• They make more than ___% of the Earth’s ______ gas

• ______ of the Earth’s surface is covered in _____.

• Earth’s aquatic ecosystems contain _____biomass (living mass) than its terrestrial ecosystems.

• Phytoplankton are microscopic _________ which are found in huge numbers in the oceans.

2/3rdswater

more

50oxygen

marine

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

producers

and form the foundation of ______ food webs and ecosystems.

• ___% is salt water

• ___% is fresh water

• ___% of fresh water is easily available for use as ground water and surface water.

(Most is frozen so it is ________ unless it _____.)

97

3unusable

<1

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

melts

potato tomatohuman

___% ___% ___%66 80 95

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

• The majority of living things are made up mostly of _____.

• The water is necessary to help organisms ________ substances within themselves and between themselves and the outside environment.

water

transport

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

• Water vapor is water in its ___ state.gas

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• In this state, water can travel through the __________.atmosphere

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier, iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

• A glacier is a large _________ body of ice on ____

that forms when the forces that _____ it (like melting) do not exceed the forces that _____ it (like precipitation)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

persistent land

erodecreate

Moreno Glacier in Argentina

over a long period of time (e.g. centuries).

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• However, many of our glaciers and icecaps have undergone a drastic ________ over the last few decades due to _____________.

Muir Glacier in Alaska

reductionclimate change We will examine the effects of this later.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• An iceberg is a large piece of ____________ ice.

• Often they break off from the main part of a ______glacier

freely floating

meltswhen the glacier _____ and cracks.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• When it gets colder the water between the icebergs _____ creating ___________.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

land bridgesfreeze

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• An aquifer is a large underground _______ (storage area) for ____ water.

reservoirfresh

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

evaporation

• Evaporation occurs when water goes from a _____ to a ___ state to form __________.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

liquid gaswater vapor

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

• Melting converts water from the ____ state to the _____ state.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

liquidsolid

• Freezing converts water from the _____ state to the ____ state.solidliquid

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• Sublimation converts water from the ____ state to the ___ state.solid gas

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• Sublimation converts water from the ____ state to the ___ state.solid gas

• Deposition converts water from the ___ state to the ____ state.gas solid

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

condensation

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• Condensation converts water in its ___ state (water vapor) into its _____ state. • This usually occurs when the vapor is in

contact with ____ air

liquidgas

coldcausing the vapor to ______ into ______liquid droplets.

gather visible(or a cold surface)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

plants

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

condensation

• Transpiration is the ______ of water vapor from the surface of _____.

release

plants

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg

land

lake,river

aquifer

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

condensationprecipitation

plants

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

which is _____ enough to fall to the Earth.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• Precipitation occurs when small water _______ in a cloud ______ together to form rain, snow, sleet or hail

heavy

gatherdroplets

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg land

lake,river

aquifer

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

condensationprecipitation

plants

percolation

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

• Percolation in the water cycle occurs when water is being ________________ by gravitythrough the layers of ___.

• Hot water is pulled through the coffee grinds due to gravity.

pulled downwardssoil

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg land

lake,river

aquifer

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

condensationprecipitation

plants

percolation

run-off

and so it_________ on the surface or drains into waterways.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM• Run-off occurs when _____ rain

water or melt water cannot be absorbed by the soil,

excess

overflows

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, oceanglacier,iceberg land

lake,river

aquifer

clouds

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

condensationprecipitation

plants

percolation

run-off

which has drastic ____________ for our ecosystems and ourselves.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

• Water and the water cycle is of vital importance to __living things on the Earth.

• Certain ______ activities threaten to ______ this cycle

all

humandisrupt

consequences

• Let us examine the effects of the following on the water cycle:

1)

2)

3)

Global Warming

Climate Change

Deforestation

Thank goodness for all this water!

due to the trapping of ____ in the atmosphere by _______________ released by human activities.

More melting then feeds back into the cycle to create ____global warming.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE• GLOBAL WARMING is the _______ of the Earth’s

temperaturegreenhouse gases

increaseheat

• This has several effects:

and lighter colored materials like, ice and snow, _____ heat.

With less ice and snow, this creates _________ areas on the surface of the planet.

Darkly colored materials, like ocean water and land, ______ heat

1)

reflect

absorb

more dark

It Melts Glaciers and Icecaps

Arctic Icecapmore

due to the trapping of ____ in the atmosphere by _______________ released by human activities.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE• GLOBAL WARMING is the _______ of the Earth’s

temperaturegreenhouse gases

increaseheat

Arctic Icecap

There are other effects as well…

• This has several effects: 1) It Melts Glaciers and Icecaps

and the ____ content of the water.

which is influenced by both the ___________

due to the trapping of ____ in the atmosphere by _______________ released by human activities.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE• GLOBAL WARMING is the _______ of the Earth’s

temperaturegreenhouse gases

increaseheat

2) It Effects the Thermohaline Circulation of the Oceans

This is a major part of what causes ocean _______ (massive movements of water) to occur.

The THC is driven by the ______ of the sea water

salttemperature

density

currents

• This has several effects:

and hence the ______ , of the ocean water.

this affects the ___ content,

due to the trapping of ____ in the atmosphere by _______________ released by human activities.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE• GLOBAL WARMING is the _______ of the Earth’s

temperaturegreenhouse gases

increaseheat

As more ____ water is added to the oceans due to the melting ice caps,

salt

fresh

density

Without the correct density, the ocean water will not be able to _______properly, affecting all life on the planet.

circulate

2) It Effects the ThermohalineCirculation (THC) of the Oceans

• This has several effects:

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE• DEFORESTATION is the removal of a large number of ____ from

an area. trees

This soil ends up in waterways leading to the ____________ of these areas.

Without trees ___________ decreases , which decreases the amount of water vapor, decreasing cloud formation causing less ___________.

In wetter climates this can lead to __________. Without __________ to ______ the soil, rain can easily wash the soil away.

In drier climates this can lead to ____________. Without __________, less water is held in the topsoil and it becomes ___ and __________.

desertification1)

plant roots

dry

transpiration

precipitation

2)soil erosion

plant roots

anchor

sedimentation

blows away

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE• CLIMATE CHANGE is the change of previously stable global

patterns of weather.

• Excessive precipitation creates ______.

• Lack of precipitationcreates ________.droughtsfloods

This can affect the water cycle by affecting the amount of ___________ received around the world.precipitation

Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science

Copyright © April 2013 Anh-Thi Tang (a.k.a. Tangstar Science)

All rights reserved by author.

This document is for personal classroom use only.

This entire document, or any parts within, may not be electronically distributed or posted to any website.