sociology a down-to-earth approach 8/e sociology chapter two culture this multimedia product and its...

SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e

SOCIOLOGYSOCIOLOGYA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/eA Down-to-Earth Approach 8/e

Chapter TwoChapter TwoCultureCulture

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James M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. HenslinJames M. Henslin

Chapter 2: Culture

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 2

Language, Beliefs, Values, Norms, Behavior

Passed from One Generation to the Next

Story in Morocco – unfamiliar territory

and universal norms

Material – Jewelry, art, buildings, etc.

Nonmaterial Cultures – beliefs, values, etc.

What is Culture?- Basics in Sociology

What is Culture?- Basics in Sociology

Chapter 2: Culture


Using your sociological imagination in culture

Meeting someone new and seeing the effects of a much different

culture

Internalization of our norms – eye contact, space, etc.

Culture Shock – When your material and non-material

fail you. The eerie feeling is culture shock. Ex. Pushing

Ethnocentrism – “Culture within us” - Positive/Negative

Culture and Taken-for-Granted OrientationsCulture and Taken-for-Granted Orientations

Chapter 2: Culture


Understanding cultures on their own terms

Not seeing the culture as inferior or superior

None of us can be entirely successful at practicing

cultural relativism. Strange foods. p.39

Evaluation through our lens.

“Sick Cultures” – Robert Edgerton - Lack of

enhancement in our lives

Confronting Contrasting Views of Reality

Practicing Cultural RelativismPracticing Cultural Relativism

Chapter 2: Culture


Symbol – something to which people attach meaning

and that they use to communicate

Gestures Using ones body to convey messages without words Gestures’ meaning differ among cultures Can Lead to Misunderstandings Looking like a Monkey – “Your momma is a whore” Left handed Americans

Components of Symbolic Culture or Non-Material CultureComponents of Symbolic Culture or Non-Material Culture

Chapter 2: Culture


Chapter 2: Culture


Language Because written language lacks subtle cues,

Emoticons – online use Provides social or shared past Provides social or shared future Allows shared perspective Allows complex, shared, goal-directed behavior Like Gestures the same sound in one culture is

entirely different in another

Components of Symbolic CultureComponents of Symbolic Culture

Chapter 2: Culture

Emoticons - Mike Jones Microsoft Programmer Emoticons - Mike Jones Microsoft Programmer

:-) Smile ;-)Smile with a wink

:<})User with mustache, smiling

:-|| Mad

:-)) Really happy :-D Big grin

:-* A kiss :' -( Crying

:-P~ A lick :-PSticking out your tongue

=8OBug-eyed with fright

:-~~~ Drooling

=:OFrightened (hair standing on end)

-:-)User sports a mohawk and admires Mr. T


Chapter 2: Culture


Language Has Embedded Within It Ways of Looking at the World

Sapir-Whorf Reverses Common Sense It is our language that determines our

consciousness Language both reflects and shapes cultural

experiences Ex. Goth’s, Jock’s

Language and Perception: Sapir-WhorfLanguage and Perception: Sapir-Whorf

Chapter 2: Culture


Values - What is desirable in life The standards at which we determine what is good or

bad

Norms - Expectations or rules for behavior “Should Do” Expectations in our societies

Sanctions - Reaction to following or breaking norms Positive Sanctions Negative Sanctions

Moral Holidays – Mardi Gras, Party Cove

Values, Norms, and SanctionsValues, Norms, and Sanctions

Chapter 2: Culture


Folkways - Norms not strictly enforced Walking on the right side of the sidewalk Holding a door

Mores - Core Values: We insist on conformity Taboo – Most extreme more Law

Folkways and MoresFolkways and Mores

Chapter 2: Culture


Subculture - A World Within the Dominant Culture

Example – Physicians Tens of thousands of subcultures

Some broad – Some specific Countercultures - Groups With Norms and Values

at Odds With the Dominant Culture Survivalists -a person who anticipates and

prepares for a future disruption Enthusiasts v. Gangs

Subcultures and CounterculturesSubcultures and Countercultures

Chapter 2: Culture


Values in U.S. SocietyValues in U.S. Society

Romantic LoveRomantic LoveDemocracyDemocracyScience and TechnologyScience and Technology

ReligiosityReligiosityFreedomFreedomEfficiency and Practicality

Efficiency and Practicality

EducationEducationHumanitarianismHumanitarianismActivity and Work

Activity and Work

Racism and Group

Superiority

Racism and Group

Superiority

Material ComfortMaterial ComfortIndividualismIndividualism

EqualityEqualityProgressProgressAchievement and Success

Achievement and Success

Chapter 2: Culture


Value Clusters – values that together form a larger whole

Hard work, education, efficiency, material comfort, and

individualism are bound together

Value Contradiction – to follow the one means that you will

come in conflict with another. Freedom, democracy applied

only to some groups. Women's Liberation, Racism, Sexism

“It is precisely at the point of value contradictions, then, that

one can see a major force for social change in a society.”

Values Clusters, Contradictions, and

Social Change

Values Clusters, Contradictions, and

Social Change

Chapter 2: Culture


Leisure Luxury Crusies

Self-fulfillment Self help movement

Physical Fitness Fitness centers, IE Curves For Women

Youthfulness Botox

Concern for the Environment

Emerging ValuesEmerging Values

Chapter 2: Culture


Culture Wars: When Values Clash Homosexuality

Value as Blinders – What is attainable? “Ideal” vs. “Real” Culture

Norms, values etc. that the group sees as ideal

However most people don’t reach these ideals, this is what sociologist call Real

Values and CultureValues and Culture

Chapter 2: Culture


Some Activities are Universal - Courtship, Marriage, Funerals, Games

Page 56

Cultural UniversalsCultural Universals

Chapter 2: Culture


Controversial View of Human Behavior

Biology Cause of Human Behavior

Charles Darwin and Natural Selection

Sociologists and Social Biologists on

Opposite Sides

SociobiologySociobiology

Chapter 2: Culture


The New Technology - New Tools

Cultural Lag and Cultural Change

Technology and Cultural Leveling

Technology in the Global VillageTechnology in the Global Village

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