1 YN 10.10.2006

Role of Materials in Nokia´s R&D

Yrjö Neuvo

2 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Research impacts productsPower management

Battery life, charging, thermal durability

MaterialsStructural, functional,

optical, decorative

Cameras and optics

ElectronicsSemiconductors,

microelectromechanical components

Algorithms Signal processing, image

and sound processing

ProximityWLAN, Ultra Wideband,

RFID, Bluetooth

Voice & Video codecs

Improved quality

Software and Applications

Platforms, middleware, architectures

GSM/WCDMAStrong IPR portfolio

User experienceErgonomy, usability, user interfaces, user behavior,

security

MechanicsStructures, user interface,

mechanisms

3 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Materials technology in a key role

• Materials technology as a potential enabler for:• Enhanced user experience

• New functionality

• New form factors

• Improvements in production efficiency

• New solutions for energy management, data storage

• Need multi-disciplinary research• materials, mechanics, memory, electronics, energy

• Considerations for environmental sustainability, volume production

4 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Materials in Nokia : wide product portfolio

• Offers unique possibility for innovation• Wide area of needed innovations

• Technology variation• Metals : Ti, stainless steel, Al etc.

• Plastics

• Paints

• Fabrics & Leathers

• Decorations

7200

26506260 61706225

8910i

6820

7650

6260

32205140 62306630

5 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Materials research in products

Nokia 5140

• Integrated soft-hard cover

Nokia N90

• Materials for transformable mechanics

• High strength & accuracy, low friction

Nokia 7280

• laser patterned decoration

• half-mirror window

• thin rotator plate

6 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Multi-disciplinary research needed

Need research in multi-disciplinary areas• Materials technology • Novel manufacturing

technologies• Examples:

• Flexible/Printed electronics

• Nanotechnology

Drivers for future communication devices

• Enhanced user experience, new features/functions, design look & feel

• Small, compact, easy to use, easy to carry/wear

• Integration of electronics and mechanics for functionality and production

7 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

• Transformable devices• Slide, fold, twist• Flexible OLED displays, PWBs, batteries• Soft materials, textiles, smart fabrics• Washable materials

• Coatings• Scratch & abrasion resistant• Self-healing• Self-cleaning• Electrically conductive• Thermally conductive• Optical effects, changing colors

• Functional• Sensors• Actuators

Enhanced user experience, new functionality

8 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Miniaturization – Challenges for structural materials• Strong and tough structural materials

(thickness <0.5 mm)• Novel polymer composites (plastics

with carbon nanotubes or nanofibers)• Good heat transfer properties

• Hybrid materials (metal/plastic, ceramic/plastic)

• For high-quality feel

• Novel metal alloys (amorphous, nanocrystalline)

• Stronger than current metal forming methods

• Active support materials to protect electronics

• Shock absorption

• Water-proof

• EM shielding

Monoblock

Flexible

Max. Deflection vs. load

9 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Miniaturization – Challenges for structural materials• Mechanics contributing to thermal

management• Thermally conductive, easily

processable structural materials

• Thermal interface, heat storage & heat spreading materials

• Materials for optimal RF performance• High-performance dielectric/antenna

materials

PWB Design

PWB Prototype

PWB Simulation with temperature distribution

Experimental verification with IR camera

10 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Requirements for volume production

Environmental sustainability• No harmful substances• Biomaterials for lower CO2 emissions

and/or biodegradability• Easy disassembly/recycling of

products

Energy management• Usage demands more energy• Need for high energy density,

durability, safety• Explore alternatives

• New battery chemistry• Fuel cells• Alternative energy sources

Data storage• Usage demands more storage• Explore alternatives

• Nanotechnology• Optical

11 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

New technology?

Maturity?

Yield?

Time?

Materials in Nokia : Available Technology Portfolio

12 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Trends for Plastic Materials

• Raw Material shortage• Polymers from renewable raw materials will become important

• Current examples like• PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoate) grown in genetically modified corn plant leaves • PLA (polylactide) produced by the fermentation of sugars extracted from plants • PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) produced by bacteria.

• New synthesis methods of old polymers like PA11 will be established : example PA11 derived from castor plant–based renewable resources

• Protein polymers• Extreme mechanical properties • Protein polymers are synthetic proteins created "from scratch" through

chemical DNA (gene) synthesis, and produced in quantity by traditional large-scale microbial fermentation methods

• Through genetic engineering, it will be possible to tailor the physical structure and biological characteristics of protein polymers to achieve required properties

• Due to their synthetic design, protein polymers are capable of combining the biological functionality of natural proteins with the chemical functionality and exceptional physical properties of synthetic polymers

13 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Trends for Plastic Materials

• Tailoring of properties is made through additive technologies• Old property fine tuning with additives like internal lubrication, thermal

conductivity, and static dissipation• smart plastics with additives

• Tunable electrical properties• Polymer magnets• Shape memory plastics• Tunable friction properties

• Nano Technologies• …

• Biodegration• Controlled biodegradation will be used in many new applications

• Food preservation• Explosives• Security

14 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Metals

• Conventional crystalline metal atom structure (Long-range order and grain boundaries) will be dominant but special structures are under heavy development

• Amorphous metals• No long range order• No grain boundaries• Less formation of slip plane when be applied

a stress

• Magnetic Shape Memory• Paramagnetic parent phase• Ferromagnetic martensite• Different variants can be aligned with the

magnetic field to obtain quick and large shape changes

15 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Amorphous metal alloys

Amorphous alloy• It used to solidify the metal melt by ultra high cooling rate to obtain a thin band

with a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. When the cooling rate is larger than 106K/s, the metal band will have a non-crystalline structure which is named “amorphous” or “metallic glass”.

• Zr41.2Ti13.8Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 as one of the current alloys – development of alloys is proceeding fast

16 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Surface Treatments for New Effects• Surface Treatments and Effects

• Mechanical• Polishing• Brushing• Blasting• Coining• Combinations

• Chemical• Etching• Passivation (needed on cast components)

• Painting• Coatings

• PVD• Electroplating• Anodising• Sol-Gel• Thermal spraying?• Environmentally responsive coatings?

• Texturing• Rolling• Etching• Lasering

• Metal Mesh & Perforating• And any possible combination of different treatment.

• Fingerprint Protection• Easy to clean surfaces• Smart structures to ‘hide’ finger prints

17 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006

Metal Joining

• Metal to Metal• Mechanical methods

• Screws• Riveting• Mechanical locking

• Welding• Laser• Ultra sonic• Friction• Resistance Welding

• Soldering• Laser assisted?

• Adhesive Methods• Many different ones

• Metal to Plastic• Adhesives• In-mould

• Metal to other Materials• Fabrics• Leather• Wood

18 © 2005 Nokia YN 10.10.2006