Socio – economic impact and its assessment in ICZM

Presented

By

P.RAJARAJAN

Socio-cultural & Economic assessment

• understanding of socio-economic incentives at the local level in suggesting alternative income-generating programs;

• the simpler the national rules the better they are understood and followed on the local levels;

• the capacity of the community to regulate its own activities and uses;

• to enforce local rules is an important determinant of perceived management success

• Socio-economic status of a group closely linked to the adaptive capacity of that particular group.

Impact assessment

• assessing the coastal zone vulnerability to various activity impacts; interactions between uses and resources; a tool to help making decisions and evaluate options for the mitigation and environmentally sound management (e.g. spatial and use conflict analysis, GIS models); based on the best available knowledge and acknowledging uncertainties;

Main sources of impact

• Residence in the coastal zone

• Fisheries and aquaculture

• Shipping

• Tourism

• Land-use practices (Agriculture, Industrial development)

• Climate change

Residence in the coastal zone

• People worldwide lives on the coasts

• The number and location of humans living in the coastal zone have profound effects upon marine and coastal ecosystems.

• Problems are sewage and waste disposal to the clearance of mangroves and littoral forest for human habitation

• integrated coastal zone management will meet the needs of the human population without damage to the environment.

Fisheries and aquaculture

• trawling and dragging destroy bottom habitats and deplete species populations

• Destructive fishing techniques –dynamite fishing and cyanide fishing

• not enough time for recruitment

• Impact on migration

Aquaculture

• Biological Pollution

• Fish for Fish Feeds

• Organic Pollution and Eutrophication

• Habitat Modification

• Chemical Pollution

Shipping

• Problems are Oil leaks from boat engines, and physical damage to the reef and seagrass and boat anchors also have a negative effect.

Tourism

• Most of the tourism is concentrated in coastal areas

• problem are pollution and human sewage and waste disposal.

• Other detrimental effects include the destruction of mangroves for development, which in turn causes siltation of coastal waters.

• ecotourism have the potential of becoming economic incentives to facilitate sustainable development and effective resource management in coastal areas

Land-use practices (Agriculture, Industrial development)• Shoreline construction, including

harbors, groins, channels, and the removal of beach sand that often goes along with these activities, interferes with natural coastal sediment transport processes.

Climate change

• Global climate change threatens coastlines and the buildings and cities located along them.

• Hundreds of millions of people around the world live in low–lying areas near the coast that could be flooded as the sea level rises.

• Rising sea level will also erode beaches and damage many coastal wetlands.

• Rising sea level and stronger storms caused by warmer oceans could completely wipe out certain beaches and islands.

Resulting problems

• Loss of marine resources due to destruction of coral reefs, overfishing

• Pollution of marine and freshwater resources

• Soil degradation and loss of land resources (e.g. desertification and salinification due to excessive water use, overuse of fertilizers, erosion)

• Air pollution

• Loss of cultural resources, social disruption

• Loss of public access

• Natural hazards and sea level rise

• Climate change

How to assess

Site suitability and use conflict analysisUtilization of practical information and field studies and combining

data with user activity to arrive at management Finding suitable sites for existing and potential use/activity in the

marine and coastal environment is one of the most critical challenges facing coastal planning and managementAnalytical Approach

Utilization of GIS models in relation with actual user activity on ground.

This would be off the field and may lead to better representation of resource, but less care for the stakeholders

Phase I

The most important step is to identify the environmental conditions necessary for each use/activity to succeed.

Based on extensive literature review and present knowledge, the environmental use suitability indicators (parameters or criteria), for activity to be long-term sustainable, can be identified and derived.

Phase II

GIS use-suitability modeling : Identification of areas in which environmental conditions for each specific use are found

This includes spatial analysis (aerial photos and satellite images); integration of GIS coverages(data layers) for e.g.: temp, salinity, bathymetry, water quality, substrate types, benthic biocenoses, slope, hydrology, geology-pedology, critical habitats and protected species/areas, etc.

GIS application of available environmental suitability indicators from developed protocols and evaluation of use suitability models;

Phase III

Identification and mapping of coastal, marine and land uses

Performing the GIS use conflict analysis and modeling (21 models); The goal is to identify areas that, although suitable for aquaculture on the basis of suitable environmental assessment (from Phase Two), may be less desirable due to incompatible uses that are present or planned (tourism, recreation, fishing, protection, agriculture, etc.)

Phase IV

Identification of all possible management issues that could be caused by or related to aquaculture development in certain area (includes local community knowledge and participation);

Assessment of existing policies, regulations and laws related to e.g. aquaculture, identify and characterize management issues and conflicts;

Analysis will incorporate socio-economic considerations, and each management issue will be presented with adequate management options and recommendation scenarios;