SOCIALIZATIONclass XInternational Islamic High SchoolInternational Islamic Education Council

DEFINITIONSocialization is the process of learning the roles, statuses, and values necessary for participation in social institutions.It begins with learning the norms and roles of our family and our subculture and making these part of our-self concept. Socialization can be defined too the process of transferring some ideas or suggestion from society to the member of society.

STAGES OF SOCIALIZATIONPlay Stageis a learning process of peoples role around them that occurs during early childhood. Game StageIn this stage, children not just realize their role but they understand the others role who they interact with. Generalized OthersIn this stage, children can interact with society and taking the others role widely / generalized others, not only significant others.

THEORIES OF SOCIALIZATIONLooking-Glass SelfCharles Horton Cooley (1902) provided a classic of how we develop our self-concept. The looking-glass self is the process of learning to view ourselves as we think others view us. Role Taking George Herbert Mead argued that we learn social norms through the process of role taking. Role taking involves imagining ourselves in the role of the other in order to determine the criteria others will use to judge our behavior.

FORMS OF SOCIALIZATIONPrimary Socializationis personality development and role learning that occurs during early childhood. It occurs first and it is most critical for later development. During this period, children develop personality and self-concept, acquire motor abilities, reasoning, and language skills, and are exposed to a social world consisting of roles, values, and norms.Anticipatory/ Secondary Socialization is role learning that prepares us for roles we are likely to assume in the futureResocializationResocialization occurs when we abandon our self-concept and way of life radically different one. He/ She realize his/ her right and liability.

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATIONFamilyThe most important agent of socialization is the family. Our parents are our first teachers. The activities required to meet the physical needs of a newborn provide the initial basis for social interaction. Feeding and diaper changing give opportunities for cuddling, smiling, and talking. These nurture activities are all vital to the infants social and physical development; without them, the childs social, emotional, and physical growth will be stunted. SchoolsThe central function of schools in industrialized societies is to impart specific skills and abilities necessary for functioning in a highly technological society. They also transmit societys central cultural values and ideologies.

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATIONPeersPeer-group membership places the child in a social context where much of the learning that takes place is informal and voluntary. It is the first agent of socialization that the child actively chooses. Mass MediaThe most important mass medium for socialization, however, is television. The effect of television viewing on learning is vigorously debated, and the evidence is somewhat contradictory. Through a process of selective perception, we tend to give special notice to material that supports our beliefs and self-concept and to ignore material that challenges us.

AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATIONReligionIt is an important source of individual direction. The values and moral principles in religious doctrine give guidance about appropriate roles and behaviors. WorkplaceThe environments in which we work, however, are very different. Kohn and his associates research, indicates that the nature of our work affects our self-concept and behavior. If your work demands flexibility and self-discipline, you will probably come to value these traits-at home, in government, and religion. If your work requires subordination, discipline, and routine, you will come to find these traits natural and desirable (Kohn & Schooler 1983).