SNC1D/1P Exam Review Sustainable Ecosystems

1. What is an ecosystem? How is it different from a community? 2. What is an abiotic factor? Give 3 examples. 3. What is a biotic factor. Give 3 examples. 4. What is a producer? Give an example. 5.a) Draw a food web for the following group of organisms: grass, grasshopper, mouse, worm, robin, snake, frog, hawk. b) Draw a food chain from the above food web c) Explain why a food web is more accurate than a food chain at describing what takes place in a sustaining ecosystem.

6. What type of organism is in the: 1st trophic level = 2nd trophic level = 3rd trophic level = 4th trophic level = 7. What is a consumer? Give an example. 8. What is the primary source of energy for all living things? 9. a)Show the differences & similarities between photosynthesis & respiration.

b) Give the equation for each process

10. What is a population and what is a population’s carrying capacity? 11. List and describe four major biomes in Canada 12. What are the causes of acid rain? How does acid rain affect the environment? 13. Explain the various spheres that exist within the biosphere on Earth 14. Create a flow chart of the categories that species at risk move through from normal populations to extinction.

Chemistry 1. The grade 9 class is conducting an experiment to see if fertilizer helps plants to grow taller and stronger. They plant two plants of the same size in separate containers with the same amount of potting soil. They place one plant in a sunny window and water it every day with fertilized water. They place the other plant outside in the shade and water it every day with plain water. Every day the students measure the height of the plant and the diameter of the stems. a) What is the independent variable? b) What are the dependent variables? c) What are the controlled variables? d) What variables were not controlled in this experiment, but should have been? 2a. What is matter? 2b. What are the 3 states of matter? 3. What is a physical change? 4a. What is a chemical change? 4b. What are 3 ‘clues’ that a chemical change has taken place?

5. Decide whether the descriptions below are examples of a physical change (P) or chemical change (C). ____ ice melting ____ baking a cake ____ cutting carrots ____ a fire burning ____ a firecracker exploding ____ breaking glass ____ a car rusting ____ mixing salt and pepper 6. List the 5 Points of the Particle Theory of Matter. i)

ii) iii) iv) v) 7. a)Complete the following chart with respect to the Particle Theory of Matter:

Space Between Particles Motion of Particles

SOLID

LIQUID

GAS

b) Give the name of the change of state for the following transitions: - Solid to liquid _______________ - Liquid to solid _______________ - Liquid to gas ________________ 8. Match the term on the left with the description on the right. ____ Pure Substance a. can only see 1 phase ____ Compound b. the same properties and composition throughout ____ Homogeneous c. anything that has mass and takes up space ____ Mixture d. particle with 1 type of atom ____ Matter e. can see 2 or more phases ____ Heterogeneous f. 2 or more elements put together ____ Element g. different properties and composition throughout 9. Use the words below to fill in the Classification of Matter table.

element, matter, heterogeneous, homogeneous, compound, pure substance,

Mixture

10. Complete the following classification of matter table.

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Type of Matter Explain what this is Example

Element

Compound

Solution

Mechanical Mixture

11. Write the symbol for the following elements: _____ carbon _____ potassium _____ nitrogen _____ calcium _____ boron _____ helium _____ sodium _____ beryllium 12. Write the name of the element for the following symbols: Li _________________ K _________________ Al _________________ S __________________

Ne _________________ Si __________________ H __________________ O _________________ 13. Draw Bohr Rutherford diagrams for the following elements.

Nitrogen

Sodium Chlorine

Carbon

Fluorine Aluminum

Neon

Lithium Hydrogen

14. Complete the following chart.

Element Symbol

Atomic

Number

Mass

Number # protons # electrons # neutrons

Beryllium

Silicon

Selenium

Phosphorus

15a. Protons have a _____________ charge. 15b. Electrons have a ________________ charge. 15c. Neutrons have a charge of __________.

For the following question, describe the location of the 3 subatomic particles 16a. Protons are found __________________________________________ 16b. Electrons are found ________________________________________ 16c. Neutrons are found _________________________________________ 17. Complete the following charts on counting atoms. a) Na2CrO4 b) 2K2S c) 4Mg(NO3)2

Questions 18 and 19 refer to the Periodic Table of Elements. 18a. Vertical columns are called ____________________ 18b. Horizontal rows are called _____________________ 18c. Metals are found on the ____________________ side 18d. Non-metals are found on the _________________ side 18e. Elements which are metalloids are ________________________________ 18e. Transition metals are found in groups ______________ 19a. Elements found in group 1 (IA) are called __________________________ 19b. Elements found in group 2 (IIA) are called _________________________ 19c. Elements found in group 17 are called _____________________________ 19d. Elements found in group 18 are called _____________________________ 20. Use the periodic table to locate and give an example of an element in each of the following groups. a) Metals ________________________ b) Non-metals ____________________ c) Metalloids _____________________ d) Halogens ______________________ e) Noble gases ____________________ f) Alkaline Earth metals _____________ g) Alkali metals ___________________ 21.a) What does it mean for an element to have a full outer shell? b) What group of elements on the periodic table has a full outer shell?

Element # of Atoms

Element # of Atoms

Element # of Atoms

22. Match the clues to the elements. a) beryllium b) carbon c) fluorine d) neon e) potassium f) calcium _______ This element has two electrons in its outer orbit, and it belongs to the second

period _______ This element has eight electrons in its outer orbit, which is the second orbit _______ The outermost electrons of this element lie in the fourth orbit, and it has

chemical properties similar to magnesium _______ This element has four electrons in its outermost orbit, and it has the smallest

atomic mass of the elements in its group _______ This element’s outermost electrons lie in the second orbit, and it is the most

reactive non-metal in its period _______ This element is the most reactive metal of the top four elements in its group, and

it has chemical properties similar to lithium 23. Match the scientist to a key experiment or discovery a) Billiard ball model _______ Bohr b) the electron _______ Thomson c) First atomic theory _______ Chadwick d) Electron orbits _______ Rutherford e) Gold foil experiment _______ Democritus f) Neutron _______ Dalton 24. Explain the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond. 25. Which type of bond is formed in the following compounds (ionic or covalent)? a) NaI ___________________ b) CH4 __________________ c) CH3OH ________________ d) ZnO __________________

Space

1. Put each term in the box in the correct space of the Venn diagram.

2. Label the diagram using the terms in the box.

• turning around axis • one object orbiting

another • an object is turning • takes Earth 24 h • takes Earth one year

Sun December June rotation revolution

3. Circle the best answer to complete the sentence. In the northern hemisphere, summer is warmer than winter because

__________________. A. Earth’s northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in summer and away from it

in winter. B. Earth’s northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in summer and toward it

in winter. C. Earth is closer to the Sun in summer than in winter. D. Earth turns upside down in the winter.

4. Which unit would you use to measure each distance? You may use each unit more than once.

metre (m) kilometre (km) astronomical unit (AU) lightyear (ly) a. the length of your classroom ________ b. the distance between the Sun and Neptune ________ c. the distance between Earth and Sirius, the dog star __________ d. the distance between Toronto and Ottawa ________ e. the distance between the Earth and Uranus________

5. In the winter, sun light rays are more: _________________ (direct, indirect). In the summer, sun light rays are more: ________________ (direct, indirect). Seasons do occur at the equator but they’re not as noticeable as at higher latitudes 6. The longest daylight period in the northern hemisphere is on ____________________.

7. The longest daylight period in the southern hemisphere is on ____________________.

8. In the northern hemisphere on:

June 21st we will receive more hours of _________________ (daylight, darkness) March 21st daylight = ____ hours and darkness = ____ hours. December 21st we will receive more hours of_____________(daylight, darkness)

September 21st, more, less or the same # of hours of daylight & darkness? _______________.

9. Label the parts of the Sun

10. Name the eight planets of our solar system in order, starting with the closest to the Sun.

11. What is the difference between a meteorite, a meteor and a meteoroid?

12. What is a satellite? What is the difference between a natural satellite and a artificial satellite?

13. Does a star’s apparent brightness depend on just its distance from Earth? Explain your answer.

14. Place the following in order from youngest to oldest: A. star; B. nebula; C. red giant, D; red dwarf

15. What will eventually happen to our Sun?

16. Can a star less massive than the Sun become a supernova? Explain

17. Arrange the following stars in order of coolest to hottest: blue star, red star, orange star, yellow star.

18. Draw and label the four main types of galaxies. Which kind is our galaxy, the Milky Way?

19. Draw and label the eight phases of the moon.

Electricity 1a. What is the charge of a proton? 1b. What is the charge of an electron? 1c. What is the charge of a neutron? 2. What is static electricity? 3. Complete the following table.

Object A Object B Attract or Repel positive positive neutral positive negative neutral positive negative negative negative 4. Use the table of the electrostatic series to draw a diagram and explain what happens when the following objects are rubbed together. a. Glass rubbed with plastic Before rubbing After rubbing b. Calcium rubbed with platinum Before rubbing After rubbing

Electrostatic Series WEAK

Acetate Glass

Fur, Hair Calcium

Silk Aluminum

Cotton Wax

Ebonite Plastic Rubber Carbon Sulfur

Platinum Gold

STRONG

c. If acetate has a weak hold on electrons it will __________________(lose/gain) electrons when rubbed with rubber, which has a strong hold on electrons. 5. What are the three methods of charging an object? Give a definition and an example for each method. i.____________________ ii.__________________ iii.___________________ 6. Explain why lightning rods are placed on top of buildings 7. What is the charge of the following objects?

_______________ ___________________ __________________

+ - + + + -

- - + + + -

+ - - - - + - - - - - + + + - - - -