sofia –status and context - nasa€¦ · sofia and origins space telescope • sofia is a warm...
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
SOFIA– StatusandContext
ErickYoungSOFIAScienceCenter
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
ScientificRationaleforSOFIA
• ThescientificrationalesforSOFIAandtheOriginsSpaceTelescopesharethesamefoundation.
• Mostoftheluminosityofstarformationregions,externalgalaxies,andcoolerobjectsintheuniverseisinfar-IRandSub-mmdustemission
• ThemostimportantemissionlinesresponsiblefortheenergybalanceoftheInterstellarMediumareinthefar-infrared
ThespectralenergydistributionoftheentireLMC,basedondatafromSpitzer,IRASandFIRAS(Bernardetal.2008).SEDSarefittedwiththedustyPDRmodelofGallianoetal.(2008).FigurecourtesyofGalliano.
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
SOFIAStratosphericObservatoryforInfraredAstronomy
• CollaborationbetweenNASAandDLR• Highlymodified747-SPaircraftwitha2.7-mtelescope• Fliesupto13.7km(45,000feet),above99.9%ofthewatervaporinthe
atmosphere• Suiteofinfraredimagersandspectrometers• Providesaccesstotheinfraredtotheworldwideastronomicalcommunity 3
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
SOFIAInstrumentComplementInstrument Description Coverage
EXES(Echelon-Cross- Echelle
Spectrograph)
High Resolution (R > 105) Echelle Spectrometer 5 – 28 µm
FIFI-LS(Field Imaging Far-Infrared Line
Spectrometer)
Dual Channel Integral Field Grating Spectrometer
42 – 110 µm100 – 210 µm
FLITECAM(First Light Infrared Test Experiment
CAMera)
Near Infrared ImagingGrism Spectroscopy 1 – 5.5 µm
FORCAST(Faint Object infraRed CAmera for
the SOFIA Telescope)
Mid-IR Dual Channel Imaging Grism Spectroscopy
5 – 25 µm 25 – 40 µm
FPI+(Focal Plane Imager Plus) Visible light high speed camera 360 – 1100 nm
GREAT, upGREAT(German REceiver for Astronomy at
Terahertz frequencies)
High resolution (R>106) heterodyne spectrometer; multi-pixel
spectrometer
1.25 – 1.52 THz1.81 – 1.91 THz
4.74 THzHAWC+
(High-resolution Airborne Wideband Camera-Plus)
Far-Infrared camera and polarimeter Five ~20% bands at 53, 63, 89, 154, & 214 µm.
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
KeyDifferencesBetweenSOFIAandOriginsSpaceTelescope
• SOFIAisawarmtelescope– ComparedtotheOriginsSpaceTelescope,thebackgroundfromthe
telescopeisveryhigh
• ThenumberofhoursperyearprovidedbySOFIAwillalwaysbelimited.
• SOFIAisoperatingnow• SOFIAinstrumentdevelopmentcantakeadvantageofthe
latestadvancementsintechnology.
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
GrowthinAstronomicalSensors
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
NewSOFIAInstrumentalCapabilities
• SOFIAisplanningonasteadycadenceofnewinstrumentalcapabilities– upGREAT 14-pixel(1.9THz)arraycommissionedin2016– HAWC+commissionedin2016– upGREAT 7-pixel(4.7THz)+14pixel(1.9THz)available2017– 4GREATcommissioningin2017– HIRMESanticipatedcommissioningin2019
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DDTDemonstrationObservationupGREAT[CII]Map
Integratedlineprofileovermappedregion.
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
HAWC+CommissioningObservation– W3Imaging(Raster&Lissajousmodes)
• preliminaryHAWC+imageofW3isshownbelow:
8
53μm
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
HAWC+ OrionMolecularCloud1
Note:Vectorsshowpolarizationdirectionbutnotamountofpolarization
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
HIRMESSynopsisHIgh ResolutionMidInfrarEd Spectrometer• HIRMESisadirectdetectionspectrometercovering 25to122
μm• TherearefourspectroscopicmodestoHIRME
– High-resmodeR~100,000– Mid-resmodeR~10,000– Low-resmodeR~600– Imagingspectroscopymode:R~2000
• TodeliverthemaximumsensitivityachievablewithSOFIA,HIRMESuses:– Backgroundlimitedbolometers– CombinationofFabry-PerotInterferometersandgratings
• Veryrapiddevelopmentschedule–CommissioninginSpringof2019
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
HIRMESInteriorandOptics
The Local Truth: Star Formation and Feedback in the SOFIA Era
Schematic Optical Path
\
SOFIA
Telescope Focus
Filter Wheel
Cold Stop
High-res FPI Wheel
Grating WheelStage 3
Camera
Detectors
Stage 3 Collimator
Stage 2 Camera
Stage 1 Collimator
Mid-res FPI Wheel
0.1 deg tilt
Low-res FPI Wheel
Stage 1 Camera
Stage 2 Collimator
Slit Wheel
HIgh ResolutionMidInfrarEdSpectrometer
KeyElements:16x64PixelTESBolometerArray
Low&MediumRes8x16PixelTESBolometerArray
HighResolution
GratingWheel
LowResolutionFabry-PerotMediumResolutionFPIHighResolutionFPI
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
PrincipalSOFIALegacies• PhysicsoftheInterstellarMedium
– EnergyBalanceinClouds– LifecycleoftheInterstellarMedium
• StarFormation– Physicsofstarformingfilaments– StarFormationinNearbyGalaxies
• SolarSystem– Highresolutionspectroscopyofplanets
• Venus– Highresolutionofcomets– AtmospheresofTrans-NeptunianObjects
• Far-InfraredCommunity– SOFIAprovidestheonlygeneralaccesstotheFar-Infraredforthe
foreseeablefuture
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
IRMissionCoverage
OST&Spica
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FIRSIG-OSTSplinterJanuary6,2017
https://www.sofia.usra.edu