soc101y introduction to sociology professor robert brym lecture #2 22 sep 10 course website
TRANSCRIPT
SOC101YSOC101Y
Introduction to SociologyIntroduction to SociologyProfessor Robert BrymProfessor Robert Brym
Lecture #2Lecture #222 Sep 1022 Sep 10
Course WebsiteCourse Website
http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/soc101y/brym
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Culture is the sum of socially transmitted ideas, practices, and material objects that people create to overcome real-life problems. Culture gives us guidelines for how to act.
A society exists when people interact and share culture, generally in a geographically delimited area.
Hero’s Aeolopile, 1Hero’s Aeolopile, 1stst century century c.e.c.e.
The Atanasoff-Berry The Atanasoff-Berry Digital Computer, circa Digital Computer, circa
19391939
Ethnocentrism involves judging another culture exclusively by the standards of one’s own.
Cultural relativism is the belief that all elements of all cultures should be respected as equally valid.
Prevalence of Prevalence of Cliterectomy in AfricaCliterectomy in Africa
Prevalence over 90% in: Egypt Guinea Eritrea Djibouti Mali Somalia Sierra Leone
Immigrants by Source Area, Immigrants by Source Area, Canada, pre-1961 and 2005 (in Canada, pre-1961 and 2005 (in percent)percent)
3.9
90.5
3.2
0.5
1.4
0.4
USA
Europe
Asia
Africa
C & S America
Other
52.7
18.8
9.4
0.0
3.5 15.6
USA
Europe
Asia and Pacif ic
Africa & MiddleEast
C & S America
OtherBefore 1961 2005
Canada’s Foreign-Born Population by Continent of Birth, 1981-2031
Foreign-born Canadians as percent of population*
1881 14.0%1931 22.2%1981 15.8%2006 19.8%2031 26.5%
* Percentages were read from a graph and are therefore approximate.
In the long run, do you think the In the long run, do you think the scientific advances we are making will scientific advances we are making will
help or harm humankind? (percent help or harm humankind? (percent who say who say ““will helpwill help””))
0
20
40
60
80
100
Sweden India Canada USA China
Percent
Postmodernism involves: The eclectic mixing of
cultural elements from different times and places;
the erosion of authority; and the decline of consensus
around core values
Rationalization is the application of the most efficient means to achieve given goals and the often unintended, negative consequences of doing so.
A bureaucracy is a large, impersonal organization composed of many clearly defined positions arranged in a hierarchy. It has a permanent, salaried staff of qualified experts and written goals, rules and procedures. Staff members strive to achieve goals more efficiently.
Approximate Income, Cost and Approximate Income, Cost and Profit per SOC101 Student, U of T, Profit per SOC101 Student, U of T, 1993 and 20101993 and 2010
Year 1993 2010
Classes 4 1
Students 1,000 1,400
TAs 12 7
A. Tuition income per student $415 $1,250
B. Personnel cost per student* $265 $165
Net income per student (A-B) $150 $1,085
Net income per student, 2010 $
$200 $1,085
* Excludes overhead
Consumerism is a lifestyle that involves defining one’s self in terms of the goods one purchases.
Early 80s: Inventor of gansta rap
ICE-T (Tracy Marrow)ICE-T (Tracy Marrow)Now: Detective Finn,Law and Order SVU