soc 204 goldberg ch 6
TRANSCRIPT
AlcoholGoldberg Chapter 6SOC 204 Drugs & Society
Is someone close to you an alcoholic?
A. Yes, more than one person
B. Yes, one personC. No
Yes, m
ore th
an one person
Yes, o
ne per
son No
54%
17%
29%
Alcohol
• Fermentation• Distillation• Proof
Pharmacology• Absorption• Distribution• Metabolism• Mechanism of Action• BLOOD ALCOHOL
CONTENT
Alcohol is metabolized in your liverA. TrueB. False
True
False
0%
100%
You can increase your rate of metabolizing alcohol by exercise or by taking caffeine
A. TrueB. False
True
False
100%
0%
Alcohol’s Effects
• Alcohol acts on the cerebrum affecting▫ Judgment▫ Reasoning▫ Inhibitions▫ Motor activity▫ Impairs the senses
• Mouse Party
BAC (%)Behavioral Effects
•0.05 Lowered alertness, release of inhibitions, impaired judgment•0.10 Slower reaction times, impaired motor function, less caution•0.15 Large, consistent increases in reaction time•0.20 Marked depression in sensory and motor capability, intoxication•0.25 Severe motor disturbance, staggering, great impairment•0.30 Stuporous but conscious—no comprehension of what’s going on
•0.35 Surgical anesthesia; about LD1, minimal level causing death
•0.40 About LD50
Alcohol primarily impacts this part of the brain:
A. Limbic systemB. CerebellumC. Cerebral cortexD. Basal ganglia
Limbic
system
Cerebellum
Cerebral co
rtex
Basal g
anglia
0% 0%
79%
21%
Alcohol sedates by increasing glutamate’s action – an agonist response.
A. TrueB. False
True
False
95%
5%
Alcoholism
• Alcoholism ▫Condition in which an individual loses control over
intake of alcohol
• Substance Use Disorder▫Physical, social, intellectual, emotional, or financial
problems resulting from the use of alcohol▫Withdrawal symptoms▫Tolerance▫Blackouts
Alcoholism
•Some consider alcoholism to be a disease▫Compared to heart disease or diabetes▫1956 American Medical Association
declared it a disease▫Disease can be used as a legal defense▫Receive treatment rather than punishment
Do you agree alcoholism is a disease?
A. YesB. NoC. I’m not sure
YesNo
I’m not s
ure
42%
23%
35%
Alcoholism
•Genetics▫50-60% of alcoholism vulnerability has a
genetic basis▫Environmental factors affect the impact of
genetics
Alcoholism
•Psychosocial factors▫20% of alcoholics have a mood or anxiety
disorder▫Individuals are more likely to drink heavily
when in a group▫Expectations about alcohol are predictors
of dependence▫Associated with a greater number of sexual
partners
Alcoholism
•Culture▫Attitudes toward alcohol affect rates of
alcohol abuse
Alcohol Withdrawal
•Characteristics of alcohol withdrawal:▫Craving for alcohol▫Delirium tremens (DTs)▫Extreme arousal▫Auditory and visual hallucinations▫Physiological symptoms▫Cognitive symptoms
Impacts of AlcoholIndividualFamily Society
Family Effects•Children of alcoholics
▫Often experience sleep difficulties, depression, loneliness, and stomach problems
▫Alienated from parents, have poor communication skills, less trust, and more emotional longing
▫Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
•Adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs)▫Feelings of failure and self-deprecation▫Feel a great need to be in control
Addict• Behaviors
▫Use of chemicals
▫Abusive▫Controlling▫Withdrawal of
love, attention, affection
▫Blaming▫Anger▫Self-
righteousness
Underlying feeling:
SHAME
Co-Dependent
•Behaviors▫Rescuing▫Excusing▫Denial▫Helplessness▫Martyr
Underlying feeling:
ANGER
Hero
•Behaviors▫The “Good Kid”▫High achiever▫Successful▫Overly
responsible▫Intellectual
Underlying feeling:
INADEQUACY
Scapegoat
• Behaviors▫ Acting out▫ Defiant▫ Peer-
oriented▫ Sullen, angry▫ Irresponsible▫ Chemical use▫ Law
breaking, truancy
Underlying feeling:
HURT
Lost Child
•Behaviors▫Withdrawn▫Loner▫Day dreamer▫Unnoticed
Underlying Feeling:
LONELINESS
Mascot
•Behaviors▫Attention-
getting ▫Humor▫Clowning▫Super cute▫Overly active▫Silly
Underlying Feeling: FEAR
I know that for Friday’s discussion, I need to interview two people.
A. Got itB. I do now!
Got it
I do now!
50%50%
Which do you most identify with?A. AddictB. Co-dependentC. HeroD. ScapegoatE. Lost ChildF. Mascot
Addict
Co-dependent
Hero
Scapego
at
Lost
Child
Masco
t
14%
5%9%
5%9%
59%
COSTS•Hero
▫Compulsive drive, pressure, suicide•Scapegoat
▫Addiction, criminal behavior, drop out•Lost Child
▫Isolation, abuse victim, eating disorders
•Mascot▫Immaturity, distant relationships,
manipulation
Correlations with Violence
As alcohol use escalates, so does violence▫Domestic partner
violence 66%▫Sexual Assault 37%▫Homicides 40%▫Child abuse 70%
http://www.ph.ucla.edu/sciprc/pdf/ALCOHOL_AND_VIOLENCE.pdf
Suicide
▫About 7% of alcoholics commit suicide
▫16% of men and 10% of women entering alcohol treatment have contemplated suicide
▫38% of people who hanged themselves had alcohol in their system
▫32% of veterans who attempted suicide were diagnosed with alcohol abuse or disorder
Accidents and Alcohol▫Drinking while
driving Emergency room admissions
▫Fire-related fatalities
▫Alcohol-related boating accidents
▫Drowning fatalities
YouTube
Prohibition
• Temperance Movement – view of alcohol
• Prohibition • States 1851• Federal 1919
• Repealed in 1933• Since 1933, states
regulate alcohol • Federal taxation
Total estimated U.S. per capita ethanol consumption in gallons per year by state, 2007
Source: Data from NIAAA
© 2011 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.
Who drinks and why
• Cultural Differences• Trends in US• Regional Differences• Gender Differences• Drinking Among College Students
Most college students reduce their binge drinking after graduating from college.
A.TrueB.False
True
False
14%
86%
The younger one is when drinking alcohol for the first time, the more likely one will become a problem drinker.
A.TrueB.False
True
False
29%
71%
Underage Drinking• Underage drinking is
associated with premature death, disease, injury, property damage, motor vehicle crashes, alcohol-related crime and loss of productivity
• There is a significant relationship between drinking before age 13 and suicide attempts
Underage Drinking
•High school students who engaged in binge drinking were six times more likely to drink and drive ▫7.2% of 8th-grade students binge drink▫16.3% of 9th-grade students binge drink▫23.2% of 12th-grade students binge drink
Moderate alcohol drinkers have lower rates of cardiovascular disease than abstainers.
A.TrueB.False
True
False
32%
68%
Physiological Toxicity
• Overdose• Hangover
When someone passes out from alcohol use:
A. Put them on their back
B. Put them to bed and let them sleep it off
C. Put them on their side
Put them on th
eir back
Put them to
bed and let..
.
Put them on th
eir side
0% 0%0%
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
There is a safe level of alcohol to consume while pregnant
A. TrueB. False
True
False
33%
67%
Physiological Toxicity - Brain•Wernicke-Korsakoff
syndrome develops because alcohol impedes the body’s ability to utilize thiamine (a B vitamin)
•Alcohol use is associated with psychological symptoms: depression, anxiety
Physiological Toxicity - Liver
•Three main conditions associated with alcohol:▫Fatty liver▫Alcohol hepatitis▫Cirrhosis
•Cirrhosis is irreversible, even if alcohol use stops
Physiological Toxicity – Digestive System• In moderate amounts, alcohol aids digestion by
increasing gastric juice in the stomach
• Too much alcohol can irritate the stomach, leading to internal bleeding
• Heavy alcohol use is implicated in acute pancreatitis
• Alcoholics often have malnutrition because alcohol interferes with the body’s ability to utilize nutrients
Physiological Toxicity – Circulatory System
•Moderate alcohol use reduces risk of heart disease, boosts good (HDL) cholesterol and helps prevent type 2 diabetes
•Effects of heavy alcohol use:▫Degeneration of the heart muscle▫High blood pressure▫Cardiac arrhythmias▫Ischemic heart disease ▫Strokes
Physiological Toxicity – Immune System• Studies show that
moderate alcohol use reduces immunity
• Alcohol interferes with white blood cells, particularly T lymphocytes, which help to resist infections
How’s your group doing?
A. We rock. B. Working on it.C. We need help.D. Group? What
group?
We ro
ck.
Work
ing on it.
We need help.
Group?
What g
roup?
43%
5%10%
43%