social psychology social cognition. person perception effects of physical appearance effects of...
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ObedienceObedience
Stanley Milgram (1960s)Stanley Milgram (1960s)
Experimental Set-upExperimental Set-up
•one “subject” assigned to role of “learner”
•“teacher” provides punishment for errors
Milgram -ResultsMilgram -Results
•65% obeyed completely
Factors Influencing ObedienceFactors Influencing Obedience proximity of authorityproximity of authority legitimacy of authority figurelegitimacy of authority figure remoteness of victimremoteness of victim presence of role modelspresence of role models
Ethical IssuesEthical Issues deceptiondeception high levels of stresshigh levels of stress debriefingdebriefing real life analogues real life analogues
Hofling et al. (1966)Hofling et al. (1966) ““Officer Scott”Officer Scott”
NormsNorms learned, socially based rules that prescribe what people should (or should not) do in different situationslearned, socially based rules that prescribe what people should (or should not) do in different situations
Institutional Norms:Institutional Norms: implicit or explicit rules for behaviour and beliefs that are applied to entire institutions or organizationsimplicit or explicit rules for behaviour and beliefs that are applied to entire institutions or organizations institutionalizationinstitutionalization Stanford Prison StudyStanford Prison Study
– Zimbardo (1972)Zimbardo (1972)
Bystander InterventionBystander Intervention
Kitty GenoveseKitty Genovese– New York, 1964New York, 1964
Bystander InterventionBystander Intervention LatanLatanéé & Darley & Darley
75
38
10
0
20
40
60
80
Alone 3 Naïve 1 + 2 Conf
Experimental Condition
Latané & Darley (1969)
Possible ExplanationsPossible Explanations Information Influence of Others’ Information Influence of Others’
InactionInaction Normative Influence of Others’ Normative Influence of Others’
Inaction & Evaluation AnxietyInaction & Evaluation Anxiety Diffusion of ResponsibilityDiffusion of Responsibility
Deciding to InterveneDeciding to Intervene
Start
Do NotNotice
Do NotHelp
Not AnEmergency
Do NotHelp
Define AsEmergency
I Am NotResponsible
Do NotHelp
HelpTake
Responsibility
Notice