smoke management control

8/12/2019 Smoke Management Control

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Building Smoke Management

March 2010By: Felipe Agustin


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Toxic Gas; CO; Narcotic gas

Hydrogen Cyanide; Acidic halides; and Acrolein

Reduced oxygen level; High Temperatures; Reduced Visibility.


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Hinder escape;

Hinder Rescue


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Contain the smoke within the source of fireand avoid spreading out to other rooms;

Minimize the production of smoke;

Maintain tenable environment within all exit

access and area of refuge access path forthe time necessary to allow occupants toreach an exit or area of refuge.


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Atriums;

Large Void Spaces;

Areas of Refuge;

Corridors;

Lift lobbies; Fire compartment

Stairwell Pressurization


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Smoke Production; Type, location and quantity of fuel;

Height cross sectional area and area (volume) of the area to be protected;

Volume of unseparated space that communicates with another large volumearea;

Type & location of occupancies;

Barriers separating adjacent spaces from a large volume space; Egress routes from large volume space and any communicating space;

Areas of refuge.


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Standard Fire Exhaust system Stop air supply to fire effected floors; Supply air to all fire unaffected floors; Extract from fire effected floors;

Stop all extract from fire effected floors; Maintain 20 Pa Pressure differentialbetween fire effected and unaffectedfloors.

*Uses Larger riser sizes.


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Alternative Fire Exhaust system: Stop air supply to fire affected floors; Supply air to immediate (one only) floor

above and below fire affected floors;

Extract from fire affected floor; Stop all extract from immediate (oneonly) floor above and below fire affectedfloors;

All other floors, stop supply and extract.


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Central VAV system: Stop air supply to all floors; Extract air from fire affected floor; Stop all extract from all unaffected

floors; Use fire rated exhaust fan.


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Floor by Floor VAV system: Supply & Exhaust air shafts sized for

minimum outside air only; Fire rated exhaust fan to be fitted with

VSD or 2 speed motor control; Supply air fan to be fitted with VScontroller;

During fire mode: both supply andextract fan to enable at high speed;

Air exhaust from fire affected floor; Supply to immediate floor above and

below.


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Tempered Outside Air Supplied with ChilledBeams:

Supply & Exhaust air shafts sized forminimum outside air only;

Fire rated exhaust fan; During fire mode MO1 to close MO2 toopen;

Outside air fan supply air to affectedfloor above & below fire affected floor forpressurization;

Return air fan fitted with VS Controller; Fan to run high speed for exhaust from

fire affected floor.


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Design Limitations (NFPA 92B): Smoke Layer depth = 20% of floor to ceiling

height (rule of thumb not to exceed 1meter; Based on Engineering Analysis; Make-up air velocity not to exceed 1.02 m/s to

avoid smoke disruption and spreading; Door opening shall not force door opening to

pressure limit (max 50 Pa).


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Minimum Design Pressure Difference AcrossBarriers as per NFPA 92A:

Building Type Ceiling Height Design Pressure

Difference (in w.g.)

AS Any 0.05 or (12.5 Pa)

NS 9 ft or 2.7 meter 0.10 or (25 Pa)

NS 15 ft or 4.6 meters 0.14 or (35 Pa)

NS 21 ft or 6.4 meters 0.18 or (45 Pa)

Note: AS Sprinklered; NS Non Sprinklered


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Smoke Dampers Shall be listed in accordance with ANSI/UL 555S;

Control System shall be listed in accordance with ANSI/UL 864Standard for Control Units and Accessories for Fire Alarm Systems;

Smoke Detectors Conventional type Beam type:

Projected; and Optical;

Fire Curtains - Shall be listed in accordance with ANSI/UL 268;

Fans


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SAVES LIFE;

CAN BE INTEGRATED WITH MECHANICALVENTILATION SYSTEMS;

CAN BE DESIGNED TO ASSISTEMERGENCY RESPONSE PERSONNEL;

CAN BE USED AS POST FIRE SMOKEREMOVAL

smoke management control

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