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Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle: The Big Three in Greek Philosophy Much of Western philosophy finds its basis in the thoughts and teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. You can't begin a study of world philosophy without talking about these guys: the Big Three ancient Greek philosophers. Socrates: Athens' street-corner philosopher Socrates was the big-city philosopher in ancient Athens. Accused and convicted of corrupting the youth, his only real crime was embarrassing and irritating a number of important people. His punishment was death. Famous quote: "The unexamined life is not worth living." Socrates didn't write books; he just liked to ask probing and sometimes humiliating questions, which gave rise to the famous Socratic Method of Teaching. This street-corner philosopher made a career of deflating pompous windbags. Plato: The philosopher who would be king An aristocratic man with plenty of money and a superb physique, Plato at one time won two prizes as a championship wrestler. Actually, the man's real (and little known) name was Aristocles; Plato was just a nickname given to him by his friends, whose original connotation made reference to his broad shoulders. Plato became an enthusiastic and talented student of Socrates and wrote famous dialogues featuring his teacher verbally grappling with opponents. Our wrestler believed in the pre-existence and immortality of the soul, holding that life is nothing more than the imprisonment of the soul in a body. In addition to the

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Page 1: Socrates

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle: The Big Three in Greek PhilosophyMuch of Western philosophy finds its basis in the thoughts and teachings of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. You can't begin a study of world philosophy without talking about these guys: the Big Three ancient Greek philosophers.

Socrates: Athens' street-corner philosopher

Socrates was the big-city philosopher in ancient Athens. Accused and convicted of corrupting the youth, his only real crime was embarrassing and irritating a number of important people. His punishment was death.

Famous quote: "The unexamined life is not worth living."

Socrates didn't write books; he just liked to ask probing and sometimes humiliating questions, which gave rise to the famous Socratic Method of Teaching. This street-corner philosopher made a career of deflating pompous windbags.

Plato: The philosopher who would be king

An aristocratic man with plenty of money and a superb physique, Plato at one time won two prizes as a championship wrestler. Actually, the man's real (and little known) name was Aristocles; Plato was just a nickname given to him by his friends, whose original connotation made reference to his broad shoulders.

Plato became an enthusiastic and talented student of Socrates and wrote famous dialogues featuring his teacher verbally grappling with opponents. Our wrestler believed in the pre-existence and immortality of the soul, holding that life is nothing more than the imprisonment of the soul in a body. In addition to the physical world, there is a heavenly realm of greater reality consisting in Forms, Ideals, or Ideas (such as Equality, Justice, Humanity, and so on).

As his crowning achievement: He wrote a famous treatise (The Republic) on the ideal society, in which he expressed the thought that a philosopher, of all people, who should be king (big surprise!).

Aristotle: A long walk to the Golden Mean

Aristotle was Plato's best student. He went on to become the very well-paid tutor of Alexander the Great — probably the highest paid philosopher in history. Aristotle started his own philosophical school when he was 50 years old. Although he lived only ten more years, he produced nearly a thousand books and pamphlets, only a few of which have survived.

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This great thinker was called a peripatetic philosopher (peripateo = "to walk around") because he liked to lecture to his students while taking a walk. Another group of philosophers were called stoics because they preferred sitting around on porches (stoa) when they shot the breeze.

A key theme in Aristotle's thought is that happiness is the goal of life. Aristotle was a good deal less other-worldly than Plato. He voluntarily went into exile from Athens when conditions became a bit politically dangerous for him, in his words, "lest Athens sin twice against philosophy."

The founder of logical theory, Aristotle believed that the greatest human endeavor is the use of reason in theoretical activity. One of his best known ideas was his conception of "The Golden Mean" — "avoid extremes," the counsel of moderation in all things.

Socrates, Plato, dan Aristoteles: The Big Three di Filsafat YunaniBanyak filsafat Barat menemukan dasar dalam pikiran dan ajaran Socrates, Plato, dan Aristoteles. Anda tidak dapat memulai studi filsafat dunia tanpa berbicara tentang orang-orang: Tiga Besar filsuf Yunani kuno.Socrates: Athena 'jalan-sudut filsufSocrates adalah filsuf besar-kota di Athena kuno. Terdakwa dan dihukum karena merusak pemuda, kejahatannya hanya nyata adalah memalukan dan menjengkelkan sejumlah orang penting. Hukumannya adalah kematian.Kutipan terkenal: "Kehidupan yang tak teruji tidak layak hidup."Socrates tidak menulis buku; dia hanya suka bertanya menyelidik dan kadang-kadang memalukan pertanyaan, yang memunculkan Metode Socrates yang terkenal Pengajaran. Ini jalan-sudut filsuf membuat karir dari mengempis windbags sombong.Plato: Filsuf yang akan menjadi rajaSeorang pria aristokrat dengan banyak uang dan fisik yang luar biasa, Plato pada satu waktu memenangkan dua hadiah sebagai pegulat kejuaraan. Sebenarnya, nyata (dan sedikit yang diketahui) nama orang itu Aristocles; Plato hanya julukan yang diberikan kepadanya oleh teman-temannya, yang asli konotasi dibuat mengacu bahunya yang bidang.Plato menjadi mahasiswa antusias dan berbakat dari Socrates dan menulis dialog terkenal menampilkan gurunya secara lisan bergulat dengan lawan. Pegulat kami percaya pada pra-eksistensi dan keabadian jiwa, yang menyatakan bahwa kehidupan tidak lebih dari penjara jiwa dalam tubuh. Selain dunia fisik, ada alam surga dari realitas yang lebih besar yang terdiri di Formulir, Cita-cita, atau Situs (seperti Kesetaraan, Keadilan, Kemanusiaan, dan sebagainya).Sebagai puncak prestasi: Dia menulis sebuah risalah yang terkenal (Republik) pada masyarakat ideal, di mana ia mengungkapkan pemikiran bahwa seorang filsuf, dari semua orang, siapa yang harus menjadi raja (kejutan besar!).Aristoteles: Berjalan-jalan ke Golden MeanAristoteles adalah murid terbaik Plato. Dia melanjutkan untuk menjadi guru sangat baik dibayar

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Alexander Agung - mungkin filsuf bayaran tertinggi dalam sejarah. Aristoteles mulai sekolah filosofis sendiri ketika ia berusia 50 tahun. Meskipun ia hidup hanya sepuluh tahun lebih, ia menghasilkan hampir seribu buku dan pamflet, hanya beberapa yang selamat.Pemikir besar ini disebut seorang filsuf yang bergerak (peripateo = "untuk berjalan-jalan") karena dia suka untuk kuliah kepada mahasiswa sambil berjalan-jalan. Kelompok lain filsuf disebut stoik karena mereka lebih suka duduk-duduk di beranda (stoa) ketika mereka menembak angin.Sebuah tema kunci dalam pemikiran Aristoteles adalah bahwa kebahagiaan adalah tujuan hidup. Aristoteles adalah kesepakatan yang baik kurang dunia lain dari Plato. Dia secara sukarela pergi ke pengasingan dari Athena ketika kondisi menjadi sedikit politis berbahaya baginya, dalam kata-katanya, "jangan Athena dosa dua kali terhadap filsafat."Pendiri teori logis, Aristoteles percaya bahwa usaha manusia terbesar adalah penggunaan akal dalam kegiatan teoritis. Salah satu ide yang terbaik dikenal adalah konsepsi tentang "The Golden Mean" - "menghindari ekstrem," nasihat moderasi dalam segala hal.