soft ground tunneling through contaminated groundwater
TRANSCRIPT
55thth Annual Technical ForumAnnual Technical ForumGEOHAZARDS IN TRANSPORTATIONGEOHAZARDS IN TRANSPORTATIONIN THE APPALACHIAN REGIONIN THE APPALACHIAN REGION
Soft Ground Soft Ground TunnelingTunnelingthrough Contaminated through Contaminated GroundwaterGroundwater
Nasri Munfah P.E.Nasri Munfah P.E.andandSubal Sarkar P.E.Subal Sarkar P.E.Parsons Brinckerhoff, New York NYParsons Brinckerhoff, New York NY
August 3 August 3 –– 4, 20054, 2005
East Side Access ProjectEast Side Access ProjectConnection of the Long Island Rail Road Connection of the Long Island Rail Road to Grand Central Terminal in New Yorkto Grand Central Terminal in New York
$6.3 Billion Project$6.3 Billion Project
ESA Will Bring LIRR Riders Where ESA Will Bring LIRR Riders Where They Want to GoThey Want to Go
Penn Station on West Side is only Penn Station on West Side is only LIRR terminal in Manhattan LIRR terminal in Manhattan
Over 53% of LIRROver 53% of LIRR’’s current s current 240,000 riders into Penn Station are 240,000 riders into Penn Station are bound for destinations on the East bound for destinations on the East Side of ManhattanSide of Manhattan
Requires transfer to crowded Requires transfer to crowded
subways, taxi or 15subways, taxi or 15--20 minute walk20 minute walk
ESA will save 30 min/day for LIRR East Side customers
Project ComponentsProject Components
1,600ft
4,400ft
8,600ft 5,500ft
New LIRR Tunnels
Metro-North RailroadPark Ave Tunnel
NYCT 60th Street Tunnel (N and R)
In Manhattan: Tunnels and a In Manhattan: Tunnels and a New Rail TerminalNew Rail Terminal
Manhattan SegmentManhattan Segment
TBM Single Track
TBM Single Track
Cross-Over Caverns
Station Caverns 55th St Vent Plant
Wye Caverns
145 ft. at 2nd Ave125 ft. at GCT
38th St Vent Plant
53rd Street 57th Stre
et
60th
Stre
et
Grand Central TerminalGrand Central Terminal
GCT Station
ESA – GCT Caverns and ShaftsESA – GCT Caverns and Shafts
Grand Central Terminal CavernsGrand Central Terminal Caverns
Cross Section Looking North
Park Avenue
Vanderbilt Avenue
MNR Lower Level
MNR Upper Level
Cross Section Looking North
LIRR Mezzanine
Off Street Entrances
LIRR Concourse
EscalatorShafts
Terminal Caverns
UpperPlatform
LowerPlatform
Elevators
91’-0” 140’-0”FreightElevators
PassengerElevators
Grand Central Terminal CavernsGrand Central Terminal Caverns
10’-7”
13’-0”
9’-5”
27’-4”51’-11”
West Cavern East Cavern
Typical Section Thru Caverns
Grand Central Terminal - RenderingsGrand Central Terminal - Renderings
MidMid--Level MezzanineLevel Mezzanine
Lower Train RoomLower Train Room
Grand Central Terminal Grand Central Terminal -- RenderingsRenderings
Ticketing and WaitingTicketing and Waiting
Concourse and CirculationConcourse and Circulation
Progressing tunneling Progressing tunneling with minimal community with minimal community impactimpactCoordinating work in Coordinating work in GCT with MetroGCT with Metro--North North operationsoperationsMinimize impact on Minimize impact on NYCTA OperationsNYCTA OperationsNo Adverse Impact on No Adverse Impact on Existing Facilities Existing Facilities
Challenges in ManhattanChallenges in Manhattan
Maintain Business as UsualMaintain Business as Usual……
The Manhattan Segment The Manhattan Segment Was Subdivided Into Was Subdivided Into Seven Geotechnical ZonesSeven Geotechnical Zones
Geological ZonesGeological Zones
Tunneling in Manhattan
Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)Machine (TBM)Drill and BlastDrill and BlastRoadheaderRoadheaderCavern ConstructionCavern Construction
Initial SupportInitial Support
Rock Bolts and Rock Bolts and DowelsDowelsStraps, and MeshStraps, and MeshLattice Girders and Lattice Girders and ShotcreteShotcreteRibs and LaggingRibs and Lagging
Final LinerFinal Liner
Waterproofing System Waterproofing System Drained with PVC Drained with PVC MembraneMembrane
CastCast--inin--Place ConcretePlace Concrete
In Queens: Tunnels, Tracks and YardsIn Queens: Tunnels, Tracks and Yards
Track ATrack B/C
LIRR Lead
Track D
Honeywell StHoneywell St
3939 thth StSt
Mid
Mid
--Day
Sto
rage
Yar
d
Day
Sto
rage
Yar
d
Sunn
ysid
e Su
nnys
ide
Yar
dY
ard
TBM Launch Wall
Amtrak Bldg 3
Amtrak Bldg 4
TBMTBMCut & CoverCut & Cover
Westbound Bypass
Queens Project SiteQueens Project Site
39th Street39th Street
Queens BlvdQueens Blvd
Sunnyside YardSunnyside Yard
LIRR/Amtrak Main Line
LIRR/Amtrak Main Line
The Challenges in QueensThe Challenges in Queens
Tunneling Under The Busiest Rail Yard In The CountryMaintaining LIRR And Amtrak Service For Over 740 Trains Through HaroldTunneling Adjacent To Contaminated GroundTunneling In Mixed Face ConditionsTunneling In A Difficult Ground Under High Water TableProtecting Existing Structures
Queens TunnelsQueens Tunnels
Queens TunnelsQueens Tunnels
Queens TunnelsQueens Tunnels
Queens TunnelQueens Tunnel
Queens TunnelsQueens Tunnels
Queens TunnelsQueens Tunnels
Queens TunnelsQueens Tunnels
Queens Tunnels Geological and Queens Tunnels Geological and Hydrological ConditionsHydrological Conditions
Heterogeneous FillHeterogeneous FillGlacial Outwash Glacial Outwash Deposits Deposits -- BouldersBouldersGlacial TillGlacial TillCompressible Organic Compressible Organic SoilsSoilsMixed FaceMixed FaceRock Rock -- Gneiss Gneiss High Water TableHigh Water TableSoils and Groundwater Soils and Groundwater ContaminationContamination
Typical Boulders
Environmental ConditionsEnvironmental Conditions
Soil ContaminationSoil ContaminationPetroleum, Coal Ash, CinderPetroleum, Coal Ash, CinderLead, AsbestosLead, Asbestos
Ground Water ContaminationGround Water ContaminationVOC, SVOCVOC, SVOCPCBPCBBETEXBETEX
Existing Environmental ConditionsExisting Environmental Conditions
BTEX plumes
PCB Plume
VOC Plumes
VOC Plumes
VOC/SVOC Plumes
Hydrological Numerical ModelingHydrological Numerical Modeling
Design Phase Planning ToolDesign Phase Planning Tool–– 33--D Steady State Flow Model AnalysisD Steady State Flow Model Analysis–– Sensitivity AnalysisSensitivity Analysis–– Correlation with Field ObservationCorrelation with Field Observation–– Estimate potential effects of construction on Estimate potential effects of construction on
contaminant plumescontaminant plumes–– Permit application preparationPermit application preparation
ResultsResults–– Drawdown is Limited to 2ftDrawdown is Limited to 2ft–– Hydraulic GradientHydraulic Gradient–– No Anticipated Movements of the PlumesNo Anticipated Movements of the Plumes
Results of Fate & Transport ModelingResults of Fate & Transport Modeling
Structural MeasuresStructural Measures
Cut and CoverCut and CoverSlurry WallsSlurry WallsCutoff Walls Cutoff Walls Jet GroutingJet Grouting
Bored TunnelsBored TunnelsPressurized Face TBMPressurized Face TBMPrecast Segmental and gasketed LinerPrecast Segmental and gasketed LinerAnnular groutingAnnular grouting
Instrumentation and MonitoringInstrumentation and Monitoring
Cut and CoverCut and Cover
Bored TunnelsBored Tunnels
A B/C D
Yard Lead
Section Through Launch Shaft : Rock/Soil Interface
Length of TunnelingLength of TunnelingSectionSectionLengthLength
TunnelTunnelLengthLength
Track ATrack A Glacial TillGlacial Till 2,180 ft2,180 ft 2,180 ft2,180 ftTrack B/CTrack B/C Glacial TillGlacial Till 1,739 ft1,739 ft
Rock & Mixed Rock & Mixed FaceFace 60 ft60 ft
Glacial TillGlacial Till 2,158 ft2,158 ft 2,218 ft2,218 ftRock & Mixed Rock & Mixed
FaceFace 415 ft415 ftGlacial TillGlacial Till 3,969 ft3,969 ft
10,523 ft10,523 ft 10,523 ft10,523 ft
4,384 ft4,384 ftYard LeadYard Lead
1,739 ft1,739 ftTrack DTrack D
Pressurized Face TBMPressurized Face TBM
Earth Pressure TBMEarth Pressure TBMSlurry TBMSlurry TBM
Slurry TBMSlurry TBM
Earth Pressure TBMEarth Pressure TBM
Tunnel LinerTunnel Liner
Precast Segmental Precast Segmental Gasketed LinerGasketed LinerAnnular GroutingAnnular GroutingCaulking and Caulking and SealingSealing
Segmented Liner TunnelSegmented Liner Tunnel
Environmental MeasuresEnvironmental Measures
Structural Design to Minimize DrawdownStructural Design to Minimize DrawdownGround Water Treatment PlantsGround Water Treatment Plants
Sedimentation Tanks Sedimentation Tanks Oil/Water SeparatorsOil/Water SeparatorsFiltrationFiltrationFlocculatioCarbonFlocculatioCarbon AbsorptionAbsorption
Sampling/TestingSampling/TestingInstrumentation & MonitoringInstrumentation & MonitoringDisposalDisposal
Instrumentation and MonitoringInstrumentation and Monitoring
PizometersPizometersGround Water Monitoring WellsGround Water Monitoring Wells
ElevationElevationQualityQualityPotential Movement of the PlumesPotential Movement of the Plumes
Ground Water Sampling and TestingGround Water Sampling and TestingMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures
ConclusionsConclusions
StateState--ofof--the Art Design Conceptsthe Art Design ConceptsLatest Construction Techniques and Latest Construction Techniques and TechnologiesTechnologiesCareful Attention to Environmental IssuesCareful Attention to Environmental IssuesMeasures to Prevent Movement of PlumesMeasures to Prevent Movement of PlumesExtensive Monitoring and Instrumentation Extensive Monitoring and Instrumentation ProgramProgramSafe Guard of the Public Health and the Safe Guard of the Public Health and the EnvironmentEnvironment