social work skills first meetings reflection of feelings paraphrasing questioning clarification...
TRANSCRIPT
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Social Work Skills
First MeetingsReflection of FeelingsParaphrasingQuestioningClarification Partializing SummarizingSilencePrompts Sharing Information Confrontation Attending Behaviors
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Preparing for Client Meetings
Agency Decor Interviewing spaces should
be welcoming Interviewing spaces should
reflect the cultures of the clients served
Organizing the physical environment
First Impressions are Lasting
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Interview Settings
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Preparing
Preparing Skills-Preparatory Reviewing
-Preparatory Exploring
-Preparatory Consulting
-Preparatory Arranging
-Preparatory Empathy
-Preparatory Self-Exploration
-Centering
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Physical Proximity
In what ways does physical proximity impact the client/SW communication ?
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Prompts
Encourages the client to say more
Verbal and nonverbal tactics Not asking directly for more
specific content Gesturing/Minimal
utterances often picking up on the client’s last remarks
Signals the SW’s close following of the story and interest in details
NONVERBAL PROMPTS Leaning forward Maintaining eye contact Nodding of the head Hand Gestures
VERBAL PROMPTS
“And then……?”
“Anything more….?”
“Mm hmm.”
“Uh huh”
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Skills in the Work Phase
Contracting begins with:– Clarifying Purpose – Clarifying Role– Reaching for Client
Feedback
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First Meetings
Identify yourself Invite client to introduce
themselves Discuss time frame Explain the Limits of
Confidentiality Discuss purpose/roles Opening Lines
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Contracting/Developing a Working Agreement
Notice that the conversation appears relatively informal
Does the SW clarify the issues for work?
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Reflection of Feelings
An exploration of client’s affective (feeling) responses
Capturing the emotion expressed and reflecting it back
Restating and exploring client emotion
Reflecting both verbal and non verbal messages
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Conveying Empathy
Putting Oneself in the Client’s Shoes
Understanding what the client is experiencing
Experiencing what the client is feeling
Conveying Empathy– Postures– Gestures– Sounds/Words– Behaviors
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Exploration
Engaging client in a mutual exploration of the person-situation situation
Encouraging the client to share information, thoughts, and feelings about themselves
Results in greater self-exploration on the part of the client
Exploring the past, present, & past status of the issue
Skills for Exploration– Asking questions– Seeking clarification– Reflecting content– Reflecting Feelings &
Meanings– Partializing– Going beyond what is said
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Exploration in Action
Observe the manner in which the SW gets Lily to offer more detail about her situation.
Notice how the SW uses the skill of clarification
– “What makes them perfect?”
– “Particular Imperfections?”
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Paraphrasing/Reflecting Content
Rephrasing/restating client’s message Communicating an understanding of the
client’s message Allows client to hear the essence of his/her
statement Avoid repeated use of the same lead-in
phrases– Example: “You’re saying that…..”
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Questioning
Closed-Ended questions usually answered in a few short words
Open-Ended questions invite exploration from client’s perspective
Avoid “WHY” questions and Double Questions
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Clarification
Used when SW is unclear about what client is saying
Encourages client to be clear about what they are truly feeling and expressing
Clarifying a value or incomplete client experiences, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors
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Partializing
A problem management skill Breaking down complex
problems into smaller more manageable proportions in order to address one part at a time
Conveys to the client that problems are manageable
Accomplishing small step builds client confidence
Focuses on the work, not on pathology that exists in the client
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Summarizing
Identifying ideas, themes, and patterns that have been addressed or learned and reflecting these back to the client
A form of reflection in which the SW sums up what has been discussed and reflects these back to the client in a condensed form
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NonVerbal Communication
Up to 65% of communication is nonverbal
Reading between the lines
Putting into words what the client is Communicating but
NOT saying
Assessing the client emotion that is being communicated INDIRECTLY
Observe:– Physical appearance– Body posturing– Gestures & movements– Facial expressions
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NonVerbal Communication Sends Important Indirect Messages
Communication without using words
Body language, behavior (failing to take next steps, missing appointments)
How do you determine the meaning behind the indirect communication?
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NonVerbal Communication
Observe Lily’s hand gestures Notice the change when she
talks about a favorable experience
What is Charles communicating with his crossed arms?
Your thoughts about the SW’s analysis?
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Use of Silences
The art of knowing when to be quiet/ when to break the silence
The timing of being silent as an intentional response
Identifying the meaning behind the silence
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Attending Behaviors: Physical & Psychological
What do you notice about the SW’s physical posturing?
What is the client communicating with his physical behaviors?
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Sharing Information
Relevant to client’s immediate needs
Not intended to “lead” clients Client should be free to
accept/reject the information Related to the working contract When sharing worker’s opinions,
identify these as your own opinions, feelings, beliefs, values, rather than fact
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Information Sharing and Rehearsing Action Steps
Providing advice/
recommendations Empowering clients to
act on their own behalf Rehearsing the steps
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Disclosing Personal Information to Clients
Should the SW disclose personal information?
Should the SW share personal feelings and thoughts with clients?
Is revealing oneself “unprofessional”?
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Self Disclosure
When used properly, can strengthen worker/client relationship
Boundaries for sharing worker’s feelings Spontaneous and unchecked expression of
worker’s feeling should be avoided Some worker feelings should never be
expressed
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Encouraging Specific Behaviors
Influencing the client to do things differently Balancing client self-determination against
paternalism
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Confrontation/Reflecting Discrepancies or Inconsistencies
Effective within a trusting relationship
Addresses the illusion of work
Typical for client to be unaware of discrepancies until brought to their attention
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Challenging client’s patterns of inconsistent thinking and behaving
What was the benefit of confronting Lily about her intentions vs. actual behavior?
Observe how the SW manages Charles’ defensiveness and challenges
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Indirect References/Moving from the General to the Specific
Issues raised indirectly may need to be directly discussed
Reaching for specifics behind general client statements
Making the connection that the client alludes to-- but is unable to express directly
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Affirming Client Strengths
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Resistance
Communicated verbally & nonverbally
Reading & exploring the resistance
Resistance to being helped Resistance to changing old
habits/holding on to what is comfortable & known
Can be a sign that the work is going well
Resistance to ending the relationship
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Termination and Endings
Can be both Client initiated and/or Worker initiated
Reasons for Terminating:
– Work completed– Worker leaving agency– Client moving– Death of client/worker– Lack of progress– Financial reasons