social psychological experiments video clips to help your understanding
TRANSCRIPT
Milgram
Stanley Milgram was interested in finding out under what circumstances ordinary people could be influenced to inflict harm upon others.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8olVHKgIBXc
Most unethical experiment. Led to improve the Psychology Association guidelines.
Festinger
Cognitive Dissonance – causes individuals to change their attitudes. Dissonance is the tension that results from holding conflicting beliefs, attitudes, opinions or values.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bp39qSdyTc4&feature=related
Asch Experiment
Normative Influence – Gain social approvalSocial Influence – accepting others
opinions about reality, especially if you are not sure.
Conformity- follow others (lines)
Latane & Darley
Testing people’s helping ability:Diffusion Responsibility- larger the group
less likely to help, less people more likely to help.
Bystander-Assuming others will helpKitty Genevese – Genovese syndromeAltruism – Theorists debate whether there
is an inborn trait that prompts people to engage in acts of selfless sacrifice for others or acts of rewards of heroism or ego need.
Sherif
Contact Theory-working together with groups to reach one common goal (superordinate goal) should lower tension and increase harmony. Helps with prejudice, working together verses going against one another.
Word activity
Aronson & Gonzalez
Teaching strategy making Anglo & Hispanic kids interdependent upon one another to learn.
Jigsaw Classroom - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2p1AE3Z3j5I
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4wL5t8YH1Q
Is the tendency to let our preconceived expectations of others influence how we treat them. Ex. Teachers told to expect certain student to get smart during the year actually treated those kids differently as a result the expectations became a reality.
Effects of the group
Social Facilitation – Improved performance of well learned tasks in front of others. Due to increased level of motivation when in front of audience.
Social Impairment – (opposite) when just learning something and if you have an audience you tend to do worse.
Group Polarization-group decision more powerful
than individual decision(asch). Deindividuation(world leaders)-oppositeGroupthink-Since everyone voices their opinions
out loud, you assume everyone is in agreement and you don’t do anything about your disagreement.
Effects of Group
One reason why many groups have some form of initiation rites and rituals is
because of Group Cohesion
The power of Conformity - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pvxo7o7SwI
Why do we conform?
Normative Influence – We don’t want to stand out as different just be normal.
Informational Social influence – information given or understood is swaying your opinion to conform
Lapierre Experiment
Proved People’s attitudes do not necessarily reflect their behavior :
LaPierre conducted the experiment with Asian couples, and in short how the reactions of various establishments when confronted in person contrasted the reactions via a questionnaire.
Diffusion of Responsibilities
Often used to explain the bystander effect, a phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help an individual in distress.
1 sentence give me an example
Fundamental Atrribution of Error
Attribution Theory-Our way of explaining why people act the way they do.
Attribution Of Error (2 types)Problem – Student receives an F on test. ◦Personal Stable – He is lazy.◦Situational Constraints (personal factors) – He
is probably sad about parents divorce.
Give an example of each…
Compliance
Foot in the door phenomenon- Give an inch, they want a foot. You lend a friend 1 dollar next time may ask for 5 dollars.
Reciprocity – soliciting technique ex. Give
great service as a waitress expect bigger tip.
Give an example 1 sentence each.
Friendship & Beauty
Mere Exposure Effect(familiarity principle) – more contact we have with someone, the likely we will like that person.
Research shows that friends usually are rated very similarly in physical attractiveness. Similarity of interests and social back ground is also likely to determine who become friends.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6MJMs8AkCs (give an example)
Causes of Conflict
Prejudice-unjustified negative attitude
Discrimination-unjustified behavior/action
Stereotypes Mental SchemasA. Teachers areB. AP Students are Give example for each 1 sentence
Causes of Conflict
Scapegoat theory –blame other groups for our failures or weaknesses
Ethnocentrism-belief our culture is superior to others (in-group or out – group).
Other-Race Effect – The tendency to recall faces of one’s own race more accurately than other races.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8tyKVOQSjVc
Example of each 1 sentence
Evaluating Behavior
Social Loafing- Allowing others to do the work while you just hang out (groupwork).
Social Loafing - YouTube Self-Serving Bias-give our success credit
to our stable causes & failures to situational factors. ”I work hard, others don’t care.”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjfSuOq6ReA
Compliance
Although you may not necessarily agree, you go along with the majority or the individual who has more power/influence.
Give an example 1 sentence