sodium-potassium pump on wikipedia (landscape)

Na+/K+-ATPase From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from NaKATPase)

Na+/K+-ATPase (also known as the Na+/K+ pump, sodium-potassium pump, or simply NAKA, for short) is an enzyme (EC 3.6.3.9 (http://www.expasy.org/cgi-bin/nicezyme.pl?3.6.3.9)) located in the plasma membrane (specifically an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase). It is found in the human cell and is common to all cellular life.

Function

The Na+/K+-ATPase helps maintain resting potential, avail transport and regulate cellular volume.

Resting potential

See also: Resting potential

In order to maintain the cell potential, cells must keep a low concentration of sodium ions and high levels of potassium ions within the cell (intracellular). Outside of the cells (extracellular), there are high concentrations of sodium and low concentrations of potassium, so diffusion occurs through ion channels in the plasma membrane. In order to keep the appropriate concentrations, the sodium-potassium pump pumps sodium out and potassium in through active transport. As the plasma membrane is far less permeable to sodium than it is to potassium ions, an electric potential (negative intracellularly) is the eventual result.

Contents � 1 Function

� 1.1 Resting potential � 1.2 Transport

� 2 Mechanism � 3 Regulation

� 3.1 Endogenous � 3.2 Exogenous

� 4 Discovery � 5 Genes � 6 See also � 7 References � 8 External links

Flow of ions.

Alpha and beta units.

of 12Na+/K+-ATPase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2/17/2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase

The resting potential avails action potentials of nerves and muscles.

Transport

Export of sodium from the cell provides the driving force for several facilitated membrane transport proteins, which import glucose, amino acids and other nutrients into the cell. Translocation of sodium from one side of an epithelium to the other side creates an osmotic gradient that drives the absorption of water.

Another important task of the Na+-K+ pump is to provide a Na+ gradient that is used by certain carrier processes. In the gut, for example, sodium is transported out of the resorbing cell on the blood side via the Na+-K+ pump, whereas, on the resorbing side, the Na+-Glucose symporter uses the created Na+ gradient as a source of energy to import both Na+ and Glucose, which is far more efficient than simple diffusion. Similar processes are located in the renal tubular system.

Mechanism

� The pump, with bound ATP, binds 3 intracellular Na+ ions.

� ATP is hydrolyzed, leading to phosphorylation of the pump at a highly conserved aspartate residue and subsequent release of ADP.

� A conformational change in the pump exposes the Na+ ions to the outside. The phosphorylated form of the pump has a low affinity for Na+ ions, so they are released.

� The pump binds 2 extracellular K+ ions. This causes the dephosphorylation of the pump, reverting it to its previous conformational state, transporting the K+ ions into the cell.

� The unphosphorylated form of the pump has a higher affinity for Na+ ions than K+ ions, so the two bound K+ ions are released. ATP binds, and the process starts again.

Regulation

Endogenous

The Na+/K+-ATPase is thought to be downregulated by cAMP.[1]

Thus, substances causing an increase in cAMP downregulates Na+/K+-ATPase. These include the ligands of the Gs-coupled GPCRs.

In contrast, substances causing a decrease in cAMP upregulates Na+/K+-ATPase. These include the ligands of the Gi-coupled GPCRs. It should be noted that cAMP also acts as a second messenger causing an increase in protein abundance of Na-K-ATPase.



Exogenous

The Na+-K+-ATPase can be pharmacologically modified by administrating drugs exogenously.

For instance, Na+-K+-ATPase found in the membrane of heart cells is an important target of cardiac glycosides (for example digoxin and ouabain), inotropic drugs used to improve heart performance by increasing its force of contraction.

Contraction of any muscle is dependent on a 100- to 10,000-times higher-than-resting intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which, as soon as it is put back again on its normal level by a carrier enzyme in the plasma membrane, and a calcium pump in sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle relaxes.

Since this carrier enzyme (Na+-Ca2+ translocator) uses the Na gradient generated by the Na+-K+ pump to remove Ca2+ from the intracellular space, slowing down the Na+-K+ pump results in a permanently-higher Ca2+ level in the muscle, which will eventually lead to stronger contractions.

Discovery

Na+/K+-ATPase was discovered by Jens Christian Skou in 1957 while working as assistant professor at the Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus, Denmark. He published his work in 1957.[2]

In 1997, he received one-half of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase."[3]

Genes � Alpha: ATP1A1[1] (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A1), ATP1A2[2]

(http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A2), ATP1A3[3] (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A3), ATP1A4[4] (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A4). #1 predominates in kidney. #2 is also known as "alpha(+)"

� Beta: ATP1B1[5] (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1B1), ATP1B2 (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?match=ATP1B2), ATP1B3[6] (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1B3), ATP1B4 (http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?match=ATP1B4)

See also � V-ATPase � active transport

References 1. ^ Regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase anchored on membrane via its anchoring protein

(http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/279/5/C1516) Kinji Kurihara, Nobuo Nakanishi, and Takao Ueha. Departments of 1 Oral Physiology



� This page was last modified on 11 February 2008, at 21:38. � All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)

Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.

and 2 Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan 2. ^ Skou J (1957). "The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphatase from peripheral nerves.". Biochim Biophys Acta 23 (2): 394-401.

PMID 13412736 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13412736). 3. ^ http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1997/index.html

A pdf copy of the paper (reference 1) appears on http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/11/2170.pdf

External links � MeSH Sodium,+Potassium+ATPase (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Sodium,+Potassium+ATPase)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase"

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2008 | EC 3.6.3 | Transport proteins



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6 See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#See_also7 References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#References8 External links http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#External_linksedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=1resting potential http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resting_potentialvolume http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumeedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=2sodium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodiumpotassium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassiumintracellular http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellularextracellular http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellulardiffusion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusionion channels http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channelactive transport http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_transportaction potentials http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potentialnerves http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervemuscles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscleedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=3membrane transport proteins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_transport_proteinglucose http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucoseamino acids http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acidepithelium http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epitheliumgut http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gutsymporter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symporterrenal tubular system http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_tubular_systemedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=4

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NaKpompe-cycle.jpgATP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphatehydrolyzed http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrolyzed




phosphorylation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphorylationaspartate http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AspartateADP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphatedephosphorylation http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dephosphorylationedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=5edit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=6cAMP http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#_note-0Gs http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gs_alpha_subunitGi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi_alpha_subunitedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=7cardiac glycosides http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_glycosidedigoxin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digoxinouabain http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouabaininotropic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inotropeheart http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeartCa http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_in_biologysarcoplasmic reticulum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcoplasmic_reticulumedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=8Jens Christian Skou http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou1957 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957University of Aarhus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_AarhusDenmark http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denmark[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#_note-1Nobel Prize in Chemistry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#_note-2edit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=9ATP1A1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A1[1] http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A1




ATP1A2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A2[2] http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A2ATP1A3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A3[3] http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A3ATP1A4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1A4[4] http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1A4ATP1B1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1B1[5] http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1B1ATP1B2 http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?match=ATP1B2ATP1B3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP1B3[6] http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?hgnc_id=ATP1B3ATP1B4 http://www.genenames.org/data/hgnc_data.php?match=ATP1B4edit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=10V-ATPase http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-ATPaseedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=11^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#_ref-0Regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase by cAMP-dependent protein kinase anchored on membrane via its anchoring protein

http://ajpcell.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/279/5/C1516

^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#_ref-1PMID 13412736 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13412736^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NaKATPase#_ref-2http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1997/index.html http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1997/index.htmlhttp://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/11/2170.pdf http://jasn.asnjournals.org/cgi/reprint/9/11/2170.pdfedit http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=edit§ion=12MeSH http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_HeadingsSodium,+Potassium+ATPase http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=Sodium,+Potassium+ATPasehide javascript:collapseTable(0);v http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:ATPasesd http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:ATPases&action=edit




e http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:ATPases&action=editAcid anhydride hydrolases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_anhydride_hydrolasesATPases http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATPaseMenkes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP7AWilson http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson_disease_proteinCa+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_ATPaseSERCA http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERCAPlasma membrane http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane_Ca2+_ATPaseH+/K+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_potassium_ATPaseATP synthase http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP_synthaseH+ (F-type) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-ATPaseDynein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DyneinKinesin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KinesinMyosin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosinhide javascript:collapseTable(1);v http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Ion_pumpsd http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Ion_pumps&action=edite http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Ion_pumps&action=edition pumps http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_transporterCotransporter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CotransporterNa+/K+/2Cl- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na-K-2Cl_symporterNa/Pi3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium/phosphate_cotransporterNa+/Cl- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-chloride_symporterNa/glucose http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-glucose_transport_proteinsNa+/I- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-iodide_symporterCl-/K+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_45 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloride_potassium_symporter_5Antiporter (exchanger) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiporter




Na+/H+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-hydrogen_antiporterNa+/Ca2+ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium-calcium_exchangerNa+/(Ca2+-K+) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium-dependent_sodium-calcium_exchangerCl-/HCO3- (Band 3) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_3Cl-formate exchanger http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl-formate_exchangerCl-oxalate exchanger http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl-oxalate_exchangerATP2A2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATP2A2Uniporter http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniporterHalorhodopsin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HalorhodopsinProton pump http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_pumphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na+/K+-ATPaseCategories http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CategoriesAll articles with unsourced statements http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statementsArticles with unsourced statements since February 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_since_February_2008EC 3.6.3 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:EC_3.6.3Transport proteins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Transport_proteinsDiscussion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Na+/K+-ATPaseEdit this page http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=editHistory http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase&action=historyLog in / create account http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&returnto=Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase

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