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SOCANMONITORINGWORKSHOP
2/28/17 WorkshopReport
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SOCANMONITORINGWORKSHOPI D E N T I F Y I N G P R I O R I T Y L O C A T I O N S F O R O C E A N A C I D I F I C A T I O N M O N I T O R I N G I N T H E U . S . S O U T H E A S T
SUMMARYTheSoutheastOceanandCoastalAcidificationNetwork(SOCAN)heldaworkshopinCharleston,SouthCarolinatofacilitatediscussiononprioritylocationsforoceanacidificationmonitoringintheSoutheast.Thediscussionincludedidentificationofkeygradientsinphysical,chemicalandbiologicalparametersalongtheSoutheastcoast,areviewofcurrentmonitoringefforts,andanassessmentofstakeholderneeds.Sixteenmonitoringlocationswereidentifiedaspotentialacidificationmonitoringlocations(seepage12).Thefollowingthreemonitoringlocationswerehighlightedasprioritysitesthatwouldfurtherourunderstandingofthechemistryandregionaldriversofoceanacidificationandaddressstakeholderneeds:
(1)SapeloIsland,GA
(2)GulfStream,offshoreofGray’sReef,GA
(3)BiscayneNationalPark,FL
Theworkshopconcludedwithadiscussionoflogisticsandopportunitiestopursuemonitoringattherecommendedlocations.AcopyoftheagendaisincludedinAppendix1.
PROCEEDINGSApproximately16expertsgatheredfortheSOCANMonitoringWorkshoptooutlinerecommendationsforpriorityoceanacidificationmonitoringlocationsintheSoutheast(AttendeeList,Appendix2).TheworkshopbeganwithintroductoryremarksregardingthestructureandresponsibilitiesofSOCANandSECOORA.Followingtheintroductoryremarks,participantsreviewedtheproposedagenda;nomodificationsweremade.
Thefirsthalf-daywasspentreviewingthestateofoceanacidificationscienceandregionalresponse.KimYatessharedasynthesisofthe2016SOCANStateoftheSciencemeeting,whichincludedareviewofwebinarsandkeyfindingsrelatedtoOAchemistry,modelingandorganismalresponse.Following
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theregionalreview,LeslieWickesledapresentationanddialogueregardingstakeholderneedsandhowtomergethesewithscientificneedstoprioritizemonitoringlocations.Next,participantsreviewedthecurrentmonitoringassetlistthatwaspopulatedviaonlinesubmissionpriortotheworkshop.ParticipantsdiscussedmodificationstotheSOCANMonitoringInventoryapproachandhowbesttoproceedwiththeeffort.Thedayconcludedwithanextensivereviewofbiological,chemicalandphysicalgradientsalongthecoastalregionsoftheU.S.Southeast,fromFlorida(eastandwestcoasts)toNorthCarolina.ParticipantsreviewedthelistofgradientsandnarrowedthemdowntoprioritygradientstoconsiderforanOAmonitoringapproach.
TheseconddaybeganwithareviewofmaterialpresentedinDay1andsynthesisofprioritygradientstopreparefordiscussionsofrecommendedlocations.Theparticipantsthensplitintothreegroupstoidentifykeygapsinmonitoringand3-5proposedsitestofillthesegaps.Thebreakoutgroupsincludedthosefocusedonchemistry,speciesresponseorstakeholderneeds.Eachgroupthenpresentedtheirproposedlocationsandreasoning.Followingareviewofallproposedsites,participantsvotedonthethreetheyconsideredhighestpriority.Thehighestprioritysiteswerethendiscussedindetail,inclusiveoffeasibility,logisticsandpartnershipstopursuetheproposedsites.Theworkshopconcludedwithdevelopmentandreviewofanoutlineofarecommendationreportforregionalmonitoring.
BACKGROUNDIn2016SOCANheldameetingtodiscussthestateofoceanacidificationscience,vulnerabilitiesanduniqueattributesoftheU.S.SoutheastRegion.Oneoftheprioritiesidentifiedinthisworkshopwastheneedtoaddressthelackofcoastalmonitoring.PreviousresearchindicatesmultipledriversofoceanandcoastalacidificationintheSoutheast,highlightingtheimportanceofregionaldynamics(e.g.riverineinput,GulfStream)thatcanmasktheeffectsofatmosphericinputsofcarbondioxideonshortertimescales.
TheSoutheastcurrentlylacksacohesivemonitoringapproachandnetwork.Thereareonlytwolong-termOAcontinuousmonitoringlocationsintheregion-CheecaRocksintheFloridaKeys(NOAACoralReefConservationProgram,NOAAOceanAcidificationProgram)andGray’sReefNationalMarineSanctuary(NOAAOceanAcidificationProgram),alongwithafewgrassrootsandresearch-drivenefforts.WhiletherearemultiplewaterqualityprogramsthroughouttheSoutheast,theseprogramslacktheabilitytomeasurecarbonatechemistrywiththequalitynecessarytodetermineacidificationimpacts.Waterqualityandresearchprogramsthroughouttheregionlackconsistentmethodologieslimitingthedata’sutilityforacohesivenetwork.
Attributionofacidificationsourcesiscriticalindevelopmentofstrategiesformanagementandmitigation.Identificationofacidificationsourcesunderlimitedresourcesrequiresathoughtfulapproach,leveragingopportunitiestocoordinatemonitoringefforts.
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DAY1:REVIEWOFCONSIDERATIONSFORMONITORINGAPPROACH
STATEOFTHESCIENCEThestateofoceanacidificationscienceintheSoutheastwasreviewedinthe2016SOCANWorkshopReport(Wickes,2016).Thekeyresearchpriorityidentifiedinthisworkshopwasto:
Measurekeyoceanacidificationparameters(pH,DIC,TA,pCO2,temperature,DO,salinity,chlorophyll,nutrients)acrossvariousspatialandtemporalscalestocharacterizetheregionanddevelopalgorithmsandindicatorsonrelevantspatialandtemporalscalesforecosystems.
Keyelementsofthismonitoringpriorityincludedestablishmentofbaselinestoworktowardattributionofacidificationsources;purposefulmergingofphysical,biogeochemical,organismalandecosystemresponse;anddevelopmentofalgorithmstoderiveparametersofthecarbonatesystem.
STAKEHOLDERNEEDS
Keystakeholdersidentifiedinthe2016StateoftheScienceWorkshopincludedfisheriesandthecoralreefindustry.WhilecommercialfisheriesintheSoutheastarenotasvaluableasotherU.S.regions,recreationalfisheriesrankthesecondhighestbehindtheGulfofMexico.Valueaddedoftherecreationalfisheriesexceeds$3.8billionwith84%consideredresidentsoftheregion(NationalMarineFisheriesService,2016).
Theproportionallyhighrecreationalfisheryindustryoffersauniquechallengetostakeholderengagementwhereinmanyotherregionscommercialfisherieshavebeentargeted.Additionally,theSoutheastistheonlyU.S.regionwithexpansiveshallow-watercoralreefs.ThelocalsalesimpactoftheFloridaKeyscoralreeftourismindustryfarexceedsthatoffishingwithatleast$60billioninlocalsales(recreationalcoralreefdiving,fishing,viewing).
Importantdiscussionpointsregardingstakeholdersincluded:
(1)Engagestakeholderswithacharge,notjustasrecipientsofinformation
(2)Leverageandcomplementexistingeffortssoastonotoverwhelmstakeholders
(3)Considerupstreamstakeholders
(4)IdentifyandcreateanengagementplanforlocaltribesandGullah-Geecheepopulations,manyofwhichvalueshellfishresourceseconomicallyorculturally
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(5)Becomeatrustedsourcebyprovidingtechnicalassistance
Citizensciencehasbeenatoolincreasinglyusedtoengagestakeholders,buthasbeendifficulttoutilizeinoceanacidificationresearchgiventhetechnicaldifficultiesofmeasuringthecarbonateparameters.Toovercometheseissues,itwasproposedtoutilizethenetworkofmarinelaboratoriesthatcouldprovidethetrainingandtoolsnecessarytomeasurecarbonateparametersattheaccuracynecessaryforoceanacidification.
SOCANMONITORINGINVENTORY
Priortotheworkshop,SOCANconductedasurveyofcurrentoceanacidificationmonitoringlocations.TherequestforsubmissionswasdistributedtotheSOCANSteeringCommittee,workshopparticipantsandtheSOCANlistserv.Thesubmissionswerecollectedandmapped;thepreliminaryinventorywasreviewedattheworkshop.Participantsaddedadditionallocationstothemapthatwereconsideredpriortomovingforwardwithproposingnewlocations.
ParticipantsthendiscussedthefutureoftheMonitoringInventoryeffortandestablishedthattheinventorywillbeintegratedintoongoingSOCANwebportalefforts.Initialeffortswillestablishametadataportalmappingthelocationsofstationsthatcollectcarbonatechemistrydata.IfandwhendataisincludedthedatawouldberequiredtomeetthestandardssetforthintheGOA-ONRequirementsandGovernmentPlan(2014)forcarbonatechemistry,limitingtheinputofpotentiometricpHdatafrommanycoastalwaterqualityassessments.
SOCANwillcarefullyconsidertheend-userincreatingaportalandalsoavoidduplicationofeffortsbypotentiallymirroringtheexistingGOA-ONportalataregionallevel.
SOUTHEASTGRADIENTS
Theworkshopsoughttoestablishandsynthesizethekeybiological,physicalandchemicalgradientsthatoccuralongtheU.S.Southeastcoast.Spanningsub-tropicaltotropicalclimates,abroadrangeofconditionsresultinadiversityofhabitatsrangingfromcoralreefstobrackishestuarinesystems.
Thefollowinggradientswerereviewedandconsidered(Table1).Parametersinboldwereselectedasthoseofhighestprioritytoconsiderforamonitoringapproach.
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Table1:GradientsofcoastalSoutheastparametersconsideredforanOAmonitoringapproach
Chemical Biological Geographic Physical
AirtemperatureSeasurfacetemperature(SST)TotalannualprecipitationRiverwater(coastalacidificationcontribution)CarbonateplatformpresenceChangeinnitrogenflowPhosphorousSeafloordissolvedoxygenSurfacechlorophyll-aAragonitesaturation(surfaceandatdepth)HypoxiapresenceEstuaryeutrophicscorepCO2pHDICDOCSalinity
SaltmarshabundanceSeagrassdistributionMangrovedistributionHardbottomessentialfishhabitat(EFH)ShrimpEFHGoldencrabEFHSpinylobsterEFHCoastalpelagics(EFH)CoralreefdistributionEasternoysterdistributionCold-watercoraldistributionSpeciesmigratoryroutesPhytoplankton,BacterioplanktonZooplankton
PopulationdensityPopulationchangeMPAandNEPlocationsEconomicsensitivityAdaptivecapacityLandusechangeFishingpermitsandlicenses
KarsttopographyUpwellingpresenceTidalcyclesSealevelriseBathymetryStormoccurrenceCirculation(GulfStreamlocation)Atmosphericwinds
Duringdiscussionsofmonitoringapproach,thecarefulselectionofindicatorspecieswashighlighted,notingthatpriortoconclusiveresearchonOAeffectsonSoutheastoysters,theiruseasanindicatorspeciesshouldbeapproachedcautiously.Pendingfurtherinvestigation,oysterhabitatwillbeconsideredinthemonitoringapproach,butnotconclusivelyasanOAindicatorfortheSoutheast.
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DAY2:IDENTIFICATIONOFPRIORITYMONITORINGLOCATIONS
FollowingreviewofDay1findingsandDay2objectives,participantssplitintothreegroupstoidentifygapsandprioritiesformonitoring.Thegroupsconsistedofthosefocusedonkeyspecies,chemistryandstakeholderneeds.FindingsfromBreakoutGroup1,Chemistry&Modeling:
Participants:KimYates,ChrisLangdon,ScottNoakes,RyanMoyer,RuoyingHe
ThegoalofChemistry&ModelingBreakoutGroupwastoidentifylocationsthatwouldsupportvalidationofmodelsanddiscernattributionsourcesofacidification.Thegroupsoughttocapturetheeffectsofupwelling,GulfStreamflowandriverinecontributiononthecarbonbudget.
PrioritySitesidentifiedbytheChemistry&ModelingGroup:
• PulleyRidge(Station42097)• GOMLoopCurrent(Station42003)• DiamondShoal(Station41025)• OculinaandCold-WaterReefsoffFlorida• Albemarle-PamlicoSound• TampaBay• SapeloIslandLTER• GuanaTolomatoMatanzasNERRS
FindingsfromBreakoutGroup2,KeySpecies:
Participants:LouBurnett,EmilyHall,LeslieWickes,JanessyFrometa,LaurenValentino
Group2soughttoidentifysitesthatprovidedkeyhabitattoeconomicallyimportantspecies,particularlythoseconsideredpotentiallyvulnerabletooceanacidification.Additionally,thegroupstrategizedtousepairedsitesthatmightelucidatemulti-stressoreffectsonspecies,suchasOAandharmfulalgalblooms(HABs)orOAandeutrophicscore.
PrioritySitesidentifiedbytheKeySpeciesGroup:
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• CharlotteHarbor(higheutrophicscore,highHABs)• SuwaneeRiver(loweutrophicscore,highHABs)• Albemarle-PamlicoSound(higheutrophicscore,lowHABs)• NorthInlet-WinyahBayNERRs(loweutrophicscore,lowHABs)• OculinaBanks• LowerFloridaReefTract• UpperFloridaReefTract/BiscayneNationalPark• SapeloIsland
FindingsfromBreakoutGroup3,StakeholderNeeds:
Participants:LibbyJewett,DebraHernandez,BrianRappoli,AnnaToline,PaulaKeener,JenniferVreeland
Group3’sgoalwastoidentifymonitoringsitesthatwouldbothfulfilltheneedsofstakeholdersandprovidestrongstakeholdersupportforoutreachefforts.Thegroupidentifiedentitiesthatwouldenableleveragingofoutreachefforts.TheseentitiesincludedtheU.S.NationalParkService,NationalEstuarineResearchReserves,NationalEstuaryProgramsstudyareas(NEPs),NOAANationalMarineSanctuaries,andaquariums.Thegroupalsoevaluatedsiteswithkeystakeholders,suchasthecoralreefindustryandshellfisheries.
PrioritySitesidentifiedbytheStakeholderNeedsGroup:
• BiscayneNationalPark• SapeloIsland• Albemarle-PamlicoSound• CharlestonHarbor• ApalachacolaBay,FL• RookeryBay,FL• TampaBay,FL
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PROPOSEDPRIORITYMONITORINGLOCATIONSANDJUSTIFICATIONS#1-10listedinorderofpriorityvotes
1. SapeloIsland,GAJustification:SapeloIsland,GAisanexistingLongTermEcologicalResearch(LTER)site.ThesiteisinshoreofGray’sReefNationalMarineSanctuary,wherethereiscurrentlyanoceanacidificationmooring.Thesitewouldprovidekeyinsighttoidentificationof,andattributionto,sourcesfromestuarineinputs.WiththeadditionofanoffshoreGulfStreamBuoy(seebelow),theonshore-offshoretransectwouldcontributetoourunderstandingofthecarbonbudget,revealingeffectsofriverineinputsandGulfStreammeandering.SapeloIslandalsohasthestakeholderSapeloSeaFarms,ashellfishfarmrunbySOCANSteeringCommitteememberCharliePhillips.Thesitewouldofferapotentialtestbedforstakeholdermonitoringandengagementefforts.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:
• LTERSite• ScottNoakes(UGAandSOCANSteeringCommittee&CharliePhillips(SapeloSeaFarms
andSOCANSteeringCommittee)engagedandinterestedinOAefforts• Potentialcollaborationwitheffortstoestablishuser-friendlycarbonatechemistrysensor
equipment
2. GulfStreamBuoy,Off-shoreGray’sReef,GAJustification:WiththeadditionofaSapeloIslandstation,anewGulfStreamBuoywouldcompleteanonshore-offshoretransectofoceanacidificationmonitoringandaddressmodelvalidationneeds.ThissitewouldfillacriticalgapthatwouldprovideinsightontheGulfStreamcontributionstowardacidificationattribution,includinglongitudinalchangestothecurrentanditsinfluenceonupwelling.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:
• Newbuoyunlikelyinthenearfutureduetocostlimitations• PotentialuseofNOAANationalMarineSanctuaryvesselsformaintenancecouldreduce
costs
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• Thoughacontinuousmonitoringstationmaybeafar-futurepossibility,theremaybeopportunitiestobeginopportunisticsamplingtargetingtemporalupwelling
3. BiscayneNationalPark,FLJustification:BiscayneNationalParkisjustsouthofthenorthernmostareasoftheFloridaCoralReefTractwhere,accordingtorecentresearch,reefsexperienceseasonaldissolutionduringfallandwinter(Muehllehneretal.2016).ThismarginalsiteforcoralreefswouldprovidecontexttothehigherqualityreefhabitatneartheNOAACheecaRocksbuoy.BiscayneNationalParksiteoffersopportunitiestoleverageothermonitoringeffortsandforstakeholderengagement.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:
• LeveragingNOAAAtlanticOceanographicMeteorologicalLaboratory(AOML),NationalParkServiceanduniversitynetworkformonitoringactivitiesandstakeholderengagement
• Goodlocationtospearheadauniversity-basedcitizenscienceinitiative
4. FloridaKeysLowerReefTractJustification:TheFloridaLowerReefTractintheKeyWestregionhasahighdensityoftheFloridacoralreeftourismindustry.Thesiteoffersanestablishedstakeholdernetworkthatcouldbepairedwithmonitoringefforts.ThesereefsrepresentoneofthemostvulnerablehabitatsintheUnitedStatestooceanacidification;additionalefforts,suchaspore-watersampling,wouldcontributetoongoingeffortstounderstandthevulnerabilityoftheFloridaKeysreefstoOA.Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:
• LeveragingAOMLandextensionofCheecaRocksoperationsandPhytoplanktonMonitoringNetworkscouldlowermonitoringcosts
• Goodregiontoutilizenewlowercosttechnologiestoengagealargestakeholdernetwork
5. Albemarle-PamlicoSound,NC
Justification:TheAlbemarle-PamlicoSoundisahighlyeutrophicestuarythatwouldprovideatest-bedforcoastalacidificationattributionidentification.EconomicallyimportantshellfishindustriesandlocalscientistsatDukeUniversityandUniversityofNorthCarolinacouldpotentiallyprovidesupportforthemonitoringeffortandstakeholderengagement.TheregionhasanOAsamplingstationatPiversIslandCoastalObservatory(PICO)thatcouldbecomplimentedbyacontinuous
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monitoringstation.
6. CharlestonHarbor,SCJustification:CharlestonHarborhassignificantpersonnelresourcesincludingtheSOCANProgramCoordinator,DirectorofSECOORAandSouthCarolinaSeaGrant.Thesiteoffersutilityinstakeholderengagement.AdditionalresourcescanpotentiallybeleveragedthroughlocaluniversitiesandtheSCDepartmentofNaturalResources.SECOORAinpartnershipwithSCDNRandNERRsareinstallingandnewwaterqualitystationintheCharlestonHarborin2017.
7. OculinaBanks,FLJustification:OculinareefsarefoundalongtheshelfedgeofftheeastcoastofFloridaat60-100mdepth.Lowaragonitesaturation(Ωarag)watersimpingetowardthesurfacefromwesttoeast,wheretheΩarag1.5contourreaches75mwaterdepthalongtheshelfbreak.ThesedepthsandlocationscoincidewithOculinaanddeep-waterreefhabitat.Thesesitesalsocoincidewiththe2016-2019SoutheastDeepSeaCoralInitiativethatcouldpotentiallybeleveragedforOAsamplingefforts.
8. DiamondShoal,OffshoreNCJustification:AdditionalOAsensorsonanexistingoffshorebuoy(NDBC41025)wouldprovideanonshore-offshoretransectfromexistingPamlicoSoundsefforts(e.g.PICO).ThesensorswouldprovideinsighttoeffectsoftheGulfStreamonOAparameters.
9. EastFloridaSlope-PulleyRidgeJustification:AddingOAsensorstotheexistingoffshorebuoy(NDBC42097)wouldcapturetheeffectsoftheGulfofMexico(GOM)loopcurrentonacidificationatarelativelyshallowsite(~80m).PulleyRidgeisamesophoticcoralsitethatformsimportanthabitatforgrouper.
10. GOMLoopCurrentJustification:AddingOAsensorstotheexistingoffshorebuoy(NDBC42003)wouldcapturetheeffectsoftheGulfofMexicoloopcurrentonacidificationatadeepsite(~3200m).
11. SuwanneeRiver,FLJustification:TheFloridaregionneartheSuwanneeRiverhasrelativelylowhumanimpactthatcouldbeusedasapairedsitewithaeutrophicsystem.Theregionhasalowpopulationdensitybuthasa
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significantshellfishindustry.TheregionisfrequentlyexposedtoHABs,whichwouldprovideapairedsitewiththemore-developed,butstillHAB-exposed,TampaBayregion.
12. NorthInlet-WinyahBay,SCJustification:Thissiteiswouldactasalow-impactsitepairedwithothereutrophicsystems,suchasthePamlicoEstuaryjustnorth.Thesitesarerelativelysimilarregardinghabitatandnaturalconditions,butdifferintheireutrophicscore.TheregionisaNERRssite,offeringutilityinsetupandmaintenance,andisalsoanimportantregionfortheshellfishindustry.
13. ApalachicolaBayor(14)RookeryBay,FLNERRsJustification:EithersiteofferstheopportunitytoworkwithaNERRssitetoleveragethemonitoringeffortandstakeholderengagement.Theregionhasamedium-higheutrophicscorethatcouldbepairedwithloweutrophicscoreNERRssites.
15.CharlotteHarboror(16)TampaBay,FLJustification:Thesesitesincludehighlyeutrophicsystemswithhighpopulationgrowth,prevalentHABs,densityofoystersandclamsandnearbypartners(e.g.MoteMarineLaboratory,NationalEstuaryProgram,U.S.GeologicalSurvey).SeagrassrestorationandnewOAmonitoringeffortswouldcomplimentacontinuousmonitoringsystemandcapturepotentialaffectsofrestoration.
Logisticalconsiderationsandopportunities:
• LeveragingUSGSandTampaBayEstuaryProgramandextensionofTampaBayOAresearchandmonitoringoperations
• TampaBaymaybeactingasanoceanacidificationrefuge
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1.SapeloIsland
2.GulfStreamBuoy
3.BiscayneNationalPark
4.LowerFLReefTract
5.Albemarle-PamlicoSound,NC
6.CharlestonHarbor,SC
7.OculinaBanks
8.DiamondShoal
9.PulleyRidge
10.GOMLoopCurrent
11.Suwanee,FL
12.NorthInlet-WinyahBay,SC
13.ApalachicolaBay,FL
14.RookeryBay,FL
15.CharlotteHarbor,FL
16.TampaBay,FL
17 PiversIslandCoastalObservatory(PICO)
DIC,pH Weekly ZackaryJohnson,DukeUniversity
18 Gray’sReefNationalMarineSanctuary
pCO2,pH 3hrs NOAAOceanAcidificationProgramScottNoakes,UniversityofGeorgiaWei-JunCai,UniversityofDelaware
19 CheecaRocks pCO2,pH 3hrs NOAAOceanAcidificationProgramNOAAAtlanticOceanographic&MeteorologicalLaboratory(AOML)
20 DryTortugas pCO2,pH 1hr KimYates,U.S.GeologicalSurvey
10 TampaBay,FL pCO2,pH, 1hr KimYates,U.S.GeologicalSurvey
MAPOFMONITORINGLOCATIONS PROPOSEDEFFORTS
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SOCANOAMONITORINGAPPROACHWHITEPAPEROUTLINE
1.Needs(scienceandstakeholders)
• Scienceo Evidencethatcoastalacidificationisalreadyoccurringandatveryrapidrateso Somespeciesarealreadyaffected(corals,potentiallyshellfish)o Manygapso Uniqueregiono StateofthesciencekeyfindingsandguidancefordevelopingregionalOAmonitoring
activities• Stakeholders
o Socioeconomicsverydrivenbyvulnerablehabitatandspecies
ImplementationUnderway DIC,TA
CURRENTEFFORTS
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o Commercialandrecreationalvulnerabilities,culturalvulnerability,vulnerabilityrisksfromcoastalhazards
o Manyprotectedareas–managementneedsforprotection,restoration,mitigation,etc.o Verylittleinformationexiststoinformvulnerabilityassessments
2.Complexities
• Manyandextremegradientsacrossregion• BasicOAchemistrydrivenbymanygradientfactors• Multi-stressorfactorsaremanyandcomplex• Spatialandtemporalgradientsfurtherconfoundmulti-stressorimpacts
3.Gradients
• Gradientsdescription• Howweusegradientsasnaturallaboratories(opportunity)• Modelstofillgapsinobservations• Keytargetedgradientsinourregion(climate,upwelling,freshwaterinflow,eutrophication,etc.)
4.Strategicandprioritylocations
• Listofalllocationsprioritizedbyscienceandmanagementneedsalongwithtextforjustification• Discussionof‘lowhangingfruit’withrespecttopartnership/collaborativeactivities• Identifiedlogisticalneedsforspecificlocations(e.g.tracklinecruisesinestuariesversusoffshore
buoys,etc.)
5.Approach
• Partnershipandcollaborativeopportunities,examplesdiscussedfortopthreesites.Thisisanapproachthatshouldbeimplementedwhenconsideringadditionallocations.
• Creativeefficiencies,developinguniversitycollaborationstoincorporateOAmonitoringinundergraduate/graduatecurriculaforhigherlevelcitizenscienceandstudenteducationalopportunities.Alsoconsiderutilizationofstudentinternsandvolunteers.
• Tieredapproach:wouldliketocontinueandaddbuoylocations.Especiallyinestuaries,ifnobuoysexist,shouldstartwithdiscretesamplingtoprovidebaselinedata,informmodelvalidation,anddetermineneedandlocationforbuoyops.Foroffshore,buoysareideal,buteventtargeted(e.g.Gulfstreammeandering)discretesampling(vertical)before,duringandaftereventswouldbeusefultoinformmodelingandbeginfillinggaps.Insomeareas,likeFloridaKeys,thereisgoodOAmonitoringbutotherdatagapsthatneedtosupplementOAmonitoring(e.g.porewaterDOasrelatedtonutrientdrivencarbonatedissolution).
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6.Recommendations(towardimplementation)
7.Nextsteps(towardimplementation)
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I. APPENDIXI:AGENDA
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II. APPENDIXII:PARTICIPANTLIST
Name Affiliation Email
Lou Burnett College of Charleston [email protected]
Tori Ferrara SOCAN Volunteer Intern [email protected]
Janessy Frometa NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
Emily Hall Mote Marine Laboratory [email protected]
Ruoying He North Carolina State University [email protected]
Debra Hernandez SECOORA [email protected]
Libby Jewett NOAA Ocean Acidification Program [email protected]
Paula Keener NOAA Office of Exploration & Research [email protected]
Chris Langdon University of Miami [email protected]
Ryan Moyer Florida Fish & Wildlife Research Institute [email protected]
Scott Noakes University of Georgia [email protected]
Brian Rappoli Environmental Protection Agency [email protected]
Anna Toline National Park Service [email protected]
Lauren Valentino NOAA AOML [email protected]
Jennifer Vreeland G-CAN Program Coordinator [email protected]
Leslie Wickes SOCAN Program Coordinator [email protected]
Kim Yates USGS [email protected]
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III. REFERENCES
MuehllehnerN.,LangdonC.,VentiA.,KadkoD.(2016).Dynamicsofcarbonatechemistry,production,andcalcificationoftheFloridaReefTract(2009–2010):Evidenceforseasonaldissolution,GlobalBiogeochem.Cycles,30,661–688,doi:10.1002/2015GB005327.
NationalMarineFisheriesService.(2016).FisheriesEconomicsoftheUnitedStates(2014).U.S.Dept.ofCommerce,NOAATech.Memo.NMFS-F/SPO-163,237p.
NewtonJ.,FeelyR.,JewettE.,WilliamsonP.,MathisJ.(2014).GlobalOceanAcidificationObservingNetwork:RequirementsandGovernancePlan.FirstEdition,September2014.http://www.goa-on.org/docs/GOA-ON_plan_print.pdf
Wickes,L.(2016)2016StateoftheScienceWorkshopReport.SoutheastOceanandCoastalAcidificationNetwork(SOCAN).