Social Studies 7American Independence

&Loyalist Migration

A Study Guide

PART ONE--Terminology

• Which term best describes a rapid, often violent change in a system of Government?

A. PersecutionB. RevolutionC. ConstitutionD. Evolution• The best answer is ...• B) Revolution

Terminology cont.

• Which term best defines the process of asking for something in a formal way?

A. PleaB. ProclamationC. PetitionD. Declaration• The best answer is ....• C) Petition

Terminology cont.• Which term best defines the process of people

establishing homes and citizenship in a country that is not their native country?

A. ColonizationB. MigrationC. ImmigrationD. Assimilation• The best answer is ...• C) Immigration

Terminology cont.

• Which term best defines the process of becoming part of a different group?

A. AssimilationB. MigrationC. ImmigrationD. Multiculturalism• The best answer is ....• A) Assimilation

Terminology cont• Which of the following terms best defines the

movement of people from one region or territory to another?

A. ExplorationB. ColonizationC. ImmigrationD. Migration• The best answer is ....• D) Migration

Terminology cont• Which of the following terms best defines a

person who seeks protection in another country to escape danger in their own country?

A. ImmigrantB. EmigrantC. LoyalistD. Refugee• The best answer is ....• D) Refugee

Terminology cont

• Which of the following terms best defines the situation “to owe money”?

A. CreditorB. DeficitC. DebtD. Bankrupt• The best answer is ...• C) Debt

Terminology cont• Which of the following terms best defines an

area of land set aside by treaty, for the use by a First Nation?

A. VillageB. ReserveC. Preservation AreaD. Reservation Area• The best answer is ...• B) Reserve

Terminology cont.

• Which of the following terms best defines when citizens elect representatives to an assembly and the assembly speaks for the citizens?

A. RepublicB. DemocracyC. Representative GovernmentD. Confederation.• The best answer is ...• C) Representative Government

Terminology cont.• Which of the following terms best defines a

system of government that does not have a monarch?

A. RepublicB. Absolute MonarchyC. Constitutional MonarchyD. Diarchy• The best answer is ...• A) Republic

True or False Response • T or F• T or F

• T or F

• T or F

• T or F

• T or F

• T or F

• The American Revolution ended in 1763.• The rebellion against the British begins in the

American Colonies in 1758.• Washington is declared first President of the United

States in 1789.• American colonies declare their independence from

Britain in 1776.• Britain is in debt after the Seven Years War so they

raise taxes in the American Colonies in 1775.• The Constitutional Act was passed in 1791

establishing British laws for Loyalists settlers in Lower Canada.

• The Quebec Act is passed by Britain in 1774.

Correct dates and descriptions for True or False statements

• The American Revolution ended in 1783.• The rebellion against the British begins in the American Colonies

in 1775.• Washington is declared first President of the United States in

1789.• American colonies declare their independence from Britain in

1776.• Britain is in debt after the Seven Years War so they raise taxes in

the American Colonies in 1763.• The Constitutional Act was passed in 1791 establishing British

laws for Loyalists settlers in Upper Canada.• The Quebec Act is passed by Britain in 1774.

Who were the United Empire Loyalist?

A. People who supported the rebellion in 1775 and later possibly fought for the independence of the thirteen colonies from Britain.

B. People who opposed the rebellion in 1775 and wanted to remain united to the British Empire and loyal to Britain.

• The correct answer is B)

Who called themselves “Patriots”?

A. People who supported the rebellion in 1775 and later possibly fought for the independence of the thirteen colonies from Britain.

B. People who opposed the rebellion in 1775 and wanted to remain united to the British Empire and loyal to Britain.

• The correct answer is A)

What was the cause of the American War of Independence?

• After the 7 years war Britain decided to leave troops in the Thirteen Colonies but use a local tax to pay the cost. The colonists refused to pay, saying Britain had no authority to tax them since colonists were not allowed to elect representatives to the British Parliament.

• The Thirteen colonies disagreed with the implications of the Royal Proclamation and later the Quebec Act, saying they were intolerable, limiting access to lands west of the colonies.

What was the Loyalist Migration and who participated in this historical event?

• During and after the war many people who supported British rule left the Thirteen Colonies as refugees. They escaped to the British colonies of Quebec and Nova Scotia. This migration of primarily people of British ancestry also included 3,000 black loyalists, 2,000 Haudenosaunee people, and 3,000 German Mennonites (who did not take a side in the war) as part of an estimated 40,000 strong group.

What Impact did the Loyalist Migration have on existing cultures in British North America?

• By 1790, the Loyalists increased the British culture to almost 10% of the total population in Quebec. They did not wish to assimilate into the existing Canadien culture found in Quebec.

• These people began to demand British “laws and customs” in Quebec since they were born British subjects and had always had them up until the migration north. This was seen as a threat to the existing rights (French laws, religion and customs) that Canadiens had secured through the Quebec Act of 1774. The arrival of the Loyalists was seen as a challenge to the existence of traditional Canadien culture.

What Impact did the Loyalist Migration have on existing cultures in British North America?

• The arrival of the Loyalists initiated a change in the reasons for treaties with the First Nations.

• Initially treaties were created to maintain “peace and friendships” and gain support during times of war.

• After the arrival of the Loyalists, treaties were created to facilitate the expanding need for land for new settlements by Loyalist farmers.

• The Indian territory rules did not apply to the Mi’kmaq in Nova Scotia and their hunting and fishing grounds were settled by Loyalists looking for better land to farm.

• Even land protected by thmany yearse Royal Proclamation was at times taken without the required consent of the First Nations.

• The farms restricted access to of First Nations to the land that supported their societies for.

What were the problems and changes that resulted from the migration of Loyalists into Nova

Scotia and Quebec?• Many of the arriving Loyalists joined existing settlements in

Nova Scotia that were populated by people who migrated from the 13 colonies after the 7 years war.

• A new group of Loyalists migrated to the St. John River area (New Brunswick) and petitioned for their own colony based on their own unique needs.

• In the late 1780’s Petitions from Loyalists in Quebec demanded British laws and customs. Britain wanted to maintain the goodwill of the newly arrived Loyalists yet were still required to live up to the agreed terms of the Quebec Act signed in 1774. The threat of the Americans to the south influenced how the British responded.

What were the problems and changes that resulted from the migration of Loyalists into

Nova Scotia and Quebec?• How the British responded:• Nova Scotia is split up into several new colonies to appease the

Loyalists (New Brunswick, cape Breton, St. John Island and present day Nova Scotia).

• Britain reorganizes Quebec in 1791 by passing the Constitutional Act.

• Quebec is divided into Upper and Lower Canada.• Upper Canada takes on traditional British laws and culture.• Lower Canada maintains most of the Quebec Act (lands for the

Protestant Church are established to co-exist with the Catholic Church).

• Allow for the establishment of representative government in both Upper and Lower Canada.

What was the cause of the War of 1812?• The War of 1812 was a fight between the United States and

British North America (Canada).• Revolution in France (1789) removed the monarchy and

established a Republic.• Countries with monarchs including Britain (King or Queen

ruling) went to war in Europe against France. (Napoleonic Wars)

• As part of the war against France, Britain stops all trade between France and US (British board ships and remove sailors).

• US retaliates by declaring war on nearest British Territory (Canada).

• US invade Canada expecting colonists to join their cause, but instead the colonists defend Canada.

How did the First Nations Respond to the American Invasion

• The First Nations were allies of Britain (but not people simply loyal to Britain). Any group that threatened to take away Indian Territory through settlements were considered the enemy. The Americans were aggressively settling in territory protected by the Quebec Act and the First Nations were willing to support any group that would arm them in an effort to defeat the Americans.

• The First Nations organized by Tecumseh (leader of the Shawnee First Nations) supported the British against the Americans in the War of 1812.

How did the Canadiens Respond to the American Invasion?

• The Catholic Church opposed republican government and encouraged the Canadiens to fight for Britain (who guaranteed the Catholic Church would prosper in Quebec). The Canadiens were highly influenced by the Catholic Church and typically abided by its decisions (therefore supporting Britain in the war).

What was the end result of the War of 1812?

• The border between British North America (Canada) and the United States was established.

• British North America remained independent of the United States.

• The war affirmed British identify in Canada but did not do the same for the First Nations or Canadiens.

• A trend of ignoring First Nations and isolating or relegating them to reserves began.

• Britain began to advocate assimilation for non-British people in Canada.

Mapping Question British North America in 1774

Find the following areas on this map:a) Rupert’s Landb) Indian Territoryc) Quebecd) The 13 Colonies

You should be able to label a map with these headings

Mapping Question British North America in 1791

Find the following areas on this map:a) Rupert’s Landb) Upper Canadac) Lower Canadad) New Brunswicke) Nova Scotiaf) The United States

You should be able to label a map with these headings