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Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSMoriond 2019 La Thuille
Merijn van de Klundert on behalf of the ATLAS and CMS collaboration1
mvandeklcernch
1DESY Germany
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 16
Relevance soft QCD measurements at the LHCIntriguing tests of our understanding of QCD
I Perturbative MPI interaction alternative evolution equations and factorisation schemes
Importance of good modelling soft QCD aspects of hadron collisionsI Probing parton distribution functions modelling initial state of heavy ion collisionsI Modelling of backgrounds for electroweak analyses searches etc
rarr Measurements of QCD phenomena crucial for success of ongoing LHC measurements andRampD for future projects for example ATLAS and CMS detector upgrades for HL-LHC
Latest result of ATLAS and CMS collaborationATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeV Phys Lett B 790(2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2CMS Evidence for WW production from double-parton interactions in proton-proton collisionsatradic
s = 13 TeV CMS PAS SMP-18-015CMS Note on new generator tunes GEN-17-001CMS two results with very forward CASTOR calorimeter
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradic
sNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Backup references to new results on exclusive production FSQ-16-007 FSQ-13-009Diffractive dijet study FSQ-12-033
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 16
Double parton scattering (DPS)
MPI interactions at the LHCDPS simplest multi-parton interaction
LHC energies MPI reactions become perturbative
DPS simultaneous hard interaction of two parton pairs in ahadron collision Simplest MIP reaction
May measure in various channels
DPS scattering in hadronicinteraction
DPS phenomenology
Assuming no trans or longi parton correlations σDPSAB factorises as
σDPSAB = k
2 middotσAtimesσBσeff
I k symmetry factorI σAB Single parton cross sections (SPS)I σeff effective overlap area between hadrons Assumed process and
radics-independent
May express σeff in terms of fraction fDPS of inclusive cross section for final state
In case of four charged leptons in final state (use fdpsσ4l = σDPS
AB )
σeff = 2k
1fDPS
σA2lσ
B2l
σ4l
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 16
Double parton scattering (DPS)
Relevance DPS measurementsTest longitudinal and transversal parton correlations in the proton Is σeff really universal
Relation to collective behaviour in high multiplicity p+Pb and p+p LHC collisions
Background to ao SUSY and Higgs processes at LHC
StatusGenerally many tests in various channels and various
radics performed at LHC
Factorisation hypothesis holds except for DPS vector meson production
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSimultaneous Drell-Yan production with four leptons final state
Particular relevant as background to Higgs in four lepton decaysDefine four observables with distinct signature DPS signal wrtbackground (similar to four jet DPS study)
I ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
∆yij = |yi minus yj |I ∆φij = |φi minus φj | ∆ijkm = |φi+j minus φk+m|
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables toArtificial Neural NetworkANN output displayed right ANN efficientfor distinguishing DPS contribution
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 16
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
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06
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1
12
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|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
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Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
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dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
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(GeV
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Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Relevance soft QCD measurements at the LHCIntriguing tests of our understanding of QCD
I Perturbative MPI interaction alternative evolution equations and factorisation schemes
Importance of good modelling soft QCD aspects of hadron collisionsI Probing parton distribution functions modelling initial state of heavy ion collisionsI Modelling of backgrounds for electroweak analyses searches etc
rarr Measurements of QCD phenomena crucial for success of ongoing LHC measurements andRampD for future projects for example ATLAS and CMS detector upgrades for HL-LHC
Latest result of ATLAS and CMS collaborationATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeV Phys Lett B 790(2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2CMS Evidence for WW production from double-parton interactions in proton-proton collisionsatradic
s = 13 TeV CMS PAS SMP-18-015CMS Note on new generator tunes GEN-17-001CMS two results with very forward CASTOR calorimeter
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradic
sNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Backup references to new results on exclusive production FSQ-16-007 FSQ-13-009Diffractive dijet study FSQ-12-033
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 16
Double parton scattering (DPS)
MPI interactions at the LHCDPS simplest multi-parton interaction
LHC energies MPI reactions become perturbative
DPS simultaneous hard interaction of two parton pairs in ahadron collision Simplest MIP reaction
May measure in various channels
DPS scattering in hadronicinteraction
DPS phenomenology
Assuming no trans or longi parton correlations σDPSAB factorises as
σDPSAB = k
2 middotσAtimesσBσeff
I k symmetry factorI σAB Single parton cross sections (SPS)I σeff effective overlap area between hadrons Assumed process and
radics-independent
May express σeff in terms of fraction fDPS of inclusive cross section for final state
In case of four charged leptons in final state (use fdpsσ4l = σDPS
AB )
σeff = 2k
1fDPS
σA2lσ
B2l
σ4l
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 16
Double parton scattering (DPS)
Relevance DPS measurementsTest longitudinal and transversal parton correlations in the proton Is σeff really universal
Relation to collective behaviour in high multiplicity p+Pb and p+p LHC collisions
Background to ao SUSY and Higgs processes at LHC
StatusGenerally many tests in various channels and various
radics performed at LHC
Factorisation hypothesis holds except for DPS vector meson production
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSimultaneous Drell-Yan production with four leptons final state
Particular relevant as background to Higgs in four lepton decaysDefine four observables with distinct signature DPS signal wrtbackground (similar to four jet DPS study)
I ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
∆yij = |yi minus yj |I ∆φij = |φi minus φj | ∆ijkm = |φi+j minus φk+m|
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables toArtificial Neural NetworkANN output displayed right ANN efficientfor distinguishing DPS contribution
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 16
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Double parton scattering (DPS)
MPI interactions at the LHCDPS simplest multi-parton interaction
LHC energies MPI reactions become perturbative
DPS simultaneous hard interaction of two parton pairs in ahadron collision Simplest MIP reaction
May measure in various channels
DPS scattering in hadronicinteraction
DPS phenomenology
Assuming no trans or longi parton correlations σDPSAB factorises as
σDPSAB = k
2 middotσAtimesσBσeff
I k symmetry factorI σAB Single parton cross sections (SPS)I σeff effective overlap area between hadrons Assumed process and
radics-independent
May express σeff in terms of fraction fDPS of inclusive cross section for final state
In case of four charged leptons in final state (use fdpsσ4l = σDPS
AB )
σeff = 2k
1fDPS
σA2lσ
B2l
σ4l
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 16
Double parton scattering (DPS)
Relevance DPS measurementsTest longitudinal and transversal parton correlations in the proton Is σeff really universal
Relation to collective behaviour in high multiplicity p+Pb and p+p LHC collisions
Background to ao SUSY and Higgs processes at LHC
StatusGenerally many tests in various channels and various
radics performed at LHC
Factorisation hypothesis holds except for DPS vector meson production
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSimultaneous Drell-Yan production with four leptons final state
Particular relevant as background to Higgs in four lepton decaysDefine four observables with distinct signature DPS signal wrtbackground (similar to four jet DPS study)
I ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
∆yij = |yi minus yj |I ∆φij = |φi minus φj | ∆ijkm = |φi+j minus φk+m|
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables toArtificial Neural NetworkANN output displayed right ANN efficientfor distinguishing DPS contribution
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 16
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Double parton scattering (DPS)
Relevance DPS measurementsTest longitudinal and transversal parton correlations in the proton Is σeff really universal
Relation to collective behaviour in high multiplicity p+Pb and p+p LHC collisions
Background to ao SUSY and Higgs processes at LHC
StatusGenerally many tests in various channels and various
radics performed at LHC
Factorisation hypothesis holds except for DPS vector meson production
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSimultaneous Drell-Yan production with four leptons final state
Particular relevant as background to Higgs in four lepton decaysDefine four observables with distinct signature DPS signal wrtbackground (similar to four jet DPS study)
I ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
∆yij = |yi minus yj |I ∆φij = |φi minus φj | ∆ijkm = |φi+j minus φk+m|
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables toArtificial Neural NetworkANN output displayed right ANN efficientfor distinguishing DPS contribution
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 16
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSimultaneous Drell-Yan production with four leptons final state
Particular relevant as background to Higgs in four lepton decaysDefine four observables with distinct signature DPS signal wrtbackground (similar to four jet DPS study)
I ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
∆yij = |yi minus yj |I ∆φij = |φi minus φj | ∆ijkm = |φi+j minus φk+m|
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 16
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables toArtificial Neural NetworkANN output displayed right ANN efficientfor distinguishing DPS contribution
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 16
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables toArtificial Neural NetworkANN output displayed right ANN efficientfor distinguishing DPS contribution
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 16
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Conclusion DPS contribution four lepton final state
ConclusionsQuantify DPS contributionfDPS =
NDPS4lNSPS4l +NDPS4l
fDPS consistent with 0 Determine upperlimit fDPS le 0042 (95 CL)Turn into lower limit in σeff Input
I σ4l from arXiv150907844 see talk LouisHelary
I Calc k2σAσB slightly complicated by
symmetry factor
Obtain estimate on detector and partonlevel σeff ge 10mb (95 CL)
New ATLAS result consistent with hypotheses DPS
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
DPS in same sign WW productionImportant channel to test DPS predictions
I W-decay provides exp relatively clean signalI Backgrounds well understood processes WZ
production main background
Update analysed 2016 + 2017 data (77 fbminus1)
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
P1
P2
WplusmnWplusmn
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 16
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
DPS in same sign WW production at 13 TeV SMP-18-015
ResultsSignal extracted in fiducial phase space for fourcategories
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ieopposite sign as well)
Major uncertainty in cross section from uncertainty inσeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approachfrom NNLO QCD and NLO EW inclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section andpredicted inclusive W cross section
First evidence DPS in same sign WW production
Quantity Pythia8 factorized measσ(pb) 192 087 141 plusmn 028 (stat) plusmn 028 (sys)sign 54 25 39σeff - 207 12750
minus29
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 16
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
New results in CMS using CASTOR
CASTOR13 -shy‐66ltη-shy‐5213 14m13 from13 IP13 113 cm13 from13 Beampipe13
Birds eye viewCASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMSAcceptance unique at LHC minus66 lt η lt minus52
I CASTOR has no η segmentation
Focus on two recent submitted results employingCASTOR
I Preliminary result on Measurement of the average veryforward energy as a function of the track multiplicity atcentral rapidities in proton-proton collisions at
radics = 13
TeV Scheduled for DIS rsquo19
Overview papers preliminary results and data sets inbackup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 16
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity inproton-proton collisions at
radics= 13 TeV arXiv181204095
OverviewMeasurement of energy flow in 315 lt |η| lt 52 complemented with minus66 lt η lt minus52
Purpose test models in phase-space relevant to Cosmic Ray physics review limitingfragmentation hypothesis
Definition energy flow dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) transforms det level measurement to particle level
Event generatorsPythia8 Comput PhysCommun 191 (2015) 159
I Based on collinear factorisation Lund string fragmentation andI CUETP8M1 CUETP8S1 and Monash tunes The CUETP8M1 and CUETP8S1 are tuned to UE data
LHC and TevatronI Pythia8 with MBR model with 4C and CUETP8M1 tune
EPOS-LHC and QGSJet Cosmic Ray models Combination of Regge-Gribov perturbativeQCD and string fragmentation Phys Rev C 92 034906 (2015) PhysRev D83 (2011)014018
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 16
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Results
Limiting fragmentationLimiting fragmentation predicts longitudinal scaling in terms of shifted ηprime = η minus ybeam
Measurement transversal energy density ET defined ET = E middot cosh(η)
Hypothesis predicts invariance of ET wrt beam energy for ηprime = 0
Plot measurement with results previous measurements Results support limitingfragmentation Important results for Cosmic Ray physics
Further results in backup
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 16
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 16
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSIn gluonic high density regime expectnonlinear g + g rarr g Leads to saturationgluon density
Onset nonlinear reactions indicated bysaturation scale
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum inCASTOR in p+Pb collisions atradic
sNN = 5TeVrarr Measurement potentially highly sensitiveto saturation Circumvent adversitiesinterpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jetssubmitted to journalResults relevant for EIC see talk GiuseppeBozzi
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 16
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
The key result the p+Pb spectrum Probe ion glue with proton
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
1minus10
1
10
210
310
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSKATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
KATIE KS nonlinearKATIE KS linearAAMQS MV
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
4minus10
2minus10
1
210
410
dE
[mb
GeV
]σd
Data
Sys uncertainty
-1= 502 TeV 31 nbNNsp+Pb
CMSHIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
lt-52η(R=05) -66ltTkanti-
HIJINGEPOSQGSJETII-04
1000 1500 2000 2500E [GeV]
2minus10
1minus101
Rat
io
Saturation modelsKatie KS
I Measurement potentially highly sensitive tosaturation
I Normalisation off Non-linear shape best
AAMQS predictionI Underestimates data at low energiesI Shape appears too hard
Event generatorsHijing describes data well
EPOS and QGSJet too soft At 25 TeV dataand QGSJet deviate by 25 orders ofmagnitude
Summary CASTOR jet study in CERN courier link belowcastor-calorimetry-delves-into-gluon-saturation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 16
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Summary
Conclusions status update soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSDouble parton scattering
I ATLAS set limit on σeff in four charged lepton events at 8 TeV σeff ge 1 mbI DPS assumptions not pressurised
CMS measurements using CASTORI Energy flow at 13 TeV confirms hypothesis limiting fragmentationI First jet measurement using CASTOR in 5 TeV p+Pb collision submitted
F Saturation models significantly underestimate dataF Model incorporating nuclear shadowing describes p+Pb spectrum
ATLAS soft QCD results and summaries can be found at httpstwikicernchtwikibinviewAtlasPublicStandardModelPublicResultsSoft_QCD
CMS soft QCD results can be found at hhttpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspublicationsFSQindexhtml
CMS generator results can be found at httpcms-resultswebcernchcms-resultspublic-resultspreliminary-resultsGENindexhtml
Soft QCD at ATLAS and CMSATLAS and CMS test soft QCD at the energy and luminosity frontier Many interesting results
in pipeline Stay tuned Thanks for your attention QuestionsM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 16
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Appendix content
References to results not discussed in this presentation
Additional information ATLAS DPS DPS ZZ analysis
Additional information CMS same-sign WW DPS analysis
Generator comparisons to CMS DPS analysis in four-jet final stateCASTOR analyses
I Data taking campaigns and results overviewI Additional results energy flow analysisI CASTOR jet study parton evolution event generators response matrix Pb+p spectrum and ratio
Additional material generator tuning studies
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 1 24
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS results not discussed in this presentation
References to results not discussed in this presentation
FSQ-16-007 Measurement of exclusive ρ0(770) photoproduction in ultraperipheral pPbcollisions at
radics =502 TeV
I arXiv190201339
FSQ-16-006 Central exclusive production of π+πminus in pp collisions at 502 and 13 TeVI arXiv190201339
FSQ-13-009 Measurement of exclusive Υ photoproduction from protons in pPb collisions atradics =502 TeVI arXiv180911080
FSQ-12-033 Measurement of dijet production with a leading proton in proton-protoncollisions at
radics=8 TeV
I httpcdscernchrecord2638198
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 2 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Outline202 fbminus1 collected at 8 TeV
Important ZZ only via quark fusion Many DPS results go via gluon fusion
Expect that DPS is 03 of total SPS 4 charged-lepton yield see Measurements offour-lepton production in pp collisions at
radics = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Signal and BGSignal simulated using Pythia8 (LO)
After SPS processes largest background Z + bb and t t
Z + bb and t t normalised to data others obtained from MC
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 3 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
BackgroundsResonant
I qq s-channel at Z resonanceI qq mainly above Z mass peaks
at two times Z massI Higgs production through gluon
fusion
Non resonantI gluon fusion to two Z bosons
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 4 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
SelectionCompletely analogous to inclusive 4 charged lepton measurement
Require 2 SFOC pairs (same flavour opposite charge)
Require 80 lt m24l lt 1000 GeV Pick m2 pair larger than 5 GeV to suppress Jpsi contribution
Input distributionsDPS Z bosons assumed uncorrelated and low pT
I DPS leptons balanced in pTI SPS the Z bosons are balanced in pT
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 5 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Signal extractionSignal extraction feed 21 observables to ArtificialNeural NetworkCertain backgrounds rescaled to enhance distinctionpower
Samples split in training and validation sample
ANN output displayed right ANN efficient fordistinguishing DPS contributionFit backgrounds plus signal to the DPS discriminantwith profile likelihood fit
Conversion to σeff use measurement σ4l
k factor not entirely trivial
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement foundM van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 6 24
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
ATLAS DPS contribution to inclusive four-lepton production at 8 TeVPhys Lett B 790 (2019) 595 arXiv181111094v2
Result uncertaintySystematics 20 from statistical ucertaintyMain systematic sources
I Energy scale detectorI SPS modellingI BG modelling Z + bb dominant
Further testsResults on detector level Test if maps onto parton level
I Vary the fractions on parton level that input BDTI Small systematic offset found only 2
Assumed no or weak correlations in Pythia (may introduce bias)
Test by overlaying uncorrelated sample from DY pairs
Good agreement found
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 7 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
RelevanceObservation allows test of factorisation approach commonly used in generatorsAngular correlations allow to test for non-trivial longitudinal parton correlations
I Note that angular info is used in BDT in current analysis
Large variations in signal modelling in Pythia currently 50
BackgroundsSingle parton scatterings may identify via jets Suppressed also a matrix element level
Prompt WZ production dominant background Differentiate via longitudinal boost
Furher Wγ Zγ WWW
non-prompt background orders magn larger than signalExperimental backgrounds
I Charge misidentification (tau decay)I non prompt lepton misindetification (heavy quarks)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 8 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Signal simulationPythia 8 with CUET (2017) and CP5 (2017) tune
Complemented with Herwig
Kinematic distributions match
Signal normalisation may fluctuate 50 with different tunes and UE but shape unaffected
Multivariate analysisDeploy 2 BDTrsquos
I One for W+ZI One for non-prompt leptons
Map both on 15-bin 2-D distribution
Used to fit signal
Performed for four flavour-sign categories separately
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 9 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Multivariate analysis discriminants
pl1t and pl2
t
pmisst
η1η2 product of η of leptons
|ηη2|mT (l1pmiss
T ) transverse mass of leading lepton and pmisst
|∆φ(l1 l2)| azimuthal angle between leptons
|∆φ(l1 pmisst )| azimuthal angular separation between subleadig lepton and pmiss
t
|∆φ(ll l2)| angle between dilepton system and subleading lepton
mT2ll So-called s-transverse mass Leptons serve as two visible systemsmT2ll = min[max(m1
T m2T )]
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 10 24
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS same sign WW DPS analysis
Systematic uncertaintiesmain sources shape fit and normalisations
Non prompt leptons 40 uncertainty
other backgrounds (ie excluding WZ) 50 uncertainty
ResultsMeasured in fiducial same sign
Final number extrapolated to inclusive signal (ie mixed charges allowed)
Major uncertainty in extraction from σeff
Signal obtained with Pythia 8 and factorised approach from NNLO QCD and NLO EWinclusive W sample
σeff is extracted using measured cross section and predicted inclusive W cross section
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 11 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing DPS sensitive distributionwith Pythia tunes
Distribution ∆ptij =| ~pti +~ptj |pti +ptj
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
CP2 tune describes central values better
CP4 slightly better than CP5
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 4j in |η| lt 47
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 305060708091011121314
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
CUETP8M1CP2CP4CP5Data
10minus2
10minus1
1
CMSradics = 7 TeV Normalized ∆S in pprarr 2b+2j+X
1σd
σd
∆S
[1rad]
0 05 1 15 2 25 3
05
1
15
2
25
∆S
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 12 24
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Successful data taking campaigns with CASTORRun I p+p at 09 276 and 7 TeV Pb+Pb at 276 TeV p+Pb at 5 TeV
Run II p+p at 5 and 13 TeV Pb+Pb at 5 TeV p+Pb at 5 and 8 TeV
List of papers submitted papers and prelim resultsRun I data analyses
I Study of the underlying event at forward rapidity in pp collisions atradic
s=09276 and 7 TeV JHEP 04(2013) 072
I Measurement of energy flow at large pseudorapidities in pp collisions atradic
s=09 and 7 TeV JHEP 11(2011) 148
I Measurement of diffractive dissociation cross sections in pp collisions atradic
s=7 TeV Phys Rev D 92012003 (2015)
I Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross sections in proton-lead collisions atradic
sNN =5 TeVarXiv181201691 new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =7 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-12-023
I η and centrality dependence of the forward energy density in PbPb collisions atradic
s=276 TeVCMS-PAS-HIN-12-006
Run II data analysesI Measurement of the inclusive energy spectrum in the very forward direction in proton-proton
collisions atradic
s=13 TeV JHEP 08 (2017) 046I Measurement of the inelastic proton-proton cross section at
radics=13 TeV JHEP 07 (2018) 161
I Measurement of the energy density as a function of pseudorapidity in proton-proton collisions atradic
s=13 TeV arXiv181204095) new
I Measurement of the very forward inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions atradic
s =13 TeVCMS-PAS-FSQ-15-005
I Under construction The CASTOR very forward calorimeter of CMS (Run II performance)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 13 24
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Definition observables event categories and systematics
Energy Flow
Definition dEdη = 1
Nevtsum
i Eic(η)∆η
The correction factor c(η) tansforms det level measurement to particle levelI Accounts for pileup noise and correction detector to particle level
Systematic model dependence studied with 4 models
Event categoriesFour event categories studied using Hadronic Forward (HF) detectors (315 lt |η| lt 52)
I InelasticF Require maximal deposit HF gt5 GeVF Particle level require ξ gt 10minus6
I Non-single diffractive (NSD)F Fwd and bwd HF detectors both deposit gt5 GeVF Particle level particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
I Single diffractive (SD)F Fwd (bwd) HF detector deposit gt 5 GeV veto bwd (fwd)F Particle with E gt 5 GeV in fwd (bwd) HF acceptance veto bwd (fwd)
I Limiting fragmentationF Fwd and bwd HF gt 4 GeVF Particle with Egt 4 GeV in fwd and bwd HF acceptance
NB (ξ is max of M2xradics
M2yradics) Mx is mass system Fwd wrt largest pseudorapidity gap)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 14 24
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Results
Compare results to Cosmic Ray models (ratios only)Observe none of Cosmic Ray models describe all data Most pronounced at η = 45
Largest discepancies with SD measurement
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 15 24
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Results
Compare results to Pythia models (ratios only)Observe CUETP8S1 is in full agreement with data
Measurement suggests different η-dependence wrt generators
Note MPI interactions amount for approx 60 of energy flow for INEL and NSD-enhancedObserve SD rather insensitive
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 16 24
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Measurement of inclusive very forward jet cross section in p+Pb atradicsNN = 5 TeV arXiv181201691
Signals of nonlinear QCDAt very small momentum fractions x transition from dilute todense medium Nonlinear QCD behaviour expected
I Relevant to cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics
Saturation scale Q2s (x) asymp αsxg(xQ2
s )
πR2had
I Geometric interpretation gluons with area r2 asymp 1Q2 fill up thehadron area Fusion reactions (gg rarr g) expected when overlapoccurs
Saturation scale in ion asymp N13 larger than proton asymp 6 for lead
Forward low pt jets in CASTOR at CMSCMS equiped with CASTOR calorimeter
I measure jets with pT ge 3 GeV in minus66 le η le minus52rarr Unique at LHC
Analyse inclusive jet energy spectrum in CASTOR in p+Pbcollisions at
radicsNN = 5TeV
rarr Measurement potentially highly sensitive to saturationCircumvent adversities interpretation previous analyses
First jet measurement of CASTOR jets submitted to journal
ln(Q2)
ln(1
x)=
Y
Non
per
tubat
ive
QC
D
BFK
Lxg
propeα
sωY
BK
xg
propln
(Y)
Saturationscale
Q2s
DGLAP
DLL
xgprop eradic ln
(Q2 )ln
(Y)
Λ2QCD
Geo
Scalin
g
Geo
Scalin
gBK Qs(x) prop eλx
10minus7 10minus6 10minus5 10minus4 10minus3 10minus2 10minus1 100
x
10minus2
10minus1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
Q2
(GeV
2)
y=0
Q2s(p) KS
Q2s(Pb) KS
Q2s(p) Col Imp
Q2s(Pb) Col Imp
M (GeV)
10
50
100
1
HERA
LHCb (16 lt y lt 46)
ATLASCMS barrel (|y| lt 16)
CASTOR (48 lt y lt 62)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 17 24
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Strategy towards interpreting the data
Two saturation models using Hybrid factorisationHybrid factorisation for forward production
I Hard parton via collinear factorisation and DGLAP evolutionI Soft parton via unintegrated pdf and rcBK equation (linear and
nonlinear)
AAMQS model soft updf with Colour Glass Condensateassumptions Phys Rev D 94 (2016) 054004Katie KS
I Use Katie program for offshell matrix elements Comput PhysCommun 224 (2018) 371
I Interfaced with Kutak-Sapeta linear and nonlinear updfs Evolvewith extended BFKL and rcBK equation Phys Rev D 86 (2012)094043
Other event generatorsHijing Applies DGLAP parton evolution via Pythia Shadowingimplemented via suppression of nuclear gluon pdf Suppressedwith fit to nuclear sea quark DIS dataComputPhysCommun833071994EPOS and QGSJetII_04 Cosmic Ray modelsPhenomenological implementations of saturation
Nuclear modification ofstructure function from nuclearDIS data used by Hijing PhysLett B 202 603 (1988) ibid211 493 (1988)
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 18 24
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Source of systematic uncertainty
Sources of sysuncertainty (bymagnitude)
CASTOR energy scale 15 uncertainty
Model uncertainty
Alignment CASTOR known within 2 mm
Calibration procedure
Luminosity
Consequences jet matching procedureFor CASTOR can only match jets in φTwo profound consequences
I Broad response matrixrarr need regularisedunfolding
I Large mis and fake fractionsrarr substantialmodel dependence unfolding procedure
NB unfolding needs 100 (p+Pb) and 720(Pb+p) Bayesian iterations
Matched
CASTOR jet
η outside CASTOR
∆φ gt 05
[GeV]DetE500 1000 1500 2000 2500
[GeV
]G
enE
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
4minus10
3minus10
2minus10
=502 TeVNNs lt -52) p+Pb η(05) (-66 lt tanti-k
CMSSimulation
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 19 24
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
The unfolded Pb+p spectrum
ObservationsJet algorithm picks contributions beam remnant
Large sys uncertainty
EPOS and Hijing describe shape data reasonably well but norm is off QGSJet worstdescription data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 20 24
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
The unfolded ratio p+PbPb+p
Data-driven interpretation hardDivide results from different cms-frameacceptance
Ion debris and nuclear effects distortpicture
Optimal resolutionScale uncertainty partially cancels
Hijing describes shape well but normoff due to Pb+p
EPOS and QGSJet have wrong shapepartially describe data
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 21 24
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
Next stepsdiscussion
ModelsDiscrepancy between AAMQS and Katie non-linear predictions need clarification
I Dipole amplitude vs offshell matrix elements effect MPI hadronisation method
ShadowingI Currently implemented via fit to data in HijingI Estimate of magnitude effect important
Data-driven conclusion desirable but not straightforwardJets in CASTOR in p+Pb suffer from boost Canrsquot correctLogical next steps (input welcome)
I Analyse 5 TeV p+p reference runI Study centrality dependence (different dependence shadowingsaturation)I Study of dijets and correlation may enhance sensitivity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 22 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
CMS created new set Pythia tunesTuned to CMS underlying event data at 13 TeV
I Chraged particle density and pT sum in trans-min and trans-max regionsI As function of pT (via leading charged particle) of hard interaction and pseudorapidity
Pythia8 tunes CP1 CP2 CP3 CP4 CP5Fitted using following inputs
I CP1 NNPDF31 PDF set at LOI CP2 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP3 NNPDF31 PDF set at NLOI CP4 NNPDF31 PDF set at LO different MPI ISR FSRI CP5 same settings as CP4 but different ISR emissions ordered according to their rapidity
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 23 24
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-
CMS generator results GEN-17-001
Comparing energy flow distributionwith Pythia tunes
Pythia tunes CUETp8M1 CP2 CP4 CP5
All tunes describe data reasonably well
++
++
++
+
DataCP1+CP2
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
+ + + + + ++
35 4 45 5 55 6 65
06
08
1
12
14
|η|MCData
CMS preliminary
CP3CP4CP5Data
10 2
10 3
Energy flow inclusive selectionradics = 13 TeV
1N
dEd
η[G
eV]
35 4 45 5 55 6 6505060708091011121314
|η|
MCData
CMS preliminary
M van de Klundert (DESY Germany) 24 24
- Introduction
- Introduction
- Results
- Appendix
-