smj 4222 instrumentation (02 & 07)
DESCRIPTION
SMJ 4222 Instrumentation (02 & 07). Dr Intan Zaurah Mat Darus. Dr Intan Zaurah Mat Darus C23-226, Ext. 34693 [email protected] [email protected] 016 7616716. Lecture 1 Introduction to measurement and instrumentation. What is measurement?. Measurement Standards and Units. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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SMJ 4222 Instrumentation (02 & 07)Dr Intan Zaurah Mat DarusDr Intan Zaurah Mat Darus
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Lecture 1
Introduction to measurement and instrumentation
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What is measurement?
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Measurement Standards and Measurement Standards and UnitsUnits
Measuring system are composed of different elements and condition therefore it needs norms and standards
3 unit systems widely used-International System (SI), CGS System, English System
Basic units - length, time, mass, temperatureDerived units –area, volume, acceleration, force
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International System of Units (SI)International System of Units (SI)
The SI is founded on seven SI base units for seven base quantities assumed to be mutually independent, as given in Table 1.
SI base unit
Base quantity Name Symbol
length meter m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
thermodynamic temperature kelvin K
amount of substance mole mol
luminous intensity candela cd
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Derived Units- defined in terms of the seven base quantities via a system of quantity equations. Examples are:
SI base unit
Name Derived units Symbol
area square meter m2
volume cubic meter m3
velocity meter per second m/s
accelerationMeter per second squared
m/s-2
force m·kg·s-2 N
pressure m-1·kg·s-2 Pa
work m2·kg·s-2 Joule
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What is instrumentation?
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Automotive Sensors
Oxygen Sensor
Airflow Sensor
Water Temperature
Oil Pressure
Accelerometer
CO Sensor
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The need for measurement and instrumentation
In industrial application, it is important for:
1) monitoring and control of a process
2) improving the quality of the product and efficiency of production
3) Safety purposes
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Laser Sensor
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Laser sensor
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Typical Instrumentation System
• Transducer - converts the measured value into another useful value (a sensor)
• Signal conditioner- “conditions” the signal from the sensor
• A/D Converter - changes the signal into a digital format
• Computer - processes, displays, and records the signal
Transducer Signal conditioner
A/D Converter
Display
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Sensor• Thermocouple
• Resistance thermometer
Thermocoupleinput output
temperature e.m.f
inputResistance thermometer
output
temperature Resistance change
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Signal conditioner• Amplifier
• Wheatstone bridge
input Amplifier
Voltage change
Small e.m.f
Larger voltage
inputWheatstone bridge
output
Amplifier
Resistance change
Larger voltage change
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Display• Scale
• Computer
input
current change
scaleoutput
movement of pointer
input
analog signal
DAS VDUdigital signal
output
readings
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Temperature Control
The Control System sets the current supplied to the heating elements in the furnace to keep the material temperature at the desired (setpoint) value.
Desired Temperature
Control System
Furnace and
Material
Temperature Sensor
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Water level system
h
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Assignment
Identify the elements for the pressure measurement system i.e. : transducer, signal conditioner, display
POINTER
SCALE