Physical Human

Physical geography looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate tectonics.

Human geography looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate to the physical world.

So Where are we? 16 Subject Specific Key Terms

CityAn area with large numbers of people. Cities provide a very

wide range of functions including universities, large hospitals

and sports stadiums.

Latitude

Latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies

the north–south position of a point on the Earth's

surface. Latitude is an angle which ranges from 0°at the Equator to 90° (North or South) at the

poles.

Continents Very large areas of land which generally contain different

countriesLongitude

Angular distance east or west on the earth's

surface and expressed in degrees.

CountryHumans have divided continents up into political units called

countries. There are currently 195 countries in the world.Natural

Existing in or derived from nature; not made or

caused by humankind

EconomyThe state of a country or region in terms of the production

and consumption of goods and services and the supply of

money.

Ocean A very large expanse of sea.

Environment The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or

plant lives or operates.

Physical

GeographyPhysical geography looks at the natural processes of the Earth, such as climate and plate tectonics.

Geography A science or study devoted to the study of the lands, the features, the inhabitants, and the phenomena of Earth.

Population

All the inhabitants of a particular place. In

Geography, we normally mean people as the

inhabitants.

Hemisphere A half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and

southern halves by the equator.Region

An area of land that has common features.

A region can be defined by natural or artificial

features. Regions, large or small, are the basic units of geography.

Human Geography

Human geography looks at the impact and behaviour of people and how they relate to the physical world

ScaleThe scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the

map to the corresponding distance on the ground.

Our Country

London 51°30ʹN 0°7ʹW

The UK is located in North West Europe and is the 78th-largest Country in the world. It is also the 21st most populous country, with an estimated 65.5 million inhabitants in 2016.

The UK's capital and largest city is London, with an urban area population of 10 million. Other major cities include Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow and Liverpool.

The UK consists of 4 countries; England,Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. All but England have devolved administrations, each with varying powers based in their capitals of Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast

Our World

A continent is one of several very large landmasses of the world. Up to seven regions are commonly regarded as continents.

Ordered from largest in size to smallest, they are: Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Oceania (Oceania is Australia, New Zealand & the islands in the South Pacific).

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.

What is Geography?Geography is the subject in which we describe and explain patterns of Human and

Physical features on the landscape.

Map skills knowledge organiser

Problems in shanty towns like Kibera• Overcrowding - the settlement has a high population density.• Fires - fires can spread quickly.• Overpopulation - the area does not have enough resources to support the growing

population.• Competition for jobs - jobs are in short supply.• Disease - poor sanitation and limited health care can lead to the spread of disease.• Lack of space - the newest and poorest arrivals may be forced to live on the worst quality

land.• Infrastructure - services are poor, public transport is limited and connections to the

electricity supply can be limited and sometimes dangerous.

Solutions to Problems in Shanty Towns

Site and service schemes

These give people the chance to rent or buy a piece of land. The land is connected to the city by transport links and has access to essential services (eg water). People build their own homes using money from a low-interest loan.

Self-help schemesThese give people the tools and training to improve their homes. Low-interest loans may be used to help people fund these changes. People may be given legal ownership of the land.

Rural investmentImproving the quality of life and creating greater opportunities in rural areas may prevent people from migrating to urban areas. Investment in rural areas may therefore help to improve conditions in the city as well.

Kibera A shanty Town in Nariobi KenyaThere are approx. 2.5 million slum dwellers in about 200 settlements in Nairobi representing 60% of the Nairobi population, occupying just 6% of the land. Kiberahouses almost 1 Million of these people. Kibera is the biggest slum in Africa and one of the biggest in the world.

The number of savanna elephants in Africa is rapidly declining and the animals are in danger of being wiped out as international and domestic ivory trades drive poaching across the continent.

Knowledge Organiser Africa Year 7

Water Cycle TermsPrecipitation Moisture falling from cloud as rain, snow, hail

Interception Vegetation prevent water reaching ground

Surface Storage Water held on the surface of the ground

Infiltration Water absorbed into the soil from the ground

Soil Moisture Store Water held in the soil layer beneath ground

Through flow Water flowing through the soil layer into river

Percolation Water sinks through soil into deep rock

Groundwater Store Water stored deep in the rocks

Groundwater Flow Water flowing through deep underlying rock

Transpiration Water lost through stoma in leaves of plants

Evaporation Water lost to atmosphere as water vapour

Surface Runoff Water flowing over surface of land into river

Water Table The uppermost level of saturated ground

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGESOCIAL – more crops can be grown in the UK. But less in the Sahel. More migration. Hotter weather leads to more deadly diseases.ECONOMIC – higher crop yields in the UK but less in the Sahel. More money spent on protecting against extreme weather.ENVIRONMENTAL – sea level rise. Desertification. Extinction of some species.

Hard engineering options tend to be expensive, short-term options. They may also have a high impact on the landscape or environment and be unsustainable

Soft engineering options are often less expensive than hard engineering options. They are usually more long-term and sustainable, with less impact on the environment

The Greenhouse effect

Knowledge Organiser Year 7 Rivers

Why is Antarctica so cold and dry?• The angle of the Sun is low in the sky. This means the energy from the Sun spreads

out over a large area.• The area has 24 hours of darkness for some of the winter. Therefore, there is no

sunlight for long periods of time.• The surface of Antarctica has a high albedo. This means that a lot of the energy

received from the Sun is reflected back into space.• The high altitude of the land. Temperatures decrease approximately 1°C for every

100 m increase in height.• Cold air cannot hold as much water vapour as warm air, so precipitation is less

likely.• Oceans store heat so they often create milder temperatures and increased

rainfall. However, as Antarctica is such a large land mass, only the very edges of the continent experience this effect.

There are many resources in Antarctica, which include:• Mineral and energy resources – most is currently covered by snow, including the

world’s largest known coalfield.• Fresh water extraction from icebergs (70 per cent of the world’s fresh water is in

Antarctica).• Resources from the sealife – eg farming of fish and krill.• Scientific resources – scientists can study weather patterns, ecosystem adoptions

and the past climatic and geological changes.

Tourism in Antarctica

Knowledge organiser Cool Geography Year 7