CHAPTER - V

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF

W a m e r r ' s C o a t r i k a i o n 8 o b N l t i o a r S ~ i s v a y & . I h r ,

procassofsoonomicdevtlogmcnlwouMbc~crsd#dbopW~uroawn

arc sly iwolved in it.. Tbe involvarrcnt of womm pllitiaJIlrly m q k d b d d

n e i k ~ c c t a d w o m e ~ . l i k t ~ i s i t t n o s t i a r p w t w r I C i # ~ ~ r t W r

indusivt growth. 'lhar nxwromic cxmditioas ur largely infiuaasad by Wr social ud

economic conditions. An .nanpt is mdc in this dupa to d y a c the sodo

umomic ambt~ons of thc sunplc M I t h m m u in rhc study am. Such urrlysia wild

through Ii@t on the soclo o o ~ ~ ~ n i c back ground of rhc h i l i e s will have m

Important karrng an the waw levtl, cast of the living, incomr: and anptoyment of the

poor WOmaL

The rnniys~s of the Yaclo-coorramlr protile of the rasponticnu onvm oomc

vltd aspects such as mt~, educational status. fmily sax, housing d t t i a n s ;

dnnklng water santratrm facilhcs, c l d a t y oonnadran, 1 4 and liw stock mmd

by respondents. This analpls enables us to highlight that Jocio w m m i c cimditionr,

in finding soluttons ta h r pertinent problems.

5.1 CASTEWISE DISTRIBUTION

Caste IS being cons~dabd as me of the m a important utd oldest irratituticnrr

of Indian society. i t 1s an r#-nxptcd f a that h r caste ae a definite axid rnexhim

which helps an individd to intgnalillc rhe velue namrr Md bduviotal puttem

cmbeddcd in their ptmcular w e . Sacid restnuions on Wamcn, the ponplc's nation

about wornem and their prapa roles in d o m 4 c and ktm &muctic sphere me l q d y

dcpnvcd on the bass of their Bsdc ground thc caste wiw doraificuionr MIthrtnmrr

is presented in table 5.1.

Tdrrl - ------*-.- Sourn: Fidd data

S f CASTE-WISE DISTRIBIJTlON OF MATHAMMAS

The above table w a d s h~ more than 97 p# m t ~f the Mlldummrr ur

belonging to the schoddai caste (SC) cammunrty. The Muhrmrnrs bdonging

backward caste (BC) wrnmunity 2. t 3 pcr ocnt of the total Mathmums in the diraict,

Scheduled tribe (ST) md fwward caste (FC) farming a nomid dut is 0.36 p a c a t

csdr rcrpcct~vcly this analpis Jhows that most of fcfraduld astui have b#n

pnict~ccd the Mathammas ~ystan in dritrur drstnct. Thc poar annacrart and illilfflrte

famtlmi how arc affoded wth ill htalth and eprdrmtcs hrvc ddrcatad their c h i h

to t)K H~ndu dcvorm.

The sckdulcd castes who arr paor, rlliteratca d ~rtnaoent, m -ad ma md

untouchable Canmunltm. They have bean tnvolnng in mcnW jobs life .ovenghg

bunal, of dad bodta, sweeping ~f strecta. they w m qmcvcd of hurc rmariuer in

the villages amang the schcduld cad madaga and mala cummunataarr and b i d

and s p d througtr out the state. Sub cut wise dirtributrm sf t)# MIthrmmu io

&own in the table 4.2.

It is abborkd th# out of the ~ H U J 348 J4hkmnm 93.7 pa ant of

MsthwvrrPrmGwrrmdr@canmuruty ,3 .5percadrr r f iommr) r~ ty

dhobi and nddi aommMi~cs'miattc 1.43 pa oent and 0.86 pa cent tapsdivdy,

Ylmdimdrsdidconmwrrrit iertqrcaKnting0.29panaachofthcW

Tbat is no age limit fk b u n q i q hWhmnm Gcrrcnlly tbo prmntr

dadrcatc thar babies. Ekfm t h y clnm tiom tbc womb of their &. A h

The above bble shows that b u t 41 pa a n t of the sample hhhf lmu am

fmm the age gmup 35-45 years. 13 per cent arc tiom M o w 25 yam. The yuung

Mathammas forms about 39 p a cent ark fmm the alfc group of 25-35 yeam. Tbr

sample Mathammas in the age of abavc 46 per c a t arc 18.29 pct o a t . This uul*

shows that tbc middle aged Mathrrmmaj arc in majority cngngsd in Mathrmffur

r ~ o f t h e ~ t i e b w i t h w h i c b t b y Q a r i c b t b d r l i t a I n f r o t i t ~

thc qd i ty of murpawcr Educmd bimity I d , our will k! morc pmductiw d

The table above rrf lcct~ the educat~onal lev& of the rmpmdaU in dbc

dirtnd. More than 58 per cart of thc MathPmmre a h illitm!m, Ihe hig9rcrs numb

67 pcr cart of illi!aatcs arc f d In Chittoor rrvmuc diwrisn. Thc childm'rr sf the

poor &dad cast+ w a c away From scbola in thoK days, Ar they ware

uncle. 7hc dedicated d r i k m ' s were hwnilirtd in the h l r l o d h

hanjwrr wards. so That i i l t t m q war rampant among Mathommu tmong tk

litmates mom than 65 per cent of the Mathammas have duatbd lev4 first rtrndrrrd

to fiWl stmdard i.e., primrry abmt~on a d rbwt 21 pa oart hrvt &asd UppH

primary eduation. Only 4.42 per cad is ccmtpletd h i g h racordrry d b W b of

T*. 5.4 F.inftyrbrtdtLcbawtldulr#'-

- -

h w m 4 to 5 manbas in family / (42.531 1 (31.17) 1 (37.19) 1

Sourn: Field survey

It can be gccn h m the table above that Lhe strx of the fmily vanes bcrwbsn

one to scvcn manbcn. The majority per ten! of thc M.thunmrrr have family upc

M o w 3 m b e n and 37 pa cent of the Mathrrmmair haw the k i l y dtt in b

4 to 5 mcmbcn famlly wtth abow 5 m c i n h form pa cent thts urrJyrrs rhaw drrt

the mjmty of the respondents ( above 4 m c m b ) hnve got 1- size funiltcar of

M a w arc largdy found In T~npatht rcvembc d~wucm whac u lrrfpc size

famrl~a an avarlablt in Ctunoat d~wusn. It h didmutcntng to mtc W in spite of

gonmment eflims to prevent the poprlatton growth ttuasrgh h i l y platniq

p r o s r r m m c s b ~ S h Q w n u r y ~ m p e d o n ~ w ~ M d h a m m r u t n t S I c d ~ .

It is clear h tht table 4 thu the hddmmmar. who m living in the

backward d rrmocc d r of Chittoor d M d , we hnving )uSpe &at amilia.

E l s e t r i d t y i s ~ ~ b l o o d r a d i n p r o f t b b ~ ~ y . I I i $ # ~

~ r v h i c b b d f b r ~ d d v a l a p n s n t , ~ h q u i ~ ~ . . 60-

tbrrtinthczhdymrdyrbout61 p a c e n t o f t h c s u n p l a ~ k i M p r

dectriaty connchioa ux! ranah& 39 pr cent ae still mi- br. Tbiu w rt#

situation of sample !uMmms ia ntnl uas eat after63 ysrn of tndepcndsnca

The putlarlirs dating to the electricity #mnoctiw mdc to the sanplc Mlthwnrar,

rrr prcrcntad In table 5.5.

T a k $3

i Total

Soom: Field w c y

Only 55 pa cart of the m p l e Mn- have docxriftd bum in Chrttbor

revenue division bur about 67 pa cent h v c clactricity connastranr in f&rupUki

Mathwururr do not have eloctnaly In h r housa. Still they arc in dubs wilh

k a r n a ~ lamps. II shows that h e govanmcn~ has becn ncgloded tk wdl-king of tbe

Mathmmm in the distria. Hencc the govcmmem should makc some e f f i to

pow& damctty to the houses of the p x ~ md neglected familrer of M a h n n w in

1 1

Sourn: Ficld survey

Thc table above rcvcais lhal morc than 50 p a cart of thc sample Mlahrmunrs

have puca house& of chose 31 per cent of the purxr harucr ue built by drr

governma unda rrhatnlttrrtlan Pmgranimc and indhtnmmr hauri~ schtmw.14 plw

cart of the MsthammsJ arc hawng sum- plcca haws but lrbaut 35 pa ant rrr

i 1 w n g u r k u t c k a h o u s g . 1 9 p f f ~ o f t h f f n d a n o t M v c t h r c r r o w n ~ d t h y r s r

livtng in rented mhd houses. Though tht majority of sample M.thPmmu OWTI

housc?l the amdition of thciie hsuserr i s nol lutirfrctory. It may be duc the plor

aamomic andition of M-.

~ ~ ~ i t r r r o d ~ ~ ~ ~ B s a t h 8 n d

a f f i c l c m c y . ~ a e t b r a ~ o n t ~ f r b ; ~ & ~ o t h v e u F c ~ m e c r ~ t i s r

i aChi t toorM~thisMUdy.kwd38padof tkEl l lnrpCsMcdrmrmv

b r v r g o t u p w s t a ~ m d o d # s ~ 0 1 \ ~ 1 * b w c U 1 , & a b

pumps and supply of wata tmkas. it is i s t fiom the tiblo 5.7.

. T8bk!L7

Buic Amdtkr (Wkter), Render by Suaplt rsrpo#kab

----

Source: Ficld s u n q

Ir IS from the table above that the tughest sourrxsr af dnnktng w a t a is bar

we11 and hand pump sets which fiom 151.113 per cart of the tatsl drinkrqj wrtcr

fanlltlrs. the publrc tap AS bscn w v c d only about 32 pcr ca~ o f M-.

V a y few fmrlies of Mathammsrl, have for tndividd tap oonnadionr it shows rhrt

majority of the families h v e dtpad an .bore wdlr und hrnd pump which d w a p

gcttlng trouble. 7hc P d y a village sfficrala ncva hrvc &own wy cffbru to

rrpud borcwlecs wdr in two or Ihr# &yr. hh)csnty of umplc blsbmuu hrw

bear facing lot of p m b h s h n g to wafer in Chrtbor mmw &vitian where morr

division mapcity of ~~KIII me ImmgdK iadividtrrl ~rp amn&im And plMictrp.

On the rhok, the binting'wma Wliria re highly wmtisbaay in Chittoof

amditioas of tbc pboplc ud thc gp-policr#l taws& anployma oftbe ntni

for cooking and brig of wnta p u p m . Tht d m g d t i c m of rrrrrpla

Sourn: Field survey

The tables above clearly h w s hat 43 pcr cent af thc Sunglc Mllhrmmrr

have bten d q m k d on thc fimvd for coalring purposes Md 34 pa cart b v e boar\

UJbd gas suppiid by the government under deep m rrchcmc md mart of the

Mathsmmrrs (24 pa c a t ) using k a r m rupplid by thc filr pncc rshgpn under publtc

dwtribution system.

5.10 RATION CARDS POR PDS

Ratron carb arr mast importrnt for ge#tng 4il oommsbrticr like ria,

rcds ram, sugar. kaosarc d d b l e oils under a lot#rbad prim by tkc frit price

shopswrkrthcplMic,dubltnpiocl~ycrcmmtccrrbrrcirtrwdwIhcgoorpaoplc

r m d p n k ~ w ! g i v a r ~ d K ~ ~ . T h c ~ c u ) m r r l r t u r g t o t ) K d i f f f f c c n t r d i o

U d S of Mrtbrmmtr rrr dmwa in trMc 5.9.

Sourn: Fidd survey

The table above w e d s that SO pa cart of the srmple Mathunnw have the

whrte cards for whch 20kp o f rice will bc lpvcn rt fitc o f cost pcr month whcn w

36 p a cent have rcocivod noon cards urrder anthodtfl xhmc. I t dKIw that mjodty

of the sample Ma!harmm 1.c. 86 prr ccnt arc hrmfitcd by the govrmmmt. How-

more than 14 pcr car did not get ratton &. Indlcrtts thu ~cmrc sf the M m

arr denied the constitutional pmvrsirm.

5.1 1 OCCUPATIONAL STfRUCTURE O F MATHAMMU

The main role of Mahunma 1s to serve goddess by putidprtrnlt in

thc week long annual Mathainma fatrval p p l a r l y known as "kolupulu" the

daircatai girts' Mathammas are used to dancs: dunng thc fcstivdr msdly digiuul

festrvds. One villagcr treats as fr# maw1 objects, Thcy usai to sfYWing during

the femvds. 1.7oome from the h u n g i s mt sufiaart to wppofi their fmily.

Majority of than and d t n g out chor 1tvd~hm;l fmm agnculnnl labour ad

manual wage Cabow. The ddiant IS on the mxglfid structure are givm fn

table 5.9.

Soam: Fidd survcy

The table weals that thc majority 8 54 pcr ccnl of the um@c bhthmmm

haw been inwlvcd In cxrltintion ~ c u l t u n l and wage I r k . Abaut 52.13 pw amt

arc cngagcd in domcstic work as of the stmplc w m c n have bocn involved in the mlf

- employment actlvltra hke pdly W c d small bwm md tailoring mpectivrsty.

Pa cent of the Matbwnrnns tuv t engagcd In the rarlonng i chapplo stitching and

making aaivitia 5.48 pa cart than are in the prof- of tluh mdc whicb ir r#m

gainhrl. From dmly wage eamu families b v c started artroprncwfrl rdivitior in ehc

wining and otha s#vicca o f f d By the Jclf help ($#CIS) Wdr am

incmsngly oonc+mod wrth the dcvtlopnerrt of mqinrlitad and ntplsctsd womar

like Mathammas as enrrrprarturs. However some of thcre Mathrrrnmu bve born

tnvaiving m psbtutlon. Aboul 22.87 pa cent of Lhan ucc gr=tring incane korn

widows d hciplcss poar mior atim will k given 25kp sf rice per monih rt k c

of cost pmarlm of man cards gtvcn to t k sample M d m n m a ur shown in the

table 5.1 0.

5.12 DEBT POSi'rlON OF THE MATHAMMAS

Theidtutronr l fnmcworlr for thcrupplyofdt tothe~var l~holdr

in gcnarl and to M m in p.rtiarllu comprises dw: gPvcmmff# depatmM

cgmntivcintuitKms,aomsnqculbniudrclgonrlnualbmlu.&rlpirrrtdrir

r b a c P T d Y t n d i t j o M l ~ Y I t C c n d l t ~ f u c t , t n d K p r o * m d

~culturdnrony~bdertslandlord'snl.t ivadfi iadrrddbar.TIMc

The table mads that among the institutid a g d a like comrnordd bralcr

have h becomtng more and more t r n v t , mfw as the supply of c m h t fw the

devclo~mcnt of Mathammas canc#ncd. More than 37 pcr c-I of thr rcsp&tta

have the outstanding debt wtth the ~ummcrcid banks including wth Gnmlclenr bank.

The tndihtedness of Mathammas to the money I d e r r ; 1s high 22 p# mt whiar

compared with that of land lo& 4.27 pcr mr wha ur diil have domtnurt mk in

umuragrng rrnd maantarntng thc Marhammas cult. Tht reirttvtr md nd#tbaft have

also contnbutd fw the dcvelopncnt of the Mothammar .thts d y n r tdicutcs tkrt

the m p l e M a w are h a n l y depndent on the m inrtinatd d i ~ ycnacs,

It is found that more than 94 pa cent of rhe samplc Mothrmmu unda tbc

srudy arc bwdcncd with debts. The exm~ of i ~ ~ ~ ' af Mllhrmmu nnpd

From a small mount of Rs. 900 w highea a m t af Rs. 38500, It is 8brwv#l ttut

about 17 per mt of M a t h m a s deht muntcxt to lcss t h ~ ~ Rs ,MBO u Shawn in

Thc h~ghest numben of Mathammas i.c. 35 pa c a t have deb( b o c n h.

$001 to Rs. 1l)Ooo. 25 percent an having (he debc dcrwrm RS. 10001 k~ h. Im d 18 per cent have to dcbp worth above Rs. ISMX), 11 shows lhrl 8 M d a r b l c

6 pa a n t arc not indebted to any soume.