social studies eoct test reviewbufordmilestones.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/4/1/... · key civil war...
TRANSCRIPT
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SOCIALSTUDIESEOCTTESTREVIEW
ImportantPeople-Events-Concepts
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NewFrance
• Quebec• Fur• Fish• Trade
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MercanGlism-Theoryofsetwealthintheworld.Putsemphasisontheneedformoreexportsthanimports
• Wealthfromthecoloniestothemothercountry
• Gold• TriangularOrtrans-AtlanGctrade
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POWHATAN
• NATIVEAMERICANLEADER,FRIENDand
• ENEMYOFTHESETTLERSOFVIRGINIA
• Virginiaprospered–tobacco
• JamestowncolonywasestablishedtomakeaProfit
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NATHANIELBACON
• —LEDREBELLIONOFPOOR
VIRGINIANSWHOWANTEDLANDANDPROTECTIONFROMINDIANS
Bacon’sRebellion
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Dutch
• NewAmsterdam• Trade• HudsonRiver• BecomesNewYorkConqueredByGB
• NYC-Intheearly1800’sTheErieCanalwillconnectNYC(AtlanGc)totheGreatLakes
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Pennsylvania
• WilliamPenn• Quakers• Verytolerantofothers
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MiddlePassage
• AfricatotheNewWorld• SlavestoNorthAmerica• AcrosstheAtlanGc• Deadlyjourney
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GreatAwakening
• Religiousrevival• Returntopu_nganimportanceonReligion
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Puritanchurcheslosingmembers
• Half-wayCovenant• MakesitlessstringenttoBecomeachurchmemberAllowedchildrentobecome“parGal”members
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ProclamaGonof1763
• StoppedcolonistsfromcrossingtheAppalachianMountains
• AeerFr/IndWar• AgreementbetweenGBAndNaGveAmericansItAngeredColonists!!
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THOMASPAINE
• ENLIGHTENMENT• -WROTETHEPAMPHLET
COMMONSENSE–• PERSUADEDCOLONISTS
TOBREAKAWAYFROMGreatBritain
• AiackedKingGeorgeIII
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JohnLocke
• Socialcontracttheory• Naturalrights(life,liberty,andproperty)• CiGzenshavetherighttoreplaceagovernmentthatisabusive
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THOMASJEFFERSON
• GETSIDEASFROMSOCIALCONTRACT-THEORY(JohnLocke)
• WROTEDEC.OFIND.• COMMITTEESOF
CORRESPONDENCE• 3RDPRESIDENT• LOUIS.PURCHASE
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BENJAMINFRANKLIN• AMERICANDIPLOMATTO
FRANCEDURINGAMERICANREVOLUTIONAFTERSARATOGAhe
convincedFrancetoassist• “RENAISSANCE”MAN• ENLIGHTENMENT• SOCIALMOBILITY
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MARQUISDELAFAYETTE• FRENCHMILITARYGENERAL
HELPEDCOLONISTINAMERICANREVOLUTION
• VALLEYFORGE• Washingtonand
LaFayeietrainedColonialsoldiersduringharshwinter
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GENERALLORDCORNWALLIS
• BRITISHGENERAL• SURRENDEREDTO
G.WASHINGTONATYORKTOWN
• BriGshweresurroundedbyFrenchNavybyseaandColonialandFrenchTroopsbyland
• TreatyofParis1783EndsRevoluGonaryWar
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ArGclesofConfederaGon
• ARTICLESOFCONFEDERATION(GovtduringandaeerRevWar)
Couldn’ttaxorcontroltrade
(weaknaGonalgovernment)
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SHAYSREBELLION• FARMER(DANIELSHAYS-
LEDREBELLIONAGAINSTMASSACHUSETTSGOVERNMENTOVERTAXES
• DROUGHTS• FARMERSCOULDN’TPAY
MORTGAGEANDWERELOSINGFARMS
• Mass.MiliGaputdownrebellion,butotherstatesweren’taspowerful
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FEDERALISTSWantedastrongNaGonal
Government• Supportedthe
ConsGtuGon• AlexanderHamilton• LeadingFederalist• AUTHOROFFEDERALIST
PAPERS(PersuasiveessaystryingtogainsupportfortheConsAtuAon)
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JAMESMADISON
• FATHEROFCONSTITUTION
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AnGFederalists
• AnG–FederalistsfearedastrongFederalGovernmentanddemandedtheBillofRights
• BillofRights-1st10amendmentstoconsGtuGon(Guaranteedpersonalfreedoms)
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USConsGtuGon
• 3/5’sCompromise-Slaverycompromise5slaves=3people
• GreatCompromise-RepresentaGonoflargestates(VirginiaPlan)basedonpopulaGonandsmallstates(NewJerseyPlan)-1state1vote– Developedabicameral(2house)legislature(Senate2perstate–HouseofRepsbasedonpopulaGon)
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GeorgeWashington
• FirstPresidentundernewGovernment• Served2terms(setprecedent)unGlFDR• WarnedagainstpoliGcalparGesandforeignalliances
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JOHNADAMS
• 2NDPRESIDENT• DIPLOMAT• NON-INTERVENTIONInEuropeanWars(FrenchandBriGsh)
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LouisianaPurchase&LEWISANDCLARK
• ThomasJefferson(3rdpresident)purchasedlandfromFrance(Napoleon)for$15million
• DoubledsizeofUSA• LEWISANDCLARK
EXPLOREDNEWTERRITORY(LOUISIANATOPACIFICOCEAN)
• EXAMPLEOFMAINFESTDESTINY(OurGodgivenrighttotakeoverallwestwardterritory)
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Warof1812-USv.GB
• Causes• TraderestricGons• Blockade• Impressment(ForcingUSciGzenstobecomeBriGshsoldiers)
• BriGshIncitementofNaGveAmericans
• Landhunger
• Results(USAWins!!)• Pride• NaGonalism
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JAMESMONROE
• MONROEDOCTRINE-WARNSEUROPEANPOWERSTOSTAYOUTOFWESTERNHEMISPHERE
• NOMOREEUROPEANCOLONIESALLOWEDWHERETHEYDON’TALREADYEXIST
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ELIWHITNEY
• COTTONGIN• INTERCHANGEABLE
PARTS(Rifle)• Increaseincoion
producGon(increaseinslavery)
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ManifestDesGny
• ItwasourGodgivenrighttomovewest.
• Expandterritory• Spreadthegospel• Weweresuperior– Indians
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ELIZABETHCADYSTANTON
• ORGANIZEDSENECAFALLSCONVENTION1848
• WOMEN’SSUFFRAGE• BeginningofWomen’s
Right’sMovement
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ANDREWJACKSON
• COMMONMAN—JACKSONIANDEMOCRACY
• SUFFRAGE—MOREPEOPLEWEREABLETOVOTE(LieedpropertyrestricGons)
• IndianRemovalacts– Trailoftears
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ExpansionConflicts
• MissouriCompromise-1820– Missouri-SlaveMaine-FreeMasonDixonline
• Compromiseof1850– Calif.Free–PopularsovereigntyinWest– FugiGveslaveact
• Kansas-NebraskaAct– Popularsovereignty– “BleedingKansas”CrazyJohnBrown
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NatTurner• HeledaslaverebellionthattookplaceinVirginia1831.
• theSouthpassednewlaws
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WILLIAMLLOYDGARRISON
• WHITEABOLITIONIST• NEWSPAPER-“THE
LIBERATOR”
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FREDERICKDOUGLAS
• FORMERSLAVE• ABOLITIONIST–GAVE
SPEECHES
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JOHNC.CALHOUN-SouthCarolina
• NullificaGon-ofFed.Laws• Believedstronglyin
slaveryandstate’srights• Tariff1832
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DAVIDWILMOT(PROVISO)
• WILMOTPROVISO-• NOSLAVERYIN
TERRITORYTHATWEOBTAINEDFROMMEXICO–(Mex.AmericanWar)
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DREDSCOTT
• SLAVE-UNSUCCESSFULLYSUEDFORHISFREEDOM
• SupremeCourtProtectedslaveryundertheConsGtuGon
• territorycouldnotdenyslavery-MadeMissouriCompromiseillegal
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JOHNBROWN
• CRAZYWHITEABOLITIONIST
• WANTEDTOLEADASLAVEREBELLIONINHARPERSFERRY.SeizedtheFederalArsenal.
• RobertELeeCaughthimandhewasexecuted
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ABRAHAMLINCOLN• PRES.OFUS-1860• UNION-MOREINDUSTRY(RR)• GoalwastoHOLDTHEUNION
TOGETHER• GETTYSBURGADDRESS-2nd
INAUGURALADDRESS–saidnottoletthemenwhodiedtodieinVain
• ANTIETAM-BloodiestsingledayofbaileinCivilWar
• EMANCIPATIONPROCLAMATION-“Freed”slavesintheConfederacy
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SuspensionofHabeasCorpus
• DuringtheCivilWar,LincolnsuspendedmanyrightsandliberGesinordertosupportthewareffort
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ULYSSESS.GRANT
• COMMANDEROFUNIONARMY(CIVIL.WAR)
• VICKSBURGHERO• ACCEPTEDSURRENDER
OFLEE
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ROBERTE.LEE
• GENERALOFCSA(CIVILWAR)
• DEFEATEDATGETTYSBURG
• SURRENDEREDTOGRANTATAPPOMATTOX
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T.“STONEWALL“JACKSON
• LEE’S2NDINCOMMAND• BULLRUNHERO• DIEDAT
CHANCELLORSVILLEBATTLE
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WILLIAMSHERMAN
• MARCHTOTHESEA• BURNEDDOWNATLANTA• DESTROYED
TRANSPORTATION(R.R.)
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JEFFERSONDAVIS
• PRESIDENTOFCONFEDERACY
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KeyCivilWarBailes
• Ge#ysburg-– NorthandSouthfoughtinPennsylvania
– RobertELeeandtheSouthweredefeated
– HighcasualGes– Turningpoint
• Vicksburg-– FoughtalongtheMississippiRiver
– GrantandtheNorthwerevictorious
– SuccessfullydividedtheSouth
Ba#leofAtlanta– ShermanwonBaileandmarchedtothesea
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ANDREWJOHNSON
• IMPEACHED-B/COFVIOLATINGTHE“TENUREOFOFFICEACT”
• OPPOSEDTHERADICALREPUBLICANS
• ReconstrucGon
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Amendments
• 13thAmendment(FreedSlaves)• 14thAmendment(GaveCiGzenship)• 15thAmendment(VoGngRights)
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Si_ngBull
• Siouxleader• GhostDance• WoundedKnee• Si_ngBullandManySiouxkilled
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IndustrialGrowthLate1800’s
• Steel(Carnegie)-Railroads• NewimmigrantsSouthern-EasternEurope• EllisIsland(NYC)• Urbangrowth
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ThomasAlvaEdison
• “WizardofMenloPark”• Inventor• LightBulb• Electricityonagrid• Phonograph
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JOHND.ROCKEFELLER
• STANDARDOIL• TRUST• LEDTOMONOPOLY
– Controlsallaspectofamarket
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SAMUELGOMPERS• AMER.FED.OFLABOR• UNIONforskilledwhite
workers• Strikes_______________________• PullmanStrike-
EugeneDebsGovernment(President)
getsinvolvedtomakesuremailgetsdelivered
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EUGENEDEBS
• LeaderoftheSocialistParty
• ProtestedduringWWI• VIOLATEDTHE
ESPIONAGEACT• LedthePullmanStrike-
RR-Wages
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UPTONSINCLAIR
• WROTE“THEJUNGLE”• MUCKRAKERS• EXPOSEDHORRORSOF
MEATPACKINGINDUSTRY
• FDA
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IDATARBELL
• Muckraker–HelpedbreakuptheStandardOilTrust
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SpanishAmericanWar
ImperialismCubaRemembertheMainePhilippinesUS-WorldPower
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THEODOREROOSEVELT• ProgressivePresident• TrustBuster• HeroSpanishAm.War• PanamaCanal• ConservaGon-NaGonal
parks• RooseveltCorollary-US
wouldinterveneinLaGnAmerica
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USNeutralityandUnrestrictedSubmarineWarfareinWWI
• MostAmericansagreedthatweneededtoremainNEUTRALandnotgetinvolvedina“EuropeanConflict”
• UnrestrictedSubmarineWarfarebyGermany….wasthemaincauseofUSinvolvementinWWI
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WOODROWWILSON1916-Sloganwas“HeKeptusoutofWar”
• PRESWWI• 14POINTS-fourteenpoints
forpeaceaeerWWI• LEAGUEOFNATIONS-his
14thpt.AnAlliancegrouptomakesureWarneverhappenedagain
• WorldadoptsLON• USAdoesnotadopt
becausetheydidn’twanttobeGedinto“entanglingalliances”
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AMENDMENTS
• 18TH• MadeproducGon,sale,
anddistribuGonofalcoholillegal
• PassedbychurchesandImmigrantwomenwhowerege_ngbeatenbydrunkenhusbands
• 19th• GaveWomentherighttovote
• AeerWWI-becauseoftheassistancewomengaveduringthewareffort
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WagnerAct1935
• Madeitillegalforbusinessownerstopreventpeoplefromjoiningaunion
• Broughtbackindustrialunionism
• CollecGvebargaining
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RedScare-ImmigraGonRestricGon
• 1917RussianRevoluGonledbyLeninbringsCommunismtoRussia
• AsanaGon,wehadanintensefearandhatredofCommunism
• WelimitedimmigraGontopreventCommunistsintheUSA
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HENRYFORD
• ASSEMBLYLINE• MASSPRODUCTION• MODELT• Madetheautomobile
affordableforthemiddleclass
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RadioandMovies
• Entertainment• CommunicaGon
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LOUISARMSTRONG
• REVOLUTIONIZEDJAZZMUSIC“IMPROVISED”
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LANGSTONHUGHES
• POETOFHARLEMRENAISSANCE1920’S
• CREATIVITY• Oeendescribed
hardshipsofAfricanAmericans
• Readpoetrytomusicoftheera(Jazz)
• IrvingBerlinsongwriteratTinPanAlley
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HERBERTHOOVER
• PRESIDENTWHENGREATDEPRESSIONSTARTED(BLAMEDFORIT)
• HOOVERVILLES
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CausesoftheGreatDepression
• 1)OverproducGon• 2)UnderConsumpGon• 3)StockmarketspeculaGon
• Stockmarketcrashedwhenpricesdroppedandeveryonesoldtheirsharesandpulledtheirmoneyoutofthebanks
• DustBowl-landoverworkedanddroughtcausedtopsoiltoblowoffduringstorms
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FRANKLIND.ROOSEVELT
• PRES.DURINGTHEGREATDEP.ANDWWII• NewDeal-GreatDepressionprograms(TVA,CCC,AAA,SocialSecurity)
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EleanorRoosevelt
• WorkedforHumanRights--reform• HelpedstarttheUnitedNaGons• SocialAcGvist
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CourtPackingScheme
• FDRsaiempttoaddSupremeCourtJusGcestoprotecthisNewDealprograms.ItmetopposiGonandwasnotallowed
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NeutralityActs• UnderFDRinthe1930s,aseriesoflawstokeepusoutofWWII-makingitillegaltolendmoney,orassistanynaGonatwar
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AiackonPearlHarbor
• AiackedbyJapanonDec.7,1941…Adatewhichwillremainininfamy
• JapanwantedtotakeoutourNavalfleetinthePacificinHawaii
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JapaneseInternment
• AeerPearlHarborandourInvolvementinWWII,Japanese–AmericanswereroundedupinthewesternstatesandputintointernmentCamps
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Midway• TurningpointBaileinthePacific• TookoutkeyJapaneseAircraeCarriers• RetaliaGonforPearlHarbor(6monthsaeer)
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D-Day---InvasionofNormandy• Largestland,air,seainvasioninHistory• AlliesinvadedGermanforcesinNormandy,FranceonJune6,1944
• LedtotheliberaGonofFrancewithover1milliontroopsgoingthroughthebeachesofNormandy
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LosAlamos/AtomicBomb• ManhaianProjectwastheDevelopmentoftheAtomicBomb
• CreatedandTestedatLosAlamos,NewMexico
• TheprojectwasledbyRobertOppenheimer
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G.MARSHALL(PLAN)
• AidtoRebuildEuropeaeerWWII
• Billionsof$$$• FightCommunism
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HARRYS.TRUMAN
• INTEGRATIONOFMILITARY1948
• PRES.OFU.S.–DROPPEDTHEA-BOMB
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JOSEPHMCCARTHY
• REDSCARE• VIOLATIONOFRIGHTS• ACCUSEDGOVT.
OFFICALSANDOTHERSOFBEINGCOMMUNIST
• HewenttoofarwhenheaccusedtheArmy.SenatehearingsfollowedandtheyfoundthattheaccusaGonshadnomerit
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DwightD.Eisenhower
• CommanderD-Day• June6,1944• AlliedinvasionofNormandy,FranceinWWII
• Pres.• InterstateHighwayActwhichallowedpeopletomovetosuburbs(Leviiown)
• Sputnik(Spacerace)• RedScare
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CivilRights
• “JimCrow”• SegregaGonMadeConsGtuGonalByPlessyv.Ferguson• NAACP• Klan
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Civilrights#2• MLK• Ihaveadreamspeech-
WashingtonD.C.1963-InsupportoftheCivilRightsAct)
• LeierfromaBirminghamJail-SupporGngnon-violentprotest
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RACHELCARSON
• WROTE“SILENTSPRING”• 1962
ENVIRONMENTALIST• LEDTOBANNINGOF
SOMEPESTICIDES• DDT–killingbabyeagles
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TheWarrenSupremeCourt
• Socialchange• Brownv.Board-1954De-SegregatedSchools• Mirandav.Arizona-1977RightsreadtotheAccused
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VoGngRightsAct1965
• BannedLiteracyTestsandPolltaxes• MadeiteasierforAfricanAmericanstovote
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JFKAssassinaGon1963
• HewasTHECivilRightsPresident.KilledinDallasbyLeeHarveyOswald
• HisassassinaGonledtothepassageofthe1964CivilRightsAct
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LyndonB.Johnson• “GreatSociety”socialplayormwhichincludedaWarOnPoverty
• MedicarelongestlasGngcomponentoftheGreatSociety
• VietnamWar-JohnsonblamedforescalaGonoftheWar“Hey,hey,LBJ…Howmanykidsdidyoukilltoday?!!”
• TetOffensive-MajorturningpointinVietnamMajorOffensivebyVietcongonVietnameseNewYearshowedthattheenemywasnotclosetosurrender.TurnedAmericansagainstWar
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1968• MLKassassinatedbyJamesEarlRay(Memphis)• RobertFKennedyassassinatedbySirhanSirhaninCalifornia
• Violence,Riots,andprotestsattheChicagoDemocraGcConvenGon……caughtonTV!
• ProtestoftheVietnamWar• “TheWholeWorldisWatching!!!”
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CivilRightsOrganizaGons
• SCLC-SouthernChrisGanLeadershipConference foundedbyMLK(Nonviolent)
SNCC-StudentNonviolentCoordinaGngCommiiee playedamajorpartinthesitinsandFreedomRidesoftheEra.(MoreViolent)
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AnGVietnamMovement
• AsWarescalates,theAnGwarprotestsheatup– KentSt– AeerTetOffensive– In1972aeerAmericafindsoutaboutBombingraidsinCambodia
– MyLai
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SupremeCourtDecisions
• RoevWade–MakesaborGonLEGAL– VeryControversal
• Californiav.Bakke–allowsAffirmaGveAcGon– Jobs/enrollmentbasedonrace/gender– Percentages/quotas
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Nixon• ConservaGve-LessGovernment-lowtaxes• Watergate-Pres.NixoncoveredupabreakinattheDemocraGcNaGonalOffice,gotcaughtandresignedfromoffice
• OpenedupcommunicaGonbetweentheUSandCommunistChina
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JimmyCarter• CampDavidAccords-peacebetweenEgypt-Israel-MiddleEast
• IranianHostageCrisis-IrantakesUShostagesfromUSEmbassyinTehran.Keepsfornearly200days
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RonaldReagan• Reaganomics-Lowtaxes,protectwealthybusinessownerswhowillprovidejobsandsGmulatetheeconomy…..”trickledowneconomics”(ConservaGvePolicy)
• Iran-ContraScandal-ArmsforHostagesReagandeniedknowledgeCollapseofUSSR-Theycouldn’taffordtokeepupwithArmsRace
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BillClinton• Impeached
• Perjury-lyingaboutLewinskyaffair• NAFTA-NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreement– LessensrestricGonsbetweenUSA,Canada,andMexico
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2000’s
• DisputedelecGonof2000-Floridavotes– ClosestelecGonever
• WaronTerrorism-Afghanistan/Iraq– OsamabinLaden,alQaeda
• GWBush-2003invasionofIraq-weaponsofmassdestrucGon(SaadamHusein)