.0
Conclusion
The software developed by UNIPI, with the collaboration of CNR-IBIMET will be a important simulation tools that could help grower and technician to take decision on the fertigation management of soilless culture.
PLEASE VISIT THE WEB SITE OF EUPHOROS FOR LAST NEWS ON HYDROTOOLS SOFTWARE.
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THANK FOR THE ATTENTION!!