Smart Machines

Meaning Of Smart Machines

• Smart machines include robots, self-driving cars and other cognitive computing systems that are able to make decisions and solve problems without human intervention.”

• a smart machine is an intelligent device that uses machine-to-machine (M2M) technology. Smart machines include robots, self-driving cars and other cognitive computing systems that are able to make decisions and solve problems without human intervention.

Meaning Of Smart Machines

• Smart Machines are technologies that:○ Deal with high levels of complexity and uncertainty○ Decision making based on probabilistics ○ Understanding of task-specific contexts○ Multitude of uses○ Some gauge person’s feelings by examining facial movements etc.

Task of Smart machines• Observe• Tests • Autonomous • Probabilistic • Predicts Purpose • Understands Human reactionThat is machines first test the real world Thenbehave autonomously Thenmaking decision based on probabilities Thenpredict the future based on models and calculations Thennarrow in purpose, each machine has its own purpose and there are different machines for different purposesappear to understand concepts, relationships, causalities Then all human can say is

“I didn’t know a machine could do that!”

Technologies to which smart achines are linked

○ Cloud computing○ Big data○ Internet of Everything

Cloud Computing and Smart Machines

• Cloud computing, also on-demand computing, is a kind of Internet-based computing that provides shared processing resources and data to computers and other devices on demand.

• Thus Cloud Computing is the brain powering smart machines

• Cloud Computing is an enabler of Smart Machines “Imagine a robot that finds an object that it's never seen or used before—say, a plastic cup. The robot could simply send an image of the cup to the cloud and receive back the object’s name, a 3-D model, and instructions on how to use it”That is cloud computing tells smart machines what to do or react with object by sending information about object from multiple sources to smart machine .

Big Data and smart machines• Big data is computing extremely large data sets that may be analysed

computationally to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behaviour and interactions.

• Thus through big data -Advanced Analytics is done which helps to model and

predict the future that is help smart machine to act more smartly.• As a result

In the future a cleaning robot in the hospital corridor connected to Medical Watson might be able to give us more precise diagnosis

and prognosis than the doctor who you are waiting to see.”

Internet Of Things and Smart Machines• Internet of things is the concept of basically connecting any device with an on and off

switch to the Internet (and/or to each other). This includes everything from cell phones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, wearable devices and almost anything else you can think of. And all connected devices can send and receive data.

• That means after IoT there will be interaction among people, machines.• Result

Machines can be able to work more conveniently for humans as after IoT one machine can instruct other machine. Moreover machine will be able to work as per current situation as now it can receive current data to act upon.

Like our car could have access to calendar and already know the best route to take. If the traffic is heavy car might send a text to the other party notifying them that we will be late.

Or when alarm clock wakes up you at 6 a.m. and then notifies our coffee maker to start brewing coffee for us?

Or When office equipment knew when it was running low on supplies and automatically re-ordered more?

Categories of Smart machines•Expert systems (sages)•Autonomous robots (movers, doers)•Intelligent assistants (helpers?)

Expert SystemsThe expert systems are the computer applications developed to solve complex problems in a particular domain, at the level of extra-ordinary human intelligence and expertise.Characteristics of Expert Systems• High performance• Understandable• Reliable• Highly responsiveCapabilities of Expert SystemsThe expert systems are capable of −• Advising• Instructing and assisting human in decision making• Demonstrating• Deriving a solution• Diagnosing• Explaining • Interpreting input• Predicting results• Justifying the conclusion• Suggesting alternative options to a problem

Expert SystemsThey are incapable of −• Substituting human decision makers• Possessing human capabilities• Producing accurate output for inadequate knowledge base• Refining their own knowledgeApplications Of Expert System

Application DescriptionDesign Domain Camera lens design, automobile design.

Medical Domain Diagnosis Systems to deduce cause of disease from observed data, conduction medical operations on humans.

Monitoring Systems Comparing data continuously with observed system or with prescribed behavior such as leakage monitoring in long petroleum pipeline.

Process Control Systems Controlling a physical process based on monitoring.

Knowledge Domain Finding out faults in vehicles, computers.

Finance/Commerce Detection of possible fraud, suspicious transactions, stock market trading, Airline scheduling, cargo scheduling.

Expert SystemExamples• CADUCEUS and MYCIN were medical diagnosis systems. The user

describes their symptoms to the computer as they would to a doctor and the computer returns a medical diagnosis.

• SMH.PAL is an expert system for the assessment of students with multiple disabilities

Autonomous RobotsAn autonomous robot is a robot that performs behaviors or tasks with a high degree

of autonomy, which is particularly desirable in fields such as space exploration, household maintenance (such as cleaning), waste water treatment and delivering

goods and services.

Characteristics of Autonomous Robot• Self-Maintenance• Ability to sense the environment (sensors)• Ability to perform physical tasks (motorics)• Ability to navigate point to point (movement)

Autonomous RobotsExamples

• Self-maintenancerobot take care of itself. Many of the battery-powered robots on the market today can find and connect to a charging station, and some toys like Sony's Aibo are capable of self-docking to charge their batteries.Self-maintenance is based on "proprioception", or sensing one's own internal status. In the battery charging example, the robot can tell proprioceptively that its batteries are low and it then seeks the charger. Another common proprioceptive sensor is for heat monitoring. Increased proprioception will be required for robots to work autonomously near people and in harsh environments.

Examples of Autonomous Robots• Task PerformanceRobots perform a physical task. While the level of intelligence is not high in these systems, they navigate over wide areas and pilot in tight situations around homes using contact and non-contact sensors. Also security robots can be programmed to detect intruders and respond in a particular way depending upon where the intruder is.Example with iRobot and Electrolux iRobot – Made military robots and Scuba robot that cleans floor

Robot cleaning Military robot

Kitchen robot

• Indoor navigatorsFor a robot to associate behaviors with a place (localization) requires it to know where it is and to be able to navigate point-to-point. Such navigation began with wire-guidance in the 1970s and progressed in the early 2000s to beacon-based triangulation. Current commercial robots autonomously navigate based on sensing natural features. The first commercial robots to achieve this were Pyxus' HelpMate hospital robot and the CyberMotion guard robot, both designed by robotics pioneers in the 1980s. These robots originally used manually created CAD floor plans, sonar sensing and wall-following variations to navigate buildings. The next generation, such as MobileRobots' PatrolBot and autonomous wheelchair,[1] both introduced in 2004, have the ability to create their own laser-based maps of a building and to navigate open areas as well as corridors.And as these indoor techniques continue to develop, vacuuming robots will gain the ability to clean a specific user-specified room or a whole floor. Security robots will be able to cooperatively surround intruders and cut off exits• Outdoor navigatorsInclude driverless car, drones

Patrol robots and autonomous wheelchair

Intelligent Assistants• An intelligent personal assistant (or simply IPA) is a software agent that can perform tasks or services

for an individual. These tasks or services are based on user input, location awareness, and the ability to access information from a variety of online sources (such as weather or traffic conditions, news, stock prices, user schedules, retail prices, etc.). Examples of such an agent are Apple's Siri, Google's Google Now, Amazon Echo, Microsoft's Cortana, Braina (application developed by Brainasoft for Microsoft Windows), Samsung's S Voice, LG's Voice Mate, BlackBerry's Assistant, SILVIA, HTC's Hidi, IBM's Watson (computer), and Facebook's M (app).

• Examples of tasks that may be performed by a smart personal agent-type of Intelligent Automated Assistant[2] include schedule management (e.g., sending an alert to a dinner date that a user is running late due to traffic conditions, update schedules for both parties, and change the restaurant reservation time) and personal health management (e.g., monitoring caloric intake, heart rate and exercise regimen, then making recommendations for healthy choices).

• intelligent personal assistant is its ability to organize and maintain information. This includes the management of emails, calendar events, files, to-do lists, etc.

Cortana's features include being able to set reminders, recognize natural voice without the user having to input a predefined series of commands, and answer questions using information from Bing (like current weather and traffic conditions, sports scores, and biographies).

Braina uses natural language interface[4] and speech recognition[5] to interact with its users and allows users to use English language sentences to perform various tasks on their computer. The application can find information from the internet, play songs and videos of user's choice, take dictation, find and open files, set alarms and reminders, performs math calculations, controls windows and programs etc

Impact Of Smart machines• In coming years work of delivering goods will be done through drones result job of delivery

boys will go off.• Instead of waiting for doctor for hours and then waiting for reports to start treatment .now

patients will get immediate treatment by telling symptoms to robots which will analyse data and start treatment as soon as possible along with better accuracy.

• Uneducated people will be privileged to use smart phones with the help of personal assistants.

• Disabled people et chance to ride in car through driverless cars.• Decision making among managers will get wheels that is it will get faster.• No more waiters , room service providers required since all chores that is from bringing and

serving food to moving luggage to cleaning …will be done through smart machines.• Everyone will get time to improve his skills .• Need to hold camera for selfie and wait long for perfect expression will be over as JIBO has

come to click pictures along with option for video chat. But Jobs will be lost as it is seen and analysed that

“One in three jobs will be taken by [Smart

Machines] by 2025“

• Investments•Creative destruction•New skills needed

Action to be taken to live in smart machine era

Thank YouReferences:• http://www.slideshare.net/immon/

smart-machines-presentation-oct-2014• Wikipedia• Tutorialspoint