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Social Science | Class 10th

CBSE Board Paper 2018

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CBSE Board Paper 2018 Set - 1

General Instructions:

1. The question paper has 26 questions in all. All questions are

compulsory.

2. Marks are indicated against each question.

3. Questions from serial number 1 to 7 are Very Short Answer type

Questions. Each question carries one mark.

4. Questions from serial number 8 to 18 are 3 marks questions.

Answers of these questions should not exceed 80 words each.

5. Questions from serial number 19 to 25 are 5 marks questions.

Answers of these questions should not exceed 100 words each.

6. Question number 26 is a map question. It has two parts 26(A)

and 26(B). 26(A) of 2 marks from History and 26(B) of 3 marks

from Geography. After completion attach the map inside your

answer book.

7. There is no overall choice. However, internal choice has been

provided in some questions. You have to attempt only one of

the alternatives in all such-questions.

Time allowed: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80

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1. Why were big European powers met in Berlin in 1885?

Section A

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Why were merchants from towns in Europe began to move countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

OR

Why did Charles Booth, a Liverpool shipowner conduct the first social survey of low skilled workers in the East End of London in 1887?

OR

2. Why did the Roman Catholic Church impose control over publishers and booksellers?

1

OR

Why do novels use vernacular?

3. Classify resources on the basis of origin.

1

4. ‘A challenge is not just any problem but an opportunity for progress.’ Analyze the statement.

1

4

Section B

5. State any two goals of development other than income.

1

6. When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, in which category of the economic sector such activities come?

1

7. Give any two examples of the informal sector of credit.

½+½= 1

8. Describe the impact of ‘Rinderpest’ on people’s livelihoods and the local economy in Africa in the 1890s.

3×1=3

OR

Describe any three major problems faced by Indian cotton weavers in nineteenth century.

OR

Describe any three steps taken to clean up London during the nineteenth century.

9. “The ‘Print Revolution’ had transformed the lives of

people changing their relationship to information and knowledge.” Analyze the statement.

OR

3×1=3

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Distinguish between the themes of ‘Pride and Prejudice’ and ‘Jane Eyre’ novels written by Jane Austen and Charlotte Bronte respectively.

10. How has the ever-increasing number of industries in India made a worse position by exerting pressure on existing fresh water resources? Explain.

11. “Dense and efficient network of transport is a pre-requisite for local and national development.” Analyze the statement.

12. Describe any three provisions of the amendment made in ‘Indian Constitution’ in 1992 for making ‘Three-Tier’ government more effective and powerful.

13. Explain the three factors that are crucial in deciding the

outcome of the politics of social divisions.

14. “Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or

persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country.” Examine the statement.

15. How is the issue of sustainability important for development? Explain with examples.

3×1=3

3×1=3

3×1=3

3×1=3

3×1=3

3×1=3

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Section C

16. Distinguish the service conditions of the organized sector with that of the unorganized sector.

17. Why is cheap and affordable credit important for the

country’s development? Explain any three reasons.

18. How can consumer awareness be spread among consumers to avoid exploitation in the market place? Explain any three ways.

19. Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe.

OR

Describe the role of different religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feelings in Vietnam.

3×1=3

3×1=3

3×1=3

5×1=5

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20. How did the Non-Cooperation movement start with the participation of middle-class people in the cities? Explain its impact on the economic front.

OR

Why was Congress reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organisation? How did women participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain.

21. “The Government of India has introduced various

institutional and technological reforms to improve agriculture in the 1980s and 1990s.” Support this statement with examples.

OR

Compare ‘intensive subsistence farming’ with that of ‘commercial farming’ practiced in India.

22. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by

the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.

23. Describe any five major functions of political parties

performed in a democracy.

24. “Democracy stands much superior to any other form of

government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual.” Justify this statement.

2+3=5

5×1=5

5×1=5

5×1=5

5×1=5

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Section D

OR

“Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among citizens.” Justify this statement.

25. How has foreign trade been integrating markets of different countries? Explain with examples.

OR

How do we feel the impact of globalization on our daily life? Explain with examples.

26. (A) Two features a and b are marked on the given political outline map of India.

Identify these features with the help of the following information and write them correct names on the lines marked near them :

(a) The place where the Indian National Congress Session was held.

(b) The place where Gandhiji organized ‘Satyagraha’ in favour of the cotton mill workers.

(B) Locate and label the following with appropriate symbols on the same given outline political map of India.

(i) Raja Sansi – International Airport

(ii) Bhadravati – Iron and Steel Plant

(iii) Software Technology Park of West Bengal

5×1=5

2×1=2

3×1=3

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Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 26 :

(i) Name the state where the Indigo planters organized Satyagraha.

(ii) Name the state where Gandhiji violated the Salt Law.

(iii) Name the state where Raja Sansi International Airport is located.

(iv) Name the state where Salem Iron and Steel Plant is located.

(v) Name the state where Narora Nuclear Power Plant is located.

5×1=5

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1. Major European nations met to decide all questions connected with the Congo River basin in Central Africa.

In the 17th and 18th century, the urban crafts were more flourished and powerful compared to traditional crafts.

a. They were asked to produce products for the international market. But their products were not able to compete with urban crafts and guilds.

b. Urban guilds were granted a monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products.

Hence they moved to the countryside and began to work for merchants.

The survey was conducted to find out the number of poor and the life expectancy of the people.

The result of the survey was:

a. one-fifth of the population of London was very poor.

b. These people had a life expectancy up to only 29 years.

c. He concluded that number of houses are needed to accommodate the poor.

Solutions (Set-1)

Section A (Solutions)

OR

OR

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2. The books and published paper were inciting in nature. People started to read these books and knew the messages of the bible and started questioning faith.

Roman Catholic church imposed several restrictions upon these booksellers.

Vernacular language was spoken by common people. These languages unified the diverse people of the nation. These novels bring together different cultures.

3. Resources are classified on the basis of origin in two ways:

i) Biotic:- All those resources which are obtained from the biosphere and have life are known as biotic resources. Biotic resources normally forest, livestock, etc are examples of renewable biotic resources.

ii) Abiotic:- All those resources which are composed of non-living things are called abiotic resources. Abiotic resources can be renewable as well as non-renewable resources. Land and water are renewable abiotic resources whereas, iron and bauxite are non-renewable abiotic resources.

4. Humans have a tendency to call the challenges as problems. But they fail to realize that it is the challenges that provide us with immense capability. With challenges comes the opportunity and progress. No matter how big is the challenge but after overcoming the challenge we always get rewarded.

OR

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5. We always analyze development with income. Income is just a measure of development. The developments that cannot be measured are respect, security, quality etc.

6. Primary sector exploits natural resources.

Primary activities are directly dependent on the environment as these refer to the utilization of earth’s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials, and minerals. It, thus includes hunting and gathering, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture, and mining and quarrying.

7. There are many different sources that provide credits like banks, cooperatives, money lenders etc.

These are classified as formal and informal.

The loan that is taken from relatives, moneylenders, friends etc is called the informal sector of credit. They provide the credit generally at a higher interest rate than the formal sector.

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8. Rinderpest was a fast-spreading disease among cattle.

Effects of the disease:

a. They spread very fast.

b. A huge number of cattle were killed in the plague.

c. Many people lost their livelihood.

During the colonial period the Indian economy was drained. the locals, peasants and the artisans were among the many who faced hard to meet their livelihood.

a. The raw material became unavailable as the British exported the raw material to Britain.

b. During American war, cotton supplies were cut from there.

c. They were forced to purchase the cotton, owing to the high rate they were unable to pay the price.

The London government took steps for urban development and cleaning up of the city.

1. Parks were created and plants were planted to reduce pollution.

2. Apartments were built in blocks and in sequence.

3. The city was full of gardens.

4. Suburbs were also developed.

Section B (Solutions)

OR

OR

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9. Printing revolution started in the era of modern Europe and made both ancient and medieval texts available to a broader audience that produced a ground for new ideas and new theories.

1. Printing led to the development of various European languages as works began to be published in these languages.

2. Eventually, this made the vernacular languages contribute towards promoting literature which were used to create national mythologies.

Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen that narrates the story of a woman in a rural society where she is encouraged to find a good husband with properties. During that period marriage and money was assumed to be a priority.

Whereas in Jane Eyre Charlotte narrates a story where the main character breaks all the stereotype of the society and make herself independent.

10. Water pollution is caused by industrial waste products released into lakes, rivers, and other water bodies, it has made marine life no longer livable. When organic and inorganic waste from industries get discharged into the rivers. The industries that increase water pollution are paper, pulp, chemical. textiles and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries, and electroplating industries, water pollution is caused.

11. An efficient transport system is a pre-requisite for sustained economic development. It is not only the key infrastructural input for the growth process but also plays a significant role in promoting national integration.

OR

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a. Roads help farmers to move their perishable agricultural products soon to markets and mandis. Thus encourage farmers to switch to more commercially viable agricultural products.

b. Mobility is one of the most fundamental and important characteristics of economic activity as it satisfies the basic need of going from one location to the other, a need shared by passengers, freight and information.

c. The construction and expansion of the railways have been proved to be beneficial for the economic and inclusive growth of the economy. It provides a better linkage between producer, retailer, and consumer.

12. It is a form of democratic decentralization where the participation of even the grass root level of the society is ensured in the process of administration.

The amendments made are:

1. The acts of 1992 added two new parts IX and IX-A to the constitution, which contains the lists of functional items of Panchayats and Municipalities. It provides for a three-tier system of Panchayati Rajin every state – at the village, intermediate and district levels.

2. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment act provides for a Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj system. It is essentially a village assembly consisting of all the registered voters in the area of the panchayat.

3. The 74th Constitutional Amendment act provides for three types of Municipalities, namely Nagar Panchayat, Municipal corporation, and Municipal Council.

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13. Democracy is established in a country when people of that nation is treated equally and they elect their leader by casting a vote.

Though democracy is the best form of government for any nation yet it has many demerits too.

a. In a democracy, the political parties compete against each other and most of the times this competition gives rise to hastiness among the parties.

b. The competition against each other divide society.

c. Many times these parties support any one community to gain their vote, while this leads to communalism between the communities.

d. Sometimes the people of a specific community caste their vote to the candidate of their own community even without knowing his identity.

e. Communities raise demands which are against the constitutional means and sometimes their demands are at the cost of other communities.

These are a social division that occurs in a democratic nation.

14. Secularism means treating all religions equally. A secular nation is one where all the ethnicity of people stays together.

Secularism is an idea promoted by many political parties but it is the basis of a country and is applicable to every citizen.

Indian Constitution provides freedom to the citizens to profess any religion. It prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion. The state can interfere in religious matters if it does not promote equality.

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The makers of the Constitution wanted to avoid communalism and hence went for making India a secular nation where all the religion, communities are treated equally.

15. Sustainability means a process where the development can be sustained for a generation. It affords the future generation the same capacity to prosper as the present generation.

The sustainable development aims at increasing the economic growth through meeting basic needs i.e. raising the standard of living.

1. Due to industrialization, the natural resources are overused and apprehensions are made that these resources would not be available for future generation. Sustainability will help in using the resources rationally.

2. The water table has been emptied in many regions due to overuse of groundwater for agricultural, household and industrial purposes. And if it is used more then the entire groundwater would be replenished, hence would prevail scarcity of fresh water.

3. The ecosystem is threatened as deforestation is being widely prevailed.

16. Sectors are majorly divided into three categories primary, secondary and tertiary. Based on the employment conditions these are further classified as an organized and unorganized sector

The organized sector is one that is incorporated with the appropriate authority or government and follows its rules and regulations. They get a fixed monthly payment, working hours and hike on salary at regular intervals.

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On the contrary, the unorganized sector can be understood as the sector, which is not incorporated with the government and thus, no rules are required to be followed. They get daily wages for their work, which is comparatively less than the pay prescribed by the government.

17. Credit allows the borrower to increase his spending today. Credit is good because spending drives the economy. One person's spending is income for another. It is the fuel to the engine.

1. Banks Sanction loans to the small and marginal industries, for setting up of their business.

2. Governments’ provide credits to the informal sector industries to bring reform and enhance production.

3. The farmers get credit from banks to purchase seeds, fertilizer, equipment.

Hence it becomes important that these credits are cheap and affordable. So that maximum utilization could be made from these credit by the needy businessmen and farmers.

18. In this age of capitalism and globalization, the main objective of each producer is to maximize his profit. In each and every possible way the producer is trying to increase the sale of their products. Therefore, in fulfilment of their aim, they forget the interests of consumer s and start exploiting them

Hence consumer awareness is important in the following ways:

1. he should get the goods which are measured appropriately and he should not be cheated in any way. For this, he should be made aware.

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2. Big companies through their advertisement also mislead the consumers. Consumer awareness shields them from the exploitation by producers and sellers.

3. Consumer education and awareness motivate people not to purchase such goods which are very harmful to them.

19. Balkans, also called Balkan Peninsula, easternmost of Europe’s three great southern peninsulas. A large part of the region was under Ottoman empire. The empire began to disintegrate and state of instability established in the Balkan region.

The Balkans started to demand independence, political rights, and nationality. A rivalry like situation initiated in the region.

Bu the struggle and differences among the European powers led to a series of wars and finally first world war started.

Vietnamese religious beliefs were mainly based on Buddhism, Confiscate and local practices. The French missionaries had

Section C (Solutions)

OR

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introduced Christianity in Vietnam. The 18th century was marked by significant religious movements against the cultural attack of the French. One such movement was the Scholars Revolt of 1868 and was a protest against French rule and the spread of Christianity.

20. Non-cooperation Movement was launched by the Indian National Congress which brought Gandhi as the most influential leader of Indian politics.

1. thousands of students left schools and colleges and joined more than 800 national schools and colleges that had been established all over the country.

2. People boycotted foreign cloth. Picketing of shops selling foreign cloth was also a major form of the boycott. Picketing of liquor shops was also carried out.

3. Merchants and traders refused to trade foreign goods.

As the boycott movement spread, people used only Indian clothes and began to discard foreign clothes.

As a result, the production of Indian textile mills and handloom went up largely. The foreign trade was hit by the indigenous goods, that impacted the British economy and they suffered a huge loss.

The Congress was initially hesitant in including women and giving them a position in the organization. The party members preferred the mere symbolic presence of women over representative presence. Even Gandhiji was convinced that it was the duty of women to look after the house, be a good wife and be a good mother.

OR

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1. During the Civil Disobedience, women volunteers participated in marches boycotts and Prabhat pheris.

2. There was immense support from women.

3. Women in large number participated in Dandi march.

4. They took part in March, manufacturing salt and picketed foreign goods.

5. Many of them were even sent to jails.

6. High caste families’ women too supported.

women played an indispensable role in India’s Freedom Struggle. All kind of women ranging from a common person to highly accomplished ladies participated in it. In the background of a conservative society and several limitations, their contribution is immensely commendable.

21. Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy because of its high share in employment and livelihood creation. However, the growth of agriculture over a period of time remained lower than the growth in non-agriculture sectors.

Government introduced several institutional and technological reforms to improve agricultural.

1. Zamindari and consolidating land holdings were abolished.

2. adjacent small fields were combined into single large farms and individual landowners were encouraged to do cooperative farming.

3. The green revolution was initiated where high yielding varieties of seeds and fertilizers were provided to farmers, and large-scale irrigation facilities were developed to allow them to grow two crops in a year and Continue expansion of farming areas.

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4. Doctor Verghese Kurien is credited with architecting Operation Flood -- the largest dairy development programme in the world.

5. Insurance cover was provided to farmers against damage to crops and rural banks and cooperative societies were set up to provide them with loans on easy rates of interest.

6. The government also started broadcasting radio and television programmes to educate farmers about new techniques of agriculture and give them a prior warning about weather conditions.

7. the government announced the procurement, remunerative and minimum support prices of all the major crops in India to stop the exploitation of small and marginal farmers by the middlemen.

8. The government also launched personal benefit schemes for farmers, like the Kisan Credit Card and the Personal Accident Insurance Scheme.

9. Under the Land Ceiling Act by the government no individual or family could own more than a certain quantum of land.

A range of farming practices has been emerged to increase productivity, of the agricultural land. Two such farming practices are intensive farming and extensive farming.

1. Intensive Farming is a farming method that uses higher inputs and advanced agricultural techniques to increase the overall yield. In contrast, Extensive Farming is one in which more and more land is brought under cultivation to increase the output produced.

OR

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2. Intensive cultivation as adopted in areas where agricultural land may be scarce such as hinterland or suburban areas. In these zones, rigorous cultivation is practiced with the aim of utilizing the available land to the fullest.

3. In subsistence farming, farming is done at a small scale level to meet the own consumption levels of the producer. Usually, fragmented lands are used for cultivation and old techniques of cultivation is adopted.

4. In commercial farming, farming takes place at a larger scale with the aim of generating maximum revenue by producing maximum output.

22. Manufacturing is the Production of goods in large quantities after processing the raw materials into more valuable products.

The manufacturing industry is important for the development of a country.

The manufacturing industry is important because:

• Manufacturing industries help in modernizing agriculture, by producing mechanised equipment that enhances the productivity of the farming sector, which forms the backbone of our economy.

• Manufacturing industries also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income. This becomes possible because of the creation of new jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.

• Industrial development helps in the eradication of unemployment and poverty, as this industry generates a huge number of informal jobs.

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• Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce and brings in much needed foreign exchange. This boosts the economy of the nation.

• A country with a high level of manufacturing activities becomes prosperous.

23. A political party is a group of people with a similar ideology, who contest elections of a nation and form a ruling government. Every member of a particular party works on the same front, their methods might differ, but their aim is the same.

Century ago there were few countries that had political parties, but now every country except few have political parties, who contest the elections and forms the government to run the country.

A Political party is synonymous to democracy, the election is vital for any democracy to contest elections these political parties are necessary.

They are necessary due to the following reasons:

a. The parties frame policies and agendas that are for the welfare of the entire nation. Any policy is not just directed towards a single person, but for all.

b. They promote their ideas for the national good during the election and promise to work towards it.

c. They put forward programmes that are for the upliftment of backward communities.

d. Multiple parties create a sense of competition which can act as a motivation for a leader to work more towards the larger goal.

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24. Democracy, unlike other forms of government, is a government based on the principle of the majority opinion.

Democracy form of government represents people’s choice hence the formed government is accountable to the people for their performance.

In a democracy:

1. People including men, women, backward classes have the right to live with dignity.

2. Prior to the concept of democracy, most of the nations of the world were male-dominated and females did not have any say in the decisions of the country.

3. Democracy gives equal rights, irrespective of caste, creed, and gender. In a democracy a female could also be the head of the state.

4. These rights are fundamental in nature and cannot be overruled or denied by any organization or state.

Democracy is where plea and petition of every person irrespective of caste and community are recognized. Democracy is established in a country when people of that nation is treated equally and they elect their leader by casting a vote.

There are many benefits of democracy, one being that it breaches social division:

a. Many depressed class people raise their voices, they get to express themselves before the government.

b. The government frames policies to eradicate discrimination and determines the needs of these people.

c. The government does not entertain any demand that increases social division.

OR

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25. The transit of goods and services from the source country to the international market is known as foreign trade.

Foreign trade includes export and import. When products are received from a foreign country is known as import and when the product is transported to other foreign countries is known as export.

Foreign trade provides exposure to the producers, their goods are purchased beyond the domestic market.

Similarly, buyers have more choice to purchase. The influx of foreign goods also increases competition in the market.

Example: there are many products that are imported in India have proved to be a tough competition for domestic companies.

Globalisation has transformed the way of living, it has reduced the distances and increased the interdependence among the people and nations at all levels.

a. The process of Globalisation has brought the world together at a single platform where the differences have diminished in all aspects including social, cultural, economic, political etc

b. Globalization has transformed the way of living, it has reduced the distances and increased the interdependence among the people and nations at all levels.

c. Competition has increased in the market. As for a single demand, various products are available in the market.

d. Jobs have increased. As foreign companies have started to hire other countries’ people as an employee.

e. Globalization led to the influx of industries, factories and forests were cleared in huge amount for the set, which in turn ruined the environment and diminished the biodiversity.

OR

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f. The local economies were affected.

Example: The dress culture has also changed, youths have been more fascinated by the western dress culture. Youths aspire to work as an employee in foreign countries.

26.

Section D (Solutions)

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Note: The following questions are for the Visually Impaired candidates only in lieu of Q. No. 26 :

(i) Champaran

(ii) Dandi, Gujrat

(iii) Amritsar

(iv) Tamil Nadu

(v) Uttar Pradesh

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