snow hydrology: microwave interaction with snowpack do-hyuk “dk” kang environmental engineering...
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Snow Hydrology: Microwave Interaction with Snowpack
Do-Hyuk “DK” Kang
Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Northern British Columbia
December 5th, 2013
Northern Hydrometeorology Group
Frolov and Marchert 1999, Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS
EM WAVE PROPAGATION
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Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS
RF SYSTEM DESIGN
TRANSMITTER: BY VADUM INC
RECEIVER:NI VSA & PREAMP
LABORATORY TEST
Amplitudes and Histograms
Phase and Fourier Transforms
*21 *. AA
)exp()exp( 12211 jAjA
meter01.04
Key Words
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002
Tb
Ts
a
''n
b
pec s
'
s freq LWC
''
Model Setup
• State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m3], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer
• 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes with multi-layer
• Hourly Met. Data needed to drive model• Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks,
Corresponding Tb [K], emissivity [ ], and Teff [K]
Site Descriptions
• Valdai, Russia, 78~83, SMMR, 25X25 km• CLPX 2002-2003, 02~03, SSM/I, AMSR-E 25X25
km
Coupled Model I : Snow Physics
Mass Balance
EnergyBalance
Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation
3' 861.15995.11 ssd
^'''' )/(0994.1 Af
Kang and Barros 2010
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999
nnb DsT )1(
nnb DsT )1(
VALDAI
CLPX
Schanda and Matzler
1981
Willis et al. 2012 RS and Env
Kang et al. 2012
Accepted in IEEE
nnb DsT )1(
Kang et al. 2012
Accepted in IEEE
Kang et al. 2012
Accepted in IEEE
Wiscomb and Warren 1980 VS Mätzler 2000 2997924 GHz = infrared 37 GHz = microwave
Ice-Lamellae Model (Mätzler 2000, DK imp.)
Six flux theory: r, t, and e
Scattering: multi freq.
Future Topics
• Grain size• Ice lenses within snow layers• Depth hoar/surface hoar• First snow
• Intensity (radiative trnaser)• Electric Dipole Moment• Impedance Matching
Questions
Schanda and Matzler
1981
Willis et al. 2012 RS and Env
Kang et al. 2012
Accepted in IEEE
nnb DsT )1(
Kang et al. 2012
Accepted in IEEE
Kang et al. 2012
Accepted in IEEE
Dry Snow VS Wet Snow
'2''2'''
''
2
sgn n ba
Dry Snow Wet Snow
Water Presence
nnb DsT )1(
1 tre
Coupled Model
Kang and Barros 2010
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999
Matzler and Wisemann1999 RS and Env
nnb DsT )1(
BC ministry, Environment Canada
VIC application to FRB
Summary
• Introduced L band Snow Sensor
• Simulated Snow Physics and Radiation Physics in both Valdai and CLPX 2002
Future View
• NCEP based model application into FRB
• NARR based model application into FRB expected Paper 1: point scale snow hydrology assessment + VIC watershed scale investigation
• Radar response Paper 2: grain size, LWC toward radar backscattering signals
Key Words
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002
pol.''n pec s freq Water
incluson
back rF
VpolHpol,
mP
Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRSColbeck 1974
nnb DsT )1(
1 tre
Based on Chang et al. 1987
Based on Chang et al. 1987
CLPX
VALDAI
CLPX
Outline
• Coupled multi-layered snow physics model with passive microwave simulator
• Demonstrated model performance at two different locations:1) Valdai, Russia and 2) CLPX 2002
Model Setup
• State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m3], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer
• 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes
• Hourly Met. Data from RUC40 MM5• Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks,
Corresponding Tb, es, and Teff [K]
VALDAI
Dry Snow VS Wet Snow
Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation
3' 861.15995.11 ssd
^'''' )/(0994.1 Af
Kang and Barros 2010
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999
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Wet Snow case '2''2'''
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Part 1: Motivations
• History of Snow Hydrology Model• Legacy of Microwave Remote Sensing of
Snowpack• Challenge in measurement of snowpack
Snow Hydrology Forward Radiation
Coupled Model
Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRSColbeck 1974
Key Words
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002
Tb
Ts
Part 2: Implementation
• Snow Physics Model• Snow Radiation Model• Challenge in measurement of snowpack
Physics Model Radiation Model
Coupled Model
Key Words
Radiation Physics
Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002
http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Windows/irwindows.html
Hallikainen 1986, TGRS