social inclusion through uid sharma - united...
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Social Inclusion through
UID
Unique Identification Authority of
India
www.uidai.gov.in
March 01, 2011
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AgendaAgenda
• Context of UIDs and Mandate of UIDAI
• Features of UIDs (Aadhaar)
• Implementation Approach
• Status of Implementation• Status of Implementation
• Service Delivery Potential of Aadhaar
• Some Application Examples
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Context of UIDs in IndiaContext of UIDs in India
• Provision of a robust, reusable ID to those
who do not have any ID papers
• Cleaning up existing databases through
Uniqueness : No duplicates or fakesUniqueness : No duplicates or fakes
• Improve Targeting and Delivery of Services
• Reducing the cost of Services’ Delivery
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UIDAI’s MandateUIDAI’s Mandate
• To provide Unique ID Number to all Residents
• Guarantee Uniqueness through Biometric de-
duplication
• Provide online, cost-effective, ubiquitous • Provide online, cost-effective, ubiquitous
authentication services across country
• Define usage and applications of UID for
delivery of various services
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Features of UIDs
Only Numbers – No Cards
Random Numbers – No Intelligence
Standard Attributes – No Profiling
All Residents – Including Children
Flexibility to Partners
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Features Contd….
No Guarantees to Rights, Citizenship, Entitlements
Uniqueness – Ensured through biometric attributes
De-novo creation of databaseDe-novo creation of database
Ubiquitous Authentication – anytime any where
Ensuring Security and Privacy of Information
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UIDAI will issue unique IDs …UIDAI will issue unique IDs …UID � Unique number � Random number
Basic demographic data and
biometrics stored centrally
Standardized identity attributes
Name
Parents
Gender
DoB
Address
Property of UIDAI - Highly confidential7
UID = 1568 3647 4958 UID = 1568 3647 4958
Central UID database
Standardized identity attributes
No duplicates(1:N check)
Flexibility to partners on Know
Your Resident (KYR)+
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… and authenticate IDs online, real… and authenticate IDs online, real--timetime
Authentication - ‘Are you
who you claim to be?’
Property of UIDAI - Highly confidential 9
UID = 1568 3647 4958UID = 1568 3647 4958
Central UID database
1:1 check, no ID fraud
Only YES/NO response, no details – no invasion of privacy
Person can see self-details, no one else can
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UIDAI will only enroll through RegistrarsUIDAI will only enroll through RegistrarsD
ata
flo
w
10
Various registrars in the country can enroll residents
Working closely with RGI to leverage NPR initiative
UIDAI empanelled enrolment agencies can be used
Da
ta f
low
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Uniformity across systemUniformity across system
Enrol.
process
www.uidai.gov.in11
UID-ready Registrar systemStandards for universality
Biometrics KYR norms
Data fields
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Quality is our over-arching goal
Device Certification
Process Standardization
Quality
StandardsManpower
Certification
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National Launch of AadhaarNational Launch of Aadhaar
13
Aadhaar launched by PM and UPA Chairperson on September 29, 2010
in Nandurbar district, Maharashtra
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Enrolment ProgressEnrolment Progress
• Nine States/UTs : Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka
Jharkhand, Tripura, Delhi, Chhattisgarh, HP
• Financial Institutions like LIC, Banks• Financial Institutions like LIC, Banks
• India Post, NSDL to start soon
• More than two million Aadhaar numbers issued.
• Current rate of enrolments ~ 50,000 per-day. Will
soon reach @ 1 million per-day
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Service Delivery Potential of Service Delivery Potential of
Aadhaar Number: UniquenessAadhaar Number: Uniqueness• Uniqueness and Existence ensures no fakes or
duplicates
• Uniqueness ensures breaking of database silos
• As a sufficient KYC for Opening of bank accounts and • As a sufficient KYC for Opening of bank accounts and
other financial products – DoR’s notification of 16th
December
• Has become sufficient KYC for obtaining new phone
connections– DoT Notification of 14th January 2011
• States requested for similar notifications
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Service Delivery potential due to Service Delivery potential due to
AuthenticationAuthentication• All transactions start with proving your identity
• Aadhaar online authentication will provide a common
platform which can be used across all applications.
• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary –• Entitlements should reach the intended beneficiary –
non-transferability to be ensured
• This can be effectively done by authentication at the
point of service delivery
• Many domains will be able to use as a proof of
presence for the beneficiary
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Aadhaar Authentication Aadhaar Authentication
• Authentication will enable Improvements in
efficiency and transparency in service delivery
– Tracking end to end service delivery process
– Move service delivery towards a demand driven – Move service delivery towards a demand driven
beneficiary led system
– Strengthen existing accountability/vigilance
procedures
– Access to relevant MIS and empowerment of
beneficiaries
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Who can use Aadhaar?
• NREGA, RSBY, other schemes
• PAN, Passport, EPIC, other cards
• Railways, Postal, Income Tax, other departments
Central Government
• PDS, SSA, other schemes
• Education, Healthcare, other programsState Govt
• Municipal Governance, Utilities
• Insurance – LIC
• Energy – Oil Marketing Companies
• Banking – SBI, Central Bank, other banks
Public Sector
• Telecom
• Microfinance
• Insurance, Manufacturing, Unorganized Labour, etc.
Private Sector
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Types of Usage
• Subscription to a New Service, ProductKYC,
Database Cleanup
• Money Transfers, Consumer BankingTransactions • Money Transfers, Consumer Banking
• Attendance/Presence, Access to Locations
Presence, Access Control
• Social Security Number type of linkingAadhaar as a
Unique ID
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Aadhaar-enabled Financial
InclusionInclusion
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Extent of Financial ExclusionExtent of Financial Exclusion
• Only 30,000 habitations have banks (5%)
• Only 40% Population have bank accounts
• Life Insurance Cover < 10%; Non-life Insurance Cover .6%
• Debit Cards 13%; Credit Cards 2%
• Financial inclusion by state:• Financial inclusion by state:
– Most financially included: Himachal Pradesh (45%)
– Least financially included: Bihar (10%)
• Financial inclusion by gender in rural areas:
– Women : 6% ; Men: 28%
• Urban vs. rural financial inclusion
– Urban: 32% ; Rural: 18%
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No Frills AccountBusiness Mobile Banking
Solution Components already exist , Aadhaar is the glue
No Frills AccountBusiness
Correspondents
Mobile Banking
Inter-bank Payment Switch Any Account, Anywhere Technology
Mobile Phone Use
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4. Authenticate
Convenient cash withdrawal
ResidentRam’s bank account
Interoperable Switch
1. Withdrawal request
6. Debit
8. Inform: Call / SMS
9. Cash
5. Authorize
4. Authenticate
2. AADHAAR number, money
transfer instruction, biometrics
BC with Micro-ATMBC’s bank account
Interoperable Switch
3. Forward to switch 7. Credit
UIDAI
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This means…This means…
• All the cash entitlements could be channeled
through Aadhaar enabled bank accounts.
Examples are: MNREGA wages, Scholarships,
Pensions, JSY, Disability Pensions etc
• This will improve viability of these accounts
• This has the potential to transform the
delivery of basic banking services at low costs
at the village level . Effectively replicating
business model of mobile phones. Aadhaar
Payments Bridge
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Aadhaar-enabled PDS
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ProcurementStorage
Distribution
Reform points in the PDSReform points in the PDS
ProcurementStorage
and transitDistribution
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Procurement and TransitProcurement and Transit
• Traders benefits if the MSP is higher than the
market price
• Aadhaar can ensure that only registered
farmers are able to sellfarmers are able to sell
• Money transfer can take place directly to the
Aadhaar-enabled bank accounts
• Aadhaar-based Authentication can effectively
track movements
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OffOff--take from Fair price shop take from Fair price shop
• Clean beneficiary list : ensures no fakes/duplicates
• Authentication at the time of off-take results in
– Transparency
– Accountability
– Effective Inventory control : FPS is also a point of
inventory control now
– Off-take based replenishments
• Possible to make demand-based supply chain
• Enables various delivery models
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Other Potential Application areasOther Potential Application areas
• MNREGA – Beneficiary List, Attendance,
Payments : PoC being done in Jharkhand
• Scholarships, Pensions, JSY and other
entitlements : identifications and paymentsentitlements : identifications and payments
• Child Tracking for Education, Health, mid-day
meals
• Mobile KYC – convenience and reduction of cost
• Delivery of various financial products for the poor
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Health & Aadhaar
Possible Interventions
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Target BeneficiariesTarget Beneficiaries
• Expectant & Nursing Mothers (covered under
Janani Suraksha Yojana - JSY)
• <3 years children (covered under Integrated
Child Development Services - ICDS)Child Development Services - ICDS)
• 3 – 6 years children (covered under Integrated
Child Development Services - ICDS)
• 11 to 18 years girls (covered under Kishori
Shakti Yojana – part of ICDS)
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GrassGrass--root level service providersroot level service providers
• ASHA workers
• Anganwadi workers (AWW)
• Anganwadi helpers (AWH)
• Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)• Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM)
• Medical Officers (MO)
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Expectant & Nursing MothersExpectant & Nursing Mothers
Registration of Beneficiary – JSY Card
Antenatal Checkups
Aadhaar Intervention
for Beneficiary
Aadhaar Intervention
for Service Provider
1. Embed Aadhaar no. in
JSY Card
2. Authentication after
every checkup
1. ASHA worker’s &
ANM’s authentication
2. ASHA worker’s & MO’s
authentication
3. ASHA worker’s & MO’s Delivery at Health
Centre
All Cash Disbursals
Neonatal checkup
3. Authentication after
delivery
4. Authentication before
and after receiving cash
5. Authentication after
checkup
3. ASHA worker’s & MO’s
authentication after
delivery
4. Authentication after
receiving cash
5. ASHA worker’s & MO’s
authentication after
checkup
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Children below 3 yearsChildren below 3 years
Birth
Immunizations
Aadhaar Intervention
for Beneficiary
Aadhaar Intervention
for Service Provider
1. Enrol for Aadhaar &
embed Aadhaar no. in
birth certificate, health
card
2. Mother’s authentication
after immunization
1. AWA’s & MO’s
authentication after
immunization
Monthly weight & health check-ups
Supplementary nutrition
Referrals, as required
3. Mother’s authentication
after every checkup
4. Authentication before
and after receiving cash
/ ration
5. Mother’s authentication
after checkup
2. AWA’s authentication
after checkup
3. AWA’s & MO’s
authentication after
checkup
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Children 3Children 3--6 years6 years
Immunizations
Quarterly weight & health check-ups
Aadhaar Intervention
for Beneficiary
Aadhaar Intervention
for Service Provider
1. Mother’s authentication
after immunization
2. Mother’s authentication
after every checkup
1. AWA’s & MO’s
authentication after
immunization
2. AWA’s authentication
after checkup
Non-formal pre-school education
Cooked meal at AngaanwadiCentre (pre-school)
Referrals, as required
3. Biometric enrolment
when children reach 5
years of age
4. Mother’s / child’s
authentication at pre-
school
5. Mother’s authentication
after checkup
3. AWA’s authentication
(equivalent to teacher’s
attendance)
4. AWA’s & MO’s
authentication after
checkup
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Adolescent Girls 11Adolescent Girls 11--18 years18 years
Nutritional & health
education
IFA supplements
Aadhaar Intervention
for Beneficiary
Aadhaar Intervention
for Service Provider
1. Beneficiary’s
authentication as
attendance
2. Biometric re-enrolment
when girls reach 15
years of age
1. AWA’s authentication
(equivalent to teacher’s
attendance)
IFA supplements & deworminginterventions
Vocational training
3. Authentication after
receiving supplements
4. Beneficiary’s
authentication as
attendance
2. AWA’s authentication
(equivalent to teacher’s
attendance)
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Aadhaar enabled SSA/educationAadhaar enabled SSA/educationCurrent issues How Aadhaar can address challenges
1 Duplicate/fake beneficiary lists • Aadhaar biometric de-duplication could ensure unique
genuine beneficiaries per school
2 Exclusion of residents without
proper identification documents • Aadhaar will provide identity and address proof
3 Tracking teacher and student
attendance
• Online Aadhaar authentication could help in real-time
confirmation of teacher, student presence in the
classroom
4 Lack of choice and mobility • Aadhaar authentication is not restricted to any one
school providing choice and mobility to the residents school providing choice and mobility to the residents
5 Leakages in scholarships, grants • Aadhaar authentication and FI platform could ensure
guaranteed and targeted delivery of benefit
6 Lack of monitoring student
enrolments/drop-outs
• Aadhaar enabled MIS system can help track students
and performance better
7 Integration with other student-
centric benefit programs
• Can help integrate student-benefit programs such as
ICDS, mid-day meals, bicycle programs, girl child
programs
8 Grievance handling and fraud
analytics
• Aadhaar authentication could enable fast grievance
reporting through mobile or online channels
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Aadhaar enabled MNREGAAadhaar enabled MNREGA
Current issues How Aadhaar can address challenges
1 Duplicate/fake beneficiary lists • Aadhaar biometric de-duplication will ensure unique
genuine beneficiaries
2 Exclusion of residents without
proper identification documents
• Aadhaar could provide identity and address proof to
seek job cards
3 Difficulties in demanding work
• Work can be demanded by using Aadhaar
authentication through mobile or kiosk enabling timely
employment or unemployment wages
• Aadhaar authentication could guarantee worker
4 Attendance at work sites
Aadhaar authentication could guarantee worker
presence at work site and improved accountability on
the work supervisor
5 Lack of choice and mobility • Aadhaar authentication is not restricted to any one area
providing choice and mobility to the residents
6 Payments • Aadhaar enabled micropayments platform could help in
efficient payment of wages through microATMs/BCs
7 Grievance handling and fraud
analytics
• Aadhaar auth could enable fast grievance reporting and
resolution through mobile or online channels
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