social interaction social groups. types of interaction category – shared social characteristics...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SOCIAL INTERACTION
Social Groups
![Page 2: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Types of Interaction
Category – shared social characteristics
Aggregates – shared spaceBoth can become social groups Social Groups
Identification – belongingness Awareness Shared expectations
![Page 5: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Groups
Primary Secondary Small Larger Intimate, intense Impersonal, distant Informal, direct Formal, indirect relationship Goal orientation
orientation Holistic Compartmentalized,
specific,ltd Enduring Temporary, short durationIrreplaceable replaceableProcess Product
![Page 6: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Divisions
Ingroups Outgroups We They Loyalty/identity Competition
PowerUnityEthnocentrismSocial Distance - Bogardus
![Page 7: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Research - SherifsCompetition & limited social
interaction Intolerance; lack of acceptance &
understanding; distain; emphasis of differences
Cooperation & opportunity for social interaction Tolerance; acceptance; understanding;
emphasis on commonalities Thus degree of tolerance and
understanding can be changed or manipulated
![Page 8: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Building Blocks
Dyad -2 Triad -3Mortality ImmortalityConsensus Conflict/tension/dynamicIntense CoalitionsFragile/unstable Stable
![Page 10: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Factors that impact groups
Size
Intimacy Organization
![Page 11: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Axiom of Social Groups
The more members of a social group interact within the group, the more they are influenced norms & values, the more similar they become –
GROUP = AN ENTITY – functions as a whole – not just individual members
Transcends the individuals
![Page 12: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reference Groups
EvaluationDecision makingMay or may not be ingroup
![Page 13: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Blau – Social Diversity
“hooking” and “herding” Large groups turn in- herdingDiverse, heterogeneous groups turn
out- hooking Social parity/equality increases
contact, relationshipsPhysical proximity/boundaries ---
social connections or separation
![Page 14: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Networks
Indirect and weak connections---butSignificant resourceDensity & extensiveness variesSocial capital – SES, gender, race,
ethnicity, religion, associations may create the network
![Page 15: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Group Leadership: Key Roles
Instrumental Expressive product process
outward inward action/structure emotional
organization connections “prods/engages” “glues” respected liked, affection admired remembered
![Page 16: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Leadership Styles
Authoritarian - instrumental
Laissez Faire - expressive
Democratic – both possible
![Page 17: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Simmel – Group Dynamics
Leadership atmosphere/style I E roles/coordination(status)
Communication cohesion control commitment
satisfaction/productivity creativity history/formation
IPA Blau factors Evolution
![Page 18: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Moreno - Sociogram
![Page 19: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Group Conformity
Asch - conformity
Milgram – compliance & obedience
Janis – Group Think & Risky Shift
![Page 21: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Asch
![Page 22: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Milgram
![Page 23: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Janis
![Page 24: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Society as Group
Key question – what connects and glues a society?
Durkheim Mechanical Solidarity Organic
Solidarity Likeness, homogeneity differences,
interdependence
Durkheim’s Dilemma – increase individual freedom but increased anomie and separateness
Tonnies Gemeinschaft Gesellschaft
primary group ties secondary group ties
![Page 26: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Formal Organizations
Secondary groups Organized – goal directed Main function = EFFICIENCY
Not necessarily best or most effective
![Page 27: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Types -Etzioni
Normative PTA, Scouts
Utilitarian USD 512 for me
Coercive Prison
![Page 28: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Weber
Rationality – spontaneous and traditional replaced by “systems” market place ----mall Exchange ----barter --- money & price tags Tutor/scholar ----high school Anomie ------ Alienation
![Page 29: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Weber: Ideal type –Bureaucracy - characteristics
Specialization Hierarchy Formal rules and regulationsImpersonality Formal, written communications Technical competence/qualification
![Page 30: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dysfunctions - dehumanizes
Bureaucratic inefficiency – the unique
Peters Principle; Peters CorollaryParkinson’s LawBureaucratic ritualism – red tape; ltd
creativityBureaucratic personality Bureaucratic inertia ---- Bloat Bureaucratic alienation Status conflicts Oligarchy
![Page 31: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Informal System
Humanizes Personalizes Bends and shapesMakes flexible; more creative; more
responsive
![Page 32: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Examples
“holes in the system”Personalized space Primary groups Influence leadersGroup norms Grapevine (emails, gossip)
![Page 33: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Other factors
Organizational environment – factors that impact nature of Bureaucracy
context
![Page 34: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Kanter
Hidden corporate cultures – self fulfilling prophecies – encourage those like me – “patterns of privilege”
Humanizing Bureaucracy Issues of gender and race - diversity Opening up – decrease in/out groups Frequent promotions
![Page 35: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Tannen and Helgesenmale/female management stylesMaleImage focus –
impact of ? on rep.Hold more info –
powerMore hierarchy of
decision-making – more supervision or direction
Focus on own division- competitive
FemaleInformation focus –
ask ? To understand
Share info more Value communication
More flexible – more autonomy
Interconnectedness of all aspects of the organization –cooperative
21c – female adv.?
![Page 37: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Japan: Ouchi – Theory Z
Bureaucracy shaped by values/normsJapan
Group hiring and promotion Lifetime employment Holistic involvement Broad, non-specialized training Collective decision-making
![Page 38: SOCIAL INTERACTION Social Groups. Types of Interaction Category – shared social characteristics Aggregates – shared space Both can become social groups](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649eaa5503460f94baf9f5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Work and Work Style
Creative autonomy Self managed teams Flattened organization Less rigid, more flexible