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SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
INFRASTRUCTURE IN PORT ST JOHNS
SOCIO-ECONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS FOR
PROPOSED SECOND
BEACH INFRASTRUCTURE
IN PORT ST JOHNS
11 October 2016
Urban-Econ ii 12-Oct-16
Document Information
Document title: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS
FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
INFRASTRUCTURE IN PORT ST JOHNS
Prepared by: Urban-Econ Development Economists
Contact details: 37 Hunt Road
Glenwood
Durban
4062
South Africa
Tel: +27 (0)31 202 9673
e-mail: [email protected]
Contact Person: Mrs Talia Feigenbaum
Prepared for: PRDW Consulting Port and Coastal Engineers
Contact Person: Mr Duncan Stuart
Contact details: Tel: +27 (21) 418 3830
Email: [email protected]
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5
1.1. Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 5
2. Socio-economic context ............................................................................................................. 5
2.1. Suitability of concept ................................................................................................................ 6
2.1.1. Needs ........................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1.2. Desirability ................................................................................................................................... 7
3. Economic Impact Modelling ....................................................................................................... 8
3.1. Capital and Operational Costs .............................................................................................. 8
3.2. Economic Impacts .................................................................................................................... 8
3.3. Input Output Model .................................................................................................................. 9
3.4. Impact on General Business Sales ........................................................................................ 10
3.5. Impact on Gross Value Added ............................................................................................. 10
3.6. Impact on Income .................................................................................................................. 11
3.7. Impact on Employment and Job Creation ........................................................................ 11
4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................... 12
4.1. SOCIAL IMPACTS ...................................................................................................................... 14
4.2. ECONOMIC IMPACT................................................................................................................ 17
5. Funding Options ........................................................................................................................... 20
5.1. Potential funding sources....................................................................................................... 20
6. Concluding comments............................................................................................................... 22
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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1. Introduction
This report has been developed to consider the related and anticipated socio-economic
consequences of the proposed beach infrastructure (tidal pools and related super and sub
structures) at Second Beach, in Port St Johns.
1.1. Contents
The report provides the following:
· A socio-economic context for the local study area setting out needs and desirability
associated with the proposed development
· Economic impact assessment of the proposed capex and opex spend
· A socio-economic impact assessment rating table to consider potential externalities
and mitigations.
· Potential funding sources for the capital
2. Socio-economic context
Port St Johns Local Municipality has a population of 162 200, the municipality falls within the
O.R. Tambo District which has one of the largest rural populations in the country with 1,4 million
people. In interviews with Municipal officials and tourism operators in the area it became
evident that second beach is a popular beach for not only Port St Johns residents but for the
regional centre of Mthatha. It is the closest and most easily accessible beach for the King
Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni, Port St Johns and Ingquza Hill Municipalities, connected via the
R61. Thus second beach serves not only the 162 200 people in the local municipality but an
additional 1 065 970 persons in the secondary area1.
Income levels in the area are exceptionally low. The average monthly household income for
PSJLM is R2,769 per month which is lower than that of the secondary study area at R3,948 per
month. Although income levels are low they are growing. Mthatha has a growing middle
income population and a growing population. The city has an annual population growth rate
of 1.6% which is aligned to national average. Improving household incomes are supporting a
growing working and middle class, who have disposable income to spend on transport and
recreation. Due to an increase in access to transport there is an easier access to the Port St
Johns and second beach.
1 Secondary area include King Sabata Dalindyebo, Nyandeni and Ingquza Hill local Municipalities.
Mthatha falls within King Sabata Dalindyebo.
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The population of PSJ is predominantly young with 40 % of the population below the age of 15
and 35% of age group between 15-34 years old. The high proportion of youth in the population
is in stark contrast to the lack sporting and recreational facilities. Education levels are low in
the region, the 1162 schools in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality are predominantly difficult
to access and without sporting facilities such as swimming pools. The District also has a lack of
swimming and water safety programmes in place. Literacy levels in the district are low 50%,
well below the national and provincial average. Low literacy levels will need to be considered
when designing water safety education programmes and signage.
Access to health care facilities is limited in the O.R. Tambo District Municipality, there is only
one hospital in Port St Johns Municipality servicing a population of 162 200 people. It is not
certain if this hospital is equipped to handle the influx of holiday makers in summer. The closest
private hospital is 100 kms away in Mthatha. Safety and security has been highlighted as a
major concern on Wild Coast beaches and especially second beach. Safety concerns include
issues around peak periods, such as crowd control, drinking in public, lost persons etc. More
law enforcement officers would need to be deployed to second beach over the weekend
and festive season. A mobile police unit stationed on the beach during these periods could
be considered. Then general safety of visitors and beachgoers throughout the year needs to
be prioritised as there have been a number of high profile violent incidents in the town. Police
enforcement would need to monitor the beach and town to respond and prevent violent
crime, theft and robberies on the beach and in the town. Police should be trained to assist
tourists in the event of an incident. There is only one police station in the Local Municipality and
thus it is assumed that it is over stretched already.
2.1. Suitability of concept
The backlogs in development in the region creates a significant number of challenges to
locating development in the local area. The region has a complete shortage of recreational
activities and facilities including public swimming pools and safe public beaches. This creates
pressure on the existing accessible beaches, which could be further exacerbated when
facilities and access are improved. Thus there is a need to consider a network of recreational
interventions especially in the secondary area to take pressure off second beach. This could
include a network of public swimming pools in the main towns in the secondary areas.
Access to water borne sewage in PSJ Municipality is extremely low at 3%. Environmental reports
indicate that there is a danger posed by effluent content in the rivers at second beach. Thus
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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any attempt to improve bathing conditions would need to include interventions to formalise
sanitation upstream.
At present the lack of safe bathing area is a major inhibitor for growing the regional Wild Coast
tourism industry. Shark attack reports and statistics of drowning or injuries are carried in media
reports and create a negative image of the area. The tourism sector in Port St Johns is small
and still underdeveloped considering the natural beauty on offer. Marketing of the area is
difficult until facilities and institutional structures are in place to safe guard residents and tourists
alike.
2.1.1. Needs
Second beach has been identified as the most accessible swimming beach for Port St Johns
town and for the wider secondary area. Other beaches in the study area have poor
accessibility, are in nature reserves or have been eroded as in the case of first beach. A tidal
pool within the river course would need to take consideration of river water emptying into the
tidal pool especially if there is a potential of effluent in the water. Some degree of
maintenance would need to be undertaken of the tidal pools, to prevent siltation, litter and
algae developing.
2.1.2. Desirability
The construction of a tidal pool offers economic benefits to the area, through the construction
and maintenance expenditure. Direct impacts during the construction phase would include
income to construction firm and construction employees, indirect impacts might include
purchases of local equipment and supplies. In the operational phase it would be
recommended that full time life guards are employed for the beach and tidal pool and that
the pool employ maintenance staff. Indirect economic opportunities might include better
tourism promotion of the area based on its safer swimming environment and this might improve
occupancy rates at local establishments and the number of products on offer. It could also
offer the opportunity for the development of social capital in the form of swimming clubs. More
intangible benefits afforded by the tidal pool could include swimming lessons for children and
adults and greater recreational opportunities for the residents of Port St Johns and further afield.
The types of facilities that would be necessary include life guard hut and offices, life guarding
equipment such as a jet skis and boats, mobile police trailer for peak periods, ablutions facilities,
outdoor showers and parking with designated bus and taxi parking areas. For year round law
enforcement on the beaches, a day light camera surveillance system could be installed at
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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the car park and key positions to monitor the beach from a control room. The beach would
need formalised sites for the sale of food and beverages and space for operators of water-
based activities. Other requirements include signage, rubbish bins and steps or a path to direct
access to the beach. Recreational facilities might include picnic and braai areas and benches.
A longer term project might involve a signposted scenic walkway connecting town with
second beach and further down the coast.
As indicated access to recreational and especially swimming pool facilities is next to none in
the primary and secondary study area. Thus the majority of beach patrons will have had
limited swimming experience. A programme to educate school children on beach safety in all
schools in the study area would be beneficial. The PSJ, KSD and Nyandeni Local Municipalities
should also investigate the investment in municipal swimming pools. The 2011 Sport and
Recreation Plan for South Africa identified as part of its Vision 2020: ‘Sufficient and accessible
sports facilities that are well maintained by Municipalities and fully utilized by communities.” A
key concept of this document was the ‘Active Nation’ with the indicator of percentage of the
population participating in sport and recreation. Another objective of the strategy was school
sport: ‘To maximise access to sport, recreation and physical education in every school in South
Africa.”
3. Economic Impact Modelling
3.1. Capital and Operational Costs
PRDW has provided a capital cost of R47m for the tidal pool development, with landside
capital of a further R30m. The proposed tidal pool would require an annual operational budget
of R2.5m. These figures exclude any escalations, contingencies or costs associated with
funding mechanism.
3.2. Economic Impacts
Economic impacts of the proposed development have been derived through the application
of the Input-Output (IO) table for the Eastern Cape.
Through the application of the IO Model, the following impacts have been determined:
- Impact on Business Sales;
- Impact on Gross Value Added;
- Impact on Income; and
- Impact on Employment and Job Creation.
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An estimation of the capital costs involved is given below:
Table 1: Estimation of capital costs
NAME OF COMPONENT TOTAL COST
CAPEX R 77 000 000
Source: PRDW (2016)
3.3. Input Output Model
Economic impacts refer to the effects on the level of economic activity in a given area as a
result of some form of external intervention in the economy, in this instance the development
of a tidal pool development and related landside access upgrades. Recent advances in
economic forecasting and modelling techniques consider not only the direct benefits of a
proposed project on its users, but also the projects wider impact on the general economy. The
economic impact in this regard is defined as the effect of the project on the level of economic
activity in the area surrounding the proposed development and the benefit to the local and
regional economy such as the generation of additional jobs, business sales, and/or disposable
income. In order to quantify the effects of the most likely economic impact of a new business
two types of economic impacts can be measured namely direct and multiplicative impacts.
Direct impacts are created when a new business creates new jobs and purchases goods and
facilities to operate the new facility. The multiplicative effects can be grouped into two distinct
categories, indirect and induced:
- The indirect economic effects occur when the suppliers of new goods and services to
the new business experience larger markets and potential to expand. For the purposes
of this study, indirect suppliers include those industries who deliver goods and services
to first around suppliers of the businesses in the surrounding area. Both the direct and
indirect effects result in an increase in job creation and household income and this
increase allows households to increase their spending.
- Induced economic spending; The induced impacts are the impacts on goods and
services demanded due to increased expenditure by households from income earned
due to the project. Examples include the income of employees, as well as the income
arising through the backward linkages of this spending in the economy.
This subsection illustrates economic impacts felt during the construction of the potential
development. These impacts are short-term impacts, which occur while the development is
being built.
The economic effects may be viewed in terms of a change in:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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- Job creation;
- Value added (Gross Geographical Product)2;
- Personal income (including wages)3; and
- Business output (or sales volume).
3.4. Impact on General Business Sales
As a result of the increased economic activity that will result from the proposed development,
there will be an increase in business sales in the region. The result for business sales from the
input-output model are presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Input Output Results on New Business Sales4
TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT
Construction R 187 323 668 R 77 000 000 R 110 323 668 Source: Urban-Econ estimates (2016)
The capital expenditure of the proposed development will lead to the direct expansion of
business sales (production) by R77 million. It is expected that the increase in direct business
sales will have positive spin-off effects on supporting businesses, for example, sub-contractors
and suppliers of construction equipment and materials. A total of R187.3 million in new business
sales will be generated as a result of the direct and indirect impact of the developments
capital expenditure.
3.5. Impact on Gross Value Added
The capital expenditure for the proposed development will impact on the gross geographic
product of the region. The results for gross value-added or Gross Geographic Product (GGP)
from the input-output model are presented in the table below.
2 Value Added (which is normally equivalent to Gross Domestic Product or Gross Regional
Product) is an ideal measure of the real net impact of a project. This measure essentially reflects
the sum of wage income and corporate profit generated in the study area and in today’s
increasingly global economy is widely used in analysis of this nature.
3 Aggregate personal income rises as pay levels rise and/or additional workers are hired. Either
or both of these conditions can occur as a result of business revenue growth. As long as nearly
all of the affected workers live in the Study Area and sub-region, this is a reasonable measure
of the personal income benefit of a project or program.
4 For the purposes of reporting, the indirect and induced impacts have been summed and
included as Indirect Impacts within tables 2-5.
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Table 3: Input/output Results – Gross Value Added
TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT
Gross Value Add R 62 256 927 R 22 971 747 R 39 285 181 Source: Urban-Econ estimates (2016)
In total, an estimated additional R62.2 million will be generated in gross value added or GGP
into the region as a result of the capital expenditure of the proposed development. Of this,
R22.9 million will be directly added and R39.2 million will be indirect.
3.6. Impact on Income
The capital expenditure of the proposed development will impact positively on worker
incomes; this is shown in Table 4.
Table 4: Input-Output Results on Worker Income
TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT
Income R 24 874 547 R 9 760 705 R 15 113 842 Source: Urban-Econ estimates (2016)
Additional worker income generated as a result of the construction phase of the development
is totalled at R24.8 million. Direct wages (derived from on-site jobs) is estimated at R9.7 million.
This will significantly increase disposable incomes. The indirect wage increase from secondary
inputs is estimated at R15.1 million.
3.7. Impact on Employment and Job Creation
Any proposed development is expected to result in job creation. There are two types of jobs
created in such a project; firstly, those short-term jobs associated with the initial construction
phase, and secondly, long-term jobs created as a result of ongoing operations. The impact on
employment from the input-output model is presented in Table 5 for the capital expenditure.
Table 5: Input-Output Results – Employment Opportunities
TOTAL DIRECT INDIRECT
Employment 290 99 191 Source: Urban-Econ estimates (2016)
The input-output model suggests that a total of 290 employment opportunities will be created
as a result of the capital expenditure of the proposed development. When calculating
employment figures in the input-output model, the model converts total man hours into jobs
or employment opportunities. Therefore, the development generates 290 employment
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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opportunities over the construction period. However, it must be noted that the construction
period of the development will require a number of contractors to complete the development.
It is estimated that a number of contractors may be required, each with a complement of staff
and sub-contractors/suppliers required to do the work.
4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT
In order to quantify the impacts, an impact rating model is undertaken which provides an
assessment of each impact in terms of its direction (positive or negative), extent, intensity,
duration, and probability of occurrence. The first step involves arriving at a consequence score
by totalling the score for the extent, intensity and duration. The table below displays the rating
system.
TABLE 6 CONSEQUENCE SCORE RATING � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ! � � � � � � � � � � � "# � � $% � � & � � ' � � � " � � � � � ( � ) " * � � � � + , � � � � ( � " ( � � � - ./ � � 0 � � � � � � � � � � + , � � � 1 � 2 � � � ( 3 ) � � � � � � � � * - 4� � � � � 5 � 6 � � � � ! � 7 8 9 : ; 8 < : = > ? 8 < 8 @ A B 8 : C DE F G ? : H ? 9 8 : C I : J H K A L ? 8 : > M H N O : J H 8 K @ A < : 8 ? ; H B A : 8 N ? : N : J H 9 H ? 9 8 : 8 P 8 : C N O : J H ; H < H 8 P 8 ? L H ? P 8 ; N ? K H ? :Q R S T UV R W X A : > ; A B A ? M Y N ; 9 N < 8 A B O > ? < : 8 N ? 9 A ? M @ ; N < H 9 9 H 9 A ; H ? H L B 8 L 8 Z B C A B : H ; H M [\ T ] ^ _ ` X A : > ; A B A ? M Y N ; 9 N < 8 A B O > ? < : 8 N ? 9 A ? M @ ; N < H 9 9 H 9 < N ? : 8 ? > H A B Z H 8 : 8 ? A K N M 8 O 8 H Ma A C bc ^ d e X A : > ; A B A ? M Y N ; 9 N < 8 A B O > ? < : 8 N ? 9 A ? M @ ; N < H 9 9 H 9 A ; H 9 H P H ; H B C A B : H ; H M Df F 7 > ; A : 8 N ? I : J H : 8 K H O ; A K H O N ; a J 8 < J : J H 8 K @ A < : a 8 B B Z H H g @ H ; 8 H ? < H MQ R S T Uh e R i j k j T i ` l @ : N b C H A ; 9 [\ T ] ^ _ ` kj T i ` b : N [ m C H A ; 9 bV R S d k j T i ` = N ; H : J A ? [ m C H A ; 9 D
Each consequence score relates to a consequence rating, which is displayed in the following
table.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH
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TABLE 7 CONSEQUENCE RATING n R ` o ^ S T ]p q R i T r s t u t n v w k x y k z { | } ~ k �f N ? 9 H � > H ? < H; A : 8 ? L X N :9 8 L ? 8 O 8 < A ? : � H ; C B N a � N a = H M 8 > K � 8 L J � H ; C � 8 L J
Once a consequence rating has been assigned to each impact, a probability rating needs to
be applied to each impact. This represent the expected probability of each impact occurring.
The table below displays the breakdown for each probability rating.
TABLE 8 PROBABILITY RATING � i R o � o ^ � ^ j � R � j e T ^ ` � � q j r � ^ � T � ^ e R R ] R � j e T ^ ` � � q j R q q _ i i ^ S d v� ` � i R o � o � T � � U � < J A ? < H N O N < < > ; ; 8 ? L� i R o � o � T � U � I � U � < J A ? < H N O N < < > ; ; 8 ? Lc ^ d e � � � i R o � o � T � � U � I � U � < J A ? < H N O N < < > ; ; 8 ? L� T � ^ S ^ j T � � U � < J A ? < H N O N < < > ; ; 8 ? LGiven that each impact now has been assigned a consequence rating and a probability
rating, the significance of each impact can be calculated. The table below displays the
significance rating system used to arrive at the significance of each impact.
TABLE 9 SIGNIFICANCE RATING h ^ d S ^ � ^ q � S q T � � j ^ S d n R S p T � _ T S q T h q R i T � � i R o � o ^ � ^ j � R � ^ ` � � q j R q q _ i i ^ S d� S p ^ d S ^ � ^ q � S j � H ; C � N a � G K @ ; N Z A Z B H� H ; C � N a � � ; N Z A Z B H� T i � V R W � H ; C � N a � � 8 L J B C � ; N Z A Z B H� H ; C � N a � 7 H O 8 ? 8 : H� N a � G K @ ; N Z A Z B H� N a � � ; N Z A Z B HV R W � N a � � 8 L J B C � ; N Z A Z B H� N a � 7 H O 8 ? 8 : H= H M 8 > K � G K @ ; N Z A Z B H= H M 8 > K � � ; N Z A Z B H\ T ] ^ _ ` = H M 8 > K � � 8 L J B C � ; N Z A Z B H= H M 8 > K � 7 H O 8 ? 8 : H� 8 L J � G K @ ; N Z A Z B H� 8 L J � � ; N Z A Z B Hc ^ d e � 8 L J � � 8 L J B C � ; N Z A Z B H� 8 L J � 7 H O 8 ? 8 : H� H ; C � 8 L J � G K @ ; N Z A Z B H� H ; C � 8 L J � � ; N Z A Z B H� T i � c ^ d e � H ; C � 8 L J � � 8 L J B C � ; N Z A Z B H� H ; C � 8 L J � 7 H O 8 ? 8 : H
The following tables display the results of the impact assessment model.
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5. Funding Options
Funding of capital projects is more readily available than the funding of supporting programmes
and operational budgets, and it is really all three that are required in order to make this proposed
development a success. Funding options to subside the running costs typically include admission
charges, sponsorship and advertising, naming rights, the operating of concessions, club fees,
event hire etc. are unlikely to succeed in this locality given high levels of poverty and the low
immediate market density.
Income streams to the municipality from operation of onsite concessions are a good possibility.
5.1. Potential funding sources
The following table provides some options and criteria for funding: < = > ? @ A B = C A D E C F G H I J K L M N K O J P Q R S T C F U A U T C VW X Y S < S Z [ K P \ ] \ ^ _ ` J a b K ^ \ ]c P K ^ K d b Pe J f J ] K I d J ^ Q g [ ` c eh i ^ _
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À ~ r x o n � v ~ x m v ~ z ~ t p � q s m r { Ò² v o w m p x r x y z x � m m x x y m ´ ² � ²v m � q ~ v m � m t x r � ± u v o w m p x � q r x } m t m v z x m z� z l o q v p o t x m t x o n z x � m z r x � � Ú o n x y m x o x z �u v o w m p x p o r x �Ò ² v o w m p x r x z v } m x ~ t } v q v z � z v m z r �Ò | y m u v o w m p x r � q r x q t � o p � x y m x o q v ~ r �u o x m t x ~ z � z t s m p o t o � ~ p u o x m t x ~ z � o n z tz v m z z t s � q r x ~ � u v o � m x y mp o � u m x ~ x ~ � m t m r r o n ° o q x y ± n v ~ p z t x o q v ~ r �~ t s q r x v � �Ò ² v m n m v m t p m n o v n q t s ~ t } ~ r } ~ � m t x ou v o w m p x r � y m v m x y m z u u � ~ p z t x Ù � o p z �� q t ~ p ~ u z � ~ x � o v u v o � ~ t p ~ z � s m u z v x � m t x ~ r� ~ � � ~ t } x o p o � n q t s z u v o w m p x z t s u v o � ~ s ml q � � r m v � ~ p m r x o z u v o w m p x �Ò ² v o w m p x r � q r x l m r q u u o v x m s l � x y mv m � m � z t x u v o � ~ t p ~ z � x o q v ~ r � } o � m v t � m t xs m u z v x � m t x z t s � q r x l m ~ t p � q s m s ~ t x y m» ¯ ² o n x y m � o p z � � q t ~ p ~ u z � ~ x � �Ò ± v m u o v x o t x y m � z t z } m � m t x �~ t r x ~ x q x ~ o t z � z t s o u m v z x ~ o t z � r x v q p x q v m rz t s u v o p m r r m r Ö � y o � ~ � � o u m v z x m z t s� z t z } m x y m u v o w m p x u o r x µ ¯ | n q t s ~ t } ÛÒ ± v m u o v x o t x y m o � t m v r y ~ u r x v q p x q v m � z r� m � � z r p z u z p ~ x � z t s m � u m v x ~ r m o n x y mo � t ~ t } z } m t p � x o o u m v z x m x y m u v o w m p x u o r xµ ¯ | n q t s ~ t } Ö � y o � ~ � � o � t x y m u v o w m p xo t p m ~ x ~ r p o � u � m x m s z t s � y z x ~ r x y mp z u z p ~ x � z t s m � u m v x ~ r m o n x y m o � t ~ t }z } m t p � x o � z t z } m x y m u v o w m p x ÛÒ � o � � q t ~ x � l m t m n ~ x Ö Á o � � ~ � � x y mp o � � q t ~ x � l m t m n ~ x n v o � x y ~ r u v o w m p x ÛÒ » t x y m p z r m o n ~ t n v z r x v q p x q v m u v o w m p x r �u v m n m v m t p m n o v n q t s ~ t } ~ r } ~ � m t x o u v o w m p x r� y m v m x y m n o � � o � ~ t }~ t n o v � z x ~ o t Ù s o p q � m t x r z v m r q l � ~ x x m s z ru z v x o n x y m z u u � ~ p z x ~ o t {Ò ± n m z r ~ l ~ � ~ x � r x q s � v m u o v x p o � m v ~ t } x y mp o � � m v p ~ z � z t s n ~ t z t p ~ z � � ~ z l ~ � ~ x � o n x y mu v o u o r m s x o q v ~ r � u v o w m p x � � z v � m x z t z � � r ~ rv m u o v x � p o r x l m t m n ~ x z t z � � r ~ rÒ ± r r m r r � m t x z t s z � z ~ � z l ~ � ~ x � o n l q � �r m v � ~ p m r m � } � z x m v � r m � m v � m � m p x v ~ p ~ x � m x pÒ ´ t � ~ v o t � m t x z � » � u z p x ± r r m r r � m t x r x q s �z t s � m p o v s o n ¯ m p ~ r ~ o tÒ � � z v ~ x � o t � z t s o � t m v r y ~ uÒ ± u u v o � m s l q ~ � s ~ t } u � z t r z t s v m � z x m ss o p q � m t x z x ~ o t �
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROPOSED SECOND BEACH INFRASTRUCTURE
IN PORT ST JOHNS
22 | P a g e
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6. Concluding comments
As indicated in the socio-economic context, the community surrounding the proposed
development is experiencing a severe shortage in suitable recreational infrastructure, and this has
also impacted on the local areas ability to provide domestic and international tourists with
suitable attractions to retain tourism activity and thus concentrate further tourism rand spend in
this locality.
The development of the tidal pool will provide not only much needed recreational access and
safe bathing options, short term employment and skill transfer during construction but also longer
term economic opportunities in the form of back of site concession opportunities, additional taxi
trade and the potential for a sense of place established for both the local community and the
province as a driver of future tourism spend.