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So You Want to be a Counselor? : Things You

Need to Know to Help You Pursue a Career in

Counseling

Participant Handbook

Presented by:

Anissa Howard MEd, LPC, NCC

Ann Howard, MS, NCC

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This handbook was created to provide you with tools and information pertinent to your career

development needs for the counseling profession. This handbook was not designed to be all

inclusive, but instead should be used in conjunction with various tools to help you learn more

about professional opportunities as well as training and educational requirements for various

specialties within the counseling profession.

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Table of Contents

What is Counseling? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

Self-Reflection …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6

Skills Assessment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 7

Self-Assessment: You and Your Career ………………………………………………………………………………………. 8

Various Counseling Occupations ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9

Doctoral Level Practitioners ………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Psychiatrist ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9

Psychologist ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

Master’s Level Practitioners ……………………………………………………………………………….. 10

Professional Counseling………………………………………………………………………………………………………………10

Community Counseling……………………………………………………………………………………….10

School Counseling …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11

Marriage and Family Therapists ………………………………………………………………………… 11

Clinical Social Workers ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11

Pastoral Counselors …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 11

Licensed Professional Counselors/Licensed Mental Health Counselors ……………………………….. 11

Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioners ……………………………………………………………………….. 12

Bachelor’s or Other Level…………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Peer Specialists ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12

Social Workers ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12

Youth Counselors ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Professional Organizations

American Psychiatric Association

American Psychological Association

National Association of Social Workers

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American Counseling Association

National Association for Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors

American Mental Health Counseling Association

American College Counseling Association

Association for Play Therapy

American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy

Resources

Appendix A: Professional Development Plan

Appendix B: Professional Development Plan Journal

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What is Counseling?

According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary (1910), counseling is defined as “professional guidance of the individual by utilizing psychological methods especially in collecting case history data, using various techniques of personal interview, and testing interests and aptitudes.” Counseling, in a generic sense, is used loosely to describe the “advisor” role that one might partake in when providing advice to someone around a particular subject matter. Take credit counseling or health counseling as examples. While both require expertise on the part of the person providing the services, both are very different in terms of the information provided to the client, or recipient of the services (Schimelpfening, 2013). This same

concept can be applied broadly to the field of mental health counseling/psychotherapy, for specialized training and knowledge is needed by individuals who wish to provide the type of counseling services that you will learn about during this workshop.

Counseling is often used interchangeably with the term “psychotherapy,” which refers to type of treatment that focuses on more chronic emotional, physical, and behavioral health problems that often result in longer treatment prognoses (Schimelpfening, 2013). “Psychotherapy” typically requires more skills and training (by more experienced/skilled practitioners) than generic counseling. “Mental health counseling” is the type of counseling referenced for the purposes of completing the activities provided in this handbook. “Mental health counseling” is a distinct profession where practitioners combine psychotherapy and practical problem solving approaches to help clients effectively solve problems and exert change in their lives (American Mental Health Counseling Association, 2013).

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Self-Reflection

Take a moment to think about your ideals about counseling and write your thoughts below.

Think about your desired work setting and work conditions. If you were a counselor, what types

of clients would you have? Where would you work (i.e. agency, private practice, hospital…)?

What kind of education do you think you would need in order to thrive in this position?

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Skills Assessment

Below you will find a list of words that are typically used to describe work skills/characteristics

that individuals should possess in various professions. Circle the five most important terms

that you feel are most reflective of your thoughts about the skills/characteristics that counselors

should possess. Why do you think these skills are important? Write your thoughts in the lines

provided below.

Interpreting Languages Creating new ideas Writing for publication

Ability to Listen Knowledgeable Competitive

Good Communication Skills Resourceful Team-Oriented

Empathy Competent Fast-Learner

Compassion Unbiased Productive

Genuineness Ethical Self-motivated

Advocate Valuing Diversity Setting-up organizations

Negotiation Skills Numeracy Updating Files Managing People Promoting events Handling detail work Ability to Work Under Pressure Ability to Work With Deadlines Budgeting Expenses

Why do you think these skills/characteristics are important for counselors to possess?

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Self- Assessment: You and Your Career

To have a fuller understanding of yourself and your aspirations in the counseling field, answer

the following questions:

1. Of the new and recent developments in the counseling field, what interests you the

most? What current skills and strengths do you possess that will make pursuing a career

in counseling a good choice for you? What activities/opportunities should you

participate in to pursue your ideal counseling profession?

2. What is most important to you in your work? What values guide the kind of work you

hope to do in the counseling field?

3. What things are “must haves” for you in a job? Examples might be flex time, on-site day

care, etc.

4. What are your limiting factors? These are things that place limits on the types of jobs

you are willing to take. Examples could be geography, not willing to relocate, extensive

travel, on-call responsibilities, etc.

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Various Counseling Occupations

There are several specialties and sub-specialties within the broader field of counseling. This

handbook has divided some of the more well-known specialties and sub-specialties of the field

into four organizers: Doctoral level practitioners, Master’s level practitioners, and Bachelor’s or

Other Level Practitioners. Doctoral level, Master’s level, and Bachelor’s or Other Level

Practitioners represent those professions of which an individual has to obtain a certain level of

educational training before practice. Although practitioners can provide any number of services

within a sub-specialty, they are always encouraged to practice within their scope of knowledge

and training (American Counseling Association, 2005).

Doctoral Level Practitioners There are two types of practitioners listed under this subtitle: psychiatrist and psychologists. Psychiatrist and Psychologists differ in the number of years of training, types of educational training received, and services rendered. Psychiatrist According to the American Psychiatric Association (2012), psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental health disorders. Psychiatrists complete medical school and earn the M.D. or D.O. while also acquiring a minimum of four years of residency training in psychiatry. They are also required to obtain licensure in order to practice. Psychiatrists use a combination of methods including psychotherapy and medication to treat clients. Psychiatrists are often thought of as the individuals accustomed to providing mental health services for individual with severe mental illnesses. Job Duties Psychiatrist duties are divided between diagnosing and treating patients. When diagnosing, psychiatrist may order extensive panels of laboratory and psychological tests. Psychiatrists also conduct clinical interviews with individuals in order to obtain a full picture of their psychological and physical health. When treating clients, psychiatrists use a combination of psychotherapy and medication to help clients achieve maximum functionality. Job Settings According to the American Psychiatric Association (2012), the work settings of psychiatrists vary and often include private practice, clinics, general and psychiatric hospitals, university medical centers, community agencies, courts and prisons, nursing homes, industry, government, military settings, schools and universities, rehabilitation programs, emergency rooms, hospices, and many other places. Psychologist Much like psychiatrists, psychologists also diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders however, they do not prescribe medication (in most states), and consequently do not attend medical school to receive their training. Psychologists typically earn doctoral degrees (PsyD or PhD) in clinical or counseling psychology and are required to obtain a license in order to practice. Psychologists spend anywhere from 4-6 years in full-time graduate study after obtaining an undergraduate degree. Psychologists are trained to administer and interpret a number of tests and assessments used to diagnose and/or understand more about an individual’s intelligence, behavior, thoughts, and feelings. These tests can also be administered to help practitioners learn more about an individual’s cognitive functioning, vocational skills and preferences, and neuropsychological functioning. Additionally, psychologists may be trained in teaching and research (American Psychological Association, 2011).

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Job Duties As practitioners, psychologists treat a wide spectrum of problems including anxiety, depression, and/or other chronic conditions that may impact an individual’s health or quality of life. Psychologists are equipped to help people manage stressful situations, overcome addictions, and manage chronic illnesses. In doing so, psychologists help people obtain maximum life satisfaction by breaking past barriers to such satisfaction. They typically employ a variety of psychotherapy styles to help treat individuals, couples, groups, and families. Some psychologists work alongside physicians in providing collaborative care for individuals whose conditions are best treated by a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Job Settings The job setting of psychologists include private practice, group practices (with other practitioners), schools, colleges, universities, hospitals, veterans’ medical centers, community health and mental health clinics, businesses and industry, nursing homes, and rehabilitation and long-term care centers (American Psychological Association, 2011; Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012).

Master’s Level Practitioners There are four types of practitioners listed under this section which is comprised of those professions that require a Master’s degree at a minimum for practice. Beginning first with tracts that fall under the realm of professional counselor, this category includes: community counselors, school counselors, and marriage and family therapists. This list is then followed by clinical social workers, licensed professional counselors/licensed mental health counselors, and psychiatric/mental health nurse practitioners. Professional Counselor This phrase is often used to differentiate trained counselors from those who are not. In using this phrase, it is assumed that an individual has completed a certain level of coursework while also obtaining a certain amount of supervised hours in an internship and/or practicum in counseling. Community Counseling This particular training program trains counselors to work in a variety of settings despite its name. Community counselors are trained to work with the individual and/or family while applying communication, knowledge, and planning to understand a presenting issue in its proper social context. Community counselors understand that individuals are complex beings often subjected to various social conditions and policies that often times affect their mental health wellness. Graduates of community counseling programs are typically knowledgeable about human growth and development, personality assessments, various psychotherapy approaches, social and cultural foundations of counseling, clinical assessments and diagnostics, and strategies to work with agencies and institutions as determined by the needs of clients (AllPsychologyCareers.com, 2013). School Counseling This training program is designed to train counselors who wish to work in the K-12 setting. School counselors, although limited in terms of the level of counseling services they can provide, typically work to help promote the academic, career, and personal/social development of students. The phrase “school counseling” is often used interchangeably with “guidance counseling” however, the latter typically refers to those who practiced prior to the standardization of the practice. School counselors must obtain state-level certification through

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the state’s educational accrediting agency and are allowed to provide counseling outside of the educational setting without supervision if professional licensure is obtained. Marriage and Family Therapy This training program extends beyond the individual and into the realm of understanding individuals in the context of the relationships they have with family members and significant others. By utilizing this approach, therapists are better able to understand, identify, and treat mental health problems. Per the American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs), are trained and licensed to independently diagnose and treat mental health and substance abuse problems.

Clinical Social Workers Social workers with this designation are trained to deliver counseling and psychotherapy interventions to address individual and family problems such as substance abuse and serious illness. In order to earn this designation, an individual must first acquire a Master’s degree in social work and must also obtain training in clinical settings. Although state licensure varies, one should expect to have to fulfill some minimum requirement for supervised work in order to operate a private practice. There are two sub-categories of social workers that should be distinguished: Licensed Master Social Workers (LMSWs) and Licensed Clinical Social Workers (LCSWs). While LCSWs can engage in private practice and can perform clinical work, LMSWs can engage in clinical work only under the direct consultation of a LCSW. LMSWs cannot practice independently. According to the National Association of Social Workers, the following are examples of typical social worker duties: client advocacy, treatment planning and evaluation, facilitating cognitive, affective, and behavioral changes during treatment, and evaluating and treating clients within scope of practice.

Pastoral Counselors Individuals who use spiritual resources in combination with a psychological understanding of healing and growth are typically referred to as pastoral counselors. According to the American Association of Pastoral Counseling (2013), “Certified pastoral counselors are licensed mental health professionals who have also had in-depth religious and/or theological education or training. “ When providing clinical services, pastoral counselors provide non-sectarian services that are respective of spiritual commitments and theological perspectives and religious traditions of clients. Licensed Professional Counselors/Licensed Mental Health Counselors These practitioners are state-licensed and typically will have met minimal education, and training requirements before being allowed to engage in private practice. State licensure requirements typically vary from state to state which results in a lack of license portability within the profession. In most cases, there is a state entity comprised of board members responsible for the regulation and enforcement of policies regarding professional licensure. The Georgia Composite Board of Professional Counselors, Social Workers, Marriage and Family Therapists is an example of one such entity. Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioners This nursing specialty allows registered nurses to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities to assess the mental health needs of these populations. The PMHN is responsible for the development of a nursing diagnosis and plan of care. Psychiatric

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Mental Health Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (PMH-APRNs) provide direct services to the psychiatric-mental health population by assessing, diagnosing, and offering treatment for individuals and families with psychiatric disorders or potentials for such disorders using therapy and medication administration. PMH-APRNs can operate their own private practices and corporations (American Psychiatric Nurses Association, n.d.).

Bachelor’s or Other Level There are four types of counselors listed underneath this category. As stated previously, there are many professions that use the term “counselor” to describe “advice giving” in the professional work setting however, when used to describe the professions below; one can also imply that these individuals received some formal educational and/or practical training given their respective settings. Peer Specialists Groups of individuals selected to provide peer support in mental health. These individuals are not licensed and can therefore not practice independently. They provide support in a variety of settings including psychiatric and substance abuse treatment centers. State laws and policies govern minimum requirements for this designation.

Social Workers (Bachelor’s level) The undergraduate degree in social work (BSW) allows individuals for entry-level general practice to provide direct care to individuals in need of assistance with coping with problems of everyday life. Social-workers can work in a variety of settings however, a Master’s degree is required for some levels of work. At the Bachelor’s level, social-workers are typically employed by child and family service agencies, adoption agencies, and residential and foster care agencies. Youth Counselors The individual employed in this role may have a variety of duties contingent upon the employment setting. These individuals usually work as part of a team of professionals working towards the goal of helping meet the psychological and emotional needs of youth. They interact daily with children and teens and provide support and guidance to these individuals. The degree requirements for this position may vary contingent upon the employing agency.

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Professional Organizations Listed below you will find brief information on professional organizations for various counseling professions. For additional information, please visit the web links provided for each organization. American Psychiatric Association

Founded in 1844, this organization is considered to be the world’s largest psychiatric organization. It is recognized as the primary organization for psychiatric physicians within the U.S and across the world. For more information, visit: http://www.psychiatry.org/ American Psychological Association

Founded in 1892, The American Psychological Associations is comprised of some 134,000

members and is considered to be the largest scientific and professional organization

representing psychology in the United States. APA is also considered as the world’s largest

association of psychologists.

For more information, visit: http://www.apa.org/index.aspx

National Association of Social Workers

This organization is considered to be the largest membership organization of professional social

workers in the world. Established in 1955, the National Associations of Social Workers’ primary

functions consists of a variety of activities targeting the professional development of its

members, the establishment and maintenance of professional standards of practice, the

advancement of comprehensive social policies, and the delivery of services that protect and

advance members of the profession.

For additional information, visit: http://socialworkers.org/

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American Counseling Association

This organization is a membership based non-profit professional and educational organization

dedicated to enhancing and advancing the counseling profession. This organization was

founded in 1952 and is considered to be the world’s largest association representing

professional counselors practicing in a variety of setting. This organization is also comprised of a

number of divisions and state branches.

For more information, visit: http://www.counseling.org/

National Association for Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors

Founded in 1974 initially as the National Association of Alcoholism Counselors and Trainers

(NAACT), this organization was founded on the premise of developing professional counselors

with professional qualifications and work experiences. It’s new name, NAADAC, the Association

for Addiction Professionals was adopted in 2001.

For more information, visit: http://www.naadac.org/

American Mental Health Counseling Association

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A membership based organization comprised of over 7,000 members dedicated to the cause of

enhancing the professional of clinical mental health counseling through a variety of professional

activities including advocacy, education, and professional development.

For additional information, visit: http://www.amhca.org/

American College Counseling Association

This organization is primarily for individuals employed in higher education setting such as

universities, community colleges, and technical colleges in the role of counselors. ACCA aims to

support and enhance the practice of college counseling by promoting ethical and responsible

professional counseling and by promoting the communication and exchange of information

across organizations and by providing leadership and advocacy for the profession of counseling

in the higher education setting.

For additional information, visit: http://www.collegecounseling.org/

Association of Play Therapy

Established in 1982, this organization is a professional society aimed at protecting the vested

interest of play therapy and those interested in practicing this modality. This organization aims

to promote several positive qualities of the profession including the public’s understanding and

appreciation of play and play therapy and the development and maintenance of solid

professional presence.

For more information, visit: http://www.a4pt.org/ps.index.cfm

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American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy

This organization is the professional organization in the U.S for Marriage and Family

Therapy. Founded in, this organization is comprised of some 50,000 members dedicated

to the cause of facilitating research, theory development and education for its members.

AAMFT also develops standards for graduate education and training, clinical

supervision, professional ethics, and the clinical practice of marriage and family therapy.

For more information, visit: http://www.aamft.org/iMIS15/AAMFT/

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Resources:

All Psychology Careers.com.

American Counseling Association

American Mental Health Counseling Association (2013). “Facts about clinical mental health

counselors.” Retrieved from: http://www.amhca.org/about/facts.aspx.

American Psychiatric Association

Schimelpfening, N. (2013). Counselor or psychotherapist? The difference between counseling

and psychotherapy. Retrieved from:

http://depression.about.com/od/psychotherapy/a/counseling.htm

Webster's Practical Dictionary. (1910). Chicago, IL: G.C. Merriam.

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Appendix A: Professional Development Plan: Action Steps

Adopted from NASA’s Financial and Resources Management Individual Development Plan Advisor at

http://ifmp.nasa.gov/codeb/staffing/idpguide.htm

In order to put your career plan in motion, you must create an action list. Think about

where you are in terms of your career development. List some steps to move you closer

to where you’d like to be. For example, you might decide that you would like to attend

graduate school, or volunteer at a summer camp for children with disabilities.

List some steps to move you from where you are now to where you’d like to be.

Categorize the steps as immediate, medium-term, or long term actions.

(Immediate actions are things that you would need to do by the end of this semester. Medium-

term actions are actions that could wait a semester or two, but are still urgent enough to warrant

your attention. Long-term actions are things that would perhaps require an academic year or

more to accomplish.)

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Appendix B: Professional Development Plan Journal

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Professional Development Plan Journal

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Professional Development Plan Journal

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Professional Development Plan Journal

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