soa - aligning business and it?
DESCRIPTION
SOA - Aligning Business and IT? . Ole Rasmussen Senior IT Architect, Business Manager IBM Global Business Services (+45) 2880 9572 [email protected]. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
© 2005 IBM Corporation
Microsoft Arkitekt Forum
En dag med Service Orienteret Arkitektur platforme
SOA - Aligning Business and IT?
Ole RasmussenSenior IT Architect, Business ManagerIBM Global Business Services(+45) 2880 [email protected]
2 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
3 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
“Through 2010, the biggest barriers to SOA adoption will be non-technical issues related to inadequate governance, lack of clear value metrics, poorly defined requirements and scope, and insufficient business involvement in project prioritization and service identification.”
Predicts 2007: Application Strategy and Governance Emerge as Core IT Competencies, Gartner, November 2006
4 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Do we all agree on the basics?Service-Oriented Architecture is an architectural style that supports service orientation - a way of thinking in terms of services and service-based development
The Service-Oriented Architecture architectural style has the following distinctive features It's based on the design of the services - which mirror real-world business activities comprising the enterprise (or inter-enterprise) business processes. Service representation uses business descriptions to provide context (i.e., business process, goal, rule, policy, service interface, and service component) and implements services using service orchestration. It places unique requirements on the infrastructure - it's recommended that implementations use open standards to realize interoperability and location transparency. Implementations are environment-specific - they're constrained or enabled by context and must be described in that context. It requires strong governance of service representation and implementation. It requires a "litmus test" that determines a "good service."
A service is a logical representation of a repeatable business activity that has a specified outcome (e.g., check customer credit; provide weather data) Is self-contained May be composed of other services Is a “black box” to consumers of the service
Open Group’s definition of SOA - http://www.opengroup.org/projects/soa/doc.tpl?gdid=10632
5 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Your context influences your perception of SOA
A programming model complete with standards, tools, methods and technologies such as Web services
Capabilities that a business wants to expose as a set of services to clients and partner organizations
An architectural style that requires a service provider, requestor and a service description. It addresses characteristics such as loose coupling, reuse and simple and composite implementations
Implementation
Architecture
Business
OperationsA set of agreements among service requestors and service providers that specify the quality of service and identify key business and IT metrics
6 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Core in a SOA based architecture is the services, but more is needed – convergence towards this layered model (“SOA Solution Stack”)
Data A
rchitecture & B
usiness Intelligence
QoS, Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure Service
Custom Application
Packaged Application
Packaged Application
Custom Application
consumers
business processesprocess choreography
servicesatomic and composite
service components
operational systems
Service C
onsumer
Service P
rovider
OO Application
Portlet WSRP B2B Other Integration (Enterprise Service Bus approach)
Governance
7 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Web Services can be a part of the answer ... but mostly we'll get to that later
Most of today's production Web Services systems aren't service oriented architectures - they're simple remote procedure calls or point-to-point messaging via SOAP or well structured integration architectures
Service Oriented Architecture is another partMost of today's production service oriented architectures don't primarily use Web Services - they use ftp, batch files, asynchronous messaging etc. - mature technologies
Web services = Standardization = Interoperability = Good
BOTH= Optimal
SOA = Componentization = Flexibility = Good
Is Web services part of the answer?
8 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Everything is not services, and services are not everything! The SOA Solution Stack is an architectural view of the SOA building blocks. These are only a fraction of the architectural building blocks in the enterprise.
Data Architecture &
Business Intelligence
QoS, Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure
Service
Custom Application
Packaged Application
Packaged Application
Custom Application
consumers
business processesprocess choreography
servicesatomic and composite
service components
operational systems
Service C
onsumer
Service P
rovider
OO Application
Portlet WSRP B2B Other Integration (Enterprise Service Bus approach)
Governance
Data Architecture &
Business Intelligence
QoS, Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure
Service
Custom Application
Packaged Application
Packaged Application
Custom Application
consumers
business processesprocess choreography
servicesatomic and composite
service components
operational systems
Service C
onsumer
Service P
rovider
OO Application
Portlet WSRP B2B Other Integration (Enterprise Service Bus approach)
Governance
This is an application by itself composed of the “usual” components like user interface, business logic and data
9 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
1. Client requests application form2. Provider sends it3. Client fills it out and returns it4. Provider determines “yes” or “no” and sends it
back
1. Client calls provider2. Provider asks “How can I help?”3. Client: “I’d like a mortgage, please.”4. Provider: “What is your name?”5. Client: “Bond, James Bond”6. Provider: “What is your address?”7. Client: …8. …9. Provider: “Ok, your mortgage number is 42; I’ll post the details.”
By Post – the Service Style By Phone – the API Style
Service Like API Like Implications
Few, large grained interactions
Many small-grained interactions Provider and requestor can be more distant
Less overhead
Every interaction is the same
Every interaction is different Less complex to change if one aspect of the interaction must change
All requestors must accommodate the way the provider service works
Each interaction fulfills one step in a business process. There is no shared process (or state) at a lower level.
Many interactions to complete one step in a business process. Often much shared process (or state) in these interactions
Less complexity to understand or coordinate if the consumer or provider need to change
Process and state models need only agree at the level of shared business process
Anti-pattern: Chatty Services – decreasing flexibility and increasing complexity
10 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
I.e. we need a method aimed at enabling target business processes through the identification, specification and realization of business-aligned services that form the foundation of a SOA
A service is a logical representation of a repeatable business activity that has a specified outcome
Service-Oriented Architecture is based on the design of the services - which mirror real-world business activities comprising the enterprise (or inter-enterprise) business processes.
Service-oriented modeling is necessary to define a service-oriented architecture - just as OOAD is necessary to define object-oriented systems and component-based development is used to define component-based architectures
Data A
rchitecture & B
usiness Intelligence
QoS, Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure
Service
Custom Application
Packaged Application
Packaged Application
Custom Application
consumers
business processesprocess choreography
servicesatomic and composite
service components
operational systems
Service C
onsumer
Service P
rovider
OO Application
Portlet WSRP B2B Other Integration (Enterprise Service Bus approach)
Governance
Data A
rchitecture & B
usiness Intelligence
QoS, Security, M
anagement &
Monitoring Infrastructure
Service
Custom Application
Packaged Application
Packaged Application
Custom Application
consumers
business processesprocess choreography
servicesatomic and composite
service components
operational systems
Service C
onsumer
Service P
rovider
OO Application
Portlet WSRP B2B Other Integration (Enterprise Service Bus approach)
Governance
Process
DataService
Leading bad practice: Using use cases for service identification!
11 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Be careful about modeling responsibilities – especially expectations for business people. We want to align business and IT, but have to acknowledge that understanding and creating models is complicated
Process
DataService
Business people can model processes, but typically do not bother with variances, compensation and low level details regarding data
Business people can model data on conceptual level, but typically gets into troubles modeling on the logical level.
Business people can identify services and describe them on “conceptual” level
Conceptual Logical Physical (XML)
12 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Candidate Services
Business Alignment Composability
Externalized Service Description Redundancy Elimination
ServiceLitmusTest
Services (Exposed)
All business activities are not good services.We must distinguish between candidate and exposed services
SOA requires a "litmus test" that determines a "good service."
Remember: Deciding to promote a service has a price tag
– Modeling
– Infrastructure (in operations)
– Governance
Composability is defined as an attribute that enables the service to participate in a service composition
The service must be traceable back to a business task or goal or it may not yield benefits required for SOA implementation
The most basic property of a service is that it has an externalized service descriptionThe service must be usable
in all contexts where its function is required
13 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
We want to omit point-to-point interaction: Central in an SOA you find the Enterprise Service Bus – mediating the service consumer and the service provider
Who has what responsibility? Can you see performance challenges?
Provider Applications
Requester Applications
Requester SIP
Bus
Provider SIP
Mediation
Service Registry
Human Tasks
Existing Application
External Service
New Business Logic
Business Rules
Process Coordination
Interact
QoSMediate
MonitorMonitor CorrelateCorrelateDistributeDistributeRouteRouteTransformTransformProtocol Switch
Protocol Switch EnrichEnrich
Consider this in a multi-provider environment
14 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
“Effective IT Governance is the single most important predictor of value an organization generates from IT.”
MIT Sloan School of Mgmt.
SOA approach mandates strong governance …
BusinessOpportunity
TechnologyAvailability
Planning
Model & Assemble
Strategy
Deploy & Manage
BusinessStrategy
InformationTechnology
Strategy
ITArchitecture
Business Operating Environmentand IT Infrastructure
IT Solutions
BusinessArchitecture
Ente
rpris
e-w
ide
focu
s
Consistent Service Model
ReconcileMultiple
Viewpoints & Interests
The governance model defines: What has to be done? How is it done? Who has the authority to do it? How is it measured?
Actually“Inter-
enterprise”
15 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
16 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
Eating the SOA elephant is about planning your services and increasing your Service Orientation capabilities
Silo
Level 1
Services
Level 4
Composite Services
Level 5
VirtualizedServices
Level 6 Level 7
DynamicallyRe-Configurable
ServicesComponentized
Level 3
Integrated
Level 2
Modules Services Process Integration via Services
Dynamic Application AssemblyComponentsObjectsApplicationsApplications
Structured Analysis & Design
Service OrientedModeling
Service OrientedModeling
Grammar OrientedModeling
Component Based Development
Object OrientedModelingMethodsMethods
Function Oriented
ServiceOriented
ServiceOriented
ServiceOriented
Function Oriented
Function Oriented
Business View Business View ServiceOriented
Service Oriented Modeling
Process Integration via Services
Platform Specific
PlatformSpecific Technology Neutral
DynamicSense & Respond
PlatformSpecific
PlatformSpecificInfrastructureInfrastructure
Monolithic Architecture
Emerging SOA Grid Enabled SOA
Dynamically Re-Configurable Architecture
ComponentArchitectureLayered ArchitectureArchitectureArchitecture SOA
PlatformIndependent
Application Specific Skills Technology Adoption Cultural & behavioral
Transformation Human Service BusIT GovernanceIT TransformationGovernance & Organization
Organizational Transformation
Application specific data solution
LOB wide standardized Data
vocabularies
Flexible Data vocabularies for
expansion
Data vocabularies are Standards
based
Business Data can be shared outside
the Silo.
Data Subject Areas establishedInformationInformation
Enterprise wide standardized Data
vocabularies
Service Foundation Levels
Ope
n G
roup
Ser
vice
Inte
grat
ion
Mat
urity
Mod
el
17 SOA - Aligning Business and IT? Ole Rasmussen, Microsoft Arkitekt Forum, May 2008
SOA: The Key to Business Flexibility
SOA – Not a Silver Bullet
Essential Difficulties - the difficulties inherent in the nature of software
– Complexity
– Conformity
– Changeability
– Invisibility
Accidental Difficulties – only due to our (mis-) behavior
http://www-inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~maratb/readings/NoSilverBullet.html