smart grid to provide capacity relief to distribution ... · philips x x john spare x x x hahn tram...

Jim Blackman & ML ChanQuanta Technology, LLC

Raleigh, NC 27607September 8, 2008

Smart Grid to Provide Capacity

Relief to Distribution Utilities

© 2008 Quanta Technology, Inc.

Agenda

� Introducing Quanta Services & Quanta Technology

� Smart Grid Overview

� Capacity-Relief Smart Grid Applications

� Technology architecture

� Functionalities

� Benefits

� Industry Experience

Implementation Roadmap

Discussion


Quanta Services

� The largest North American consulting, engineering, construction firm specialized in serving the energy and telecommunications industries

� Over 16,000 employees and $3.1 B in 2007 revenue (annualized)

� In Canada with Allteck (Vancouver) and EHV Underground (Toronto)

� T&D Primary Services:

� Consulting, Planning, Design and Engineering

� Construction and EPC Projects

� Maintenance and Testing

� Emergency Restoration

� Outsourcing


Quanta Services - Organization

QuantaServices

Electric & Gas� Allteck Line Contractors

� Arby Construction

� Bradford Brothers

� Dashiell

� Dillard Smith Construction

� InfraSource Underground

� Irby Construction

� MJ Electric

� Mears Group

� North Houston Pole Line

� PAR Electric

� Potelco

� Quanta Energized Services

� Quanta Government Solutions

� Quanta Technology� RA Waffensmith

� Realtime Utility Engineers

� Sumter Utilities

Wireless� Advanced Technologies

� Conti Communications

� Global Enercom

� Spectrum Construction

Telecom & Cable� Blair Park/Sunesys

� Driftwood Electrical

� Fiber Technologies

� Golden State Utility

� HL Chapman Pipeline

� Manual Brothers

� North Sky Communications

� Pauley Construction

� Professional Teleconcepts

� Spalj Construction

� Trawick Construction

� Underground Construction

� VCI Telecom

�WC Communications

Ancillary Services� Croce Electric

� Intermountain Electric

� Mears Group

� The Ryan Company


� Strategic infrastructure planning and asset management

� Equipment condition, design and maintenance standards assessment

� System protection and automation

� “Smart Grid” development

� Enterprise systems integration

� Sustainable energy portfolio assessment

� Staff training

Quanta Technology’s Services


Quanta Technology Smart Grid Offerings

� Business Case studies

� Roadmap development

� Enterprise system design and acquisition consulting

� System acceptance testing & commissioning

� Process change analysis

� Implementation of Smart Grid applications

� Holding company, Quanta Services, provides EPC services


Quanta Technology Consultant Experiencein Smart Grid

� PG&E

� SCE

� Puget Sound Energy

� BGE

� ConEd

� National Grid

� Dominion Energy

� PEPCO Holding

� Benton PUD

�Duke Energy

�ComEd

�Alinta (Australia)

�CLP (Hong Kong)

�ENMAX

�BC Hydro

�Manitoba Hydro

�METC

T&D System Planning & Technology StudiesLoad Forecasting

AMI / Demand Side Management/Load ManagementSystem Automation Planning & Implementation

Enterprise IT SystemKnowledge Transfer


Consultant

Power

System

Planning &

Load

Forecasting

AMI and

DSM/DR/LM

System

Automation,

EMS, SCADA

& DMS

IEDs &

System

Protection

Power

Electronics

Wind,

Renewables

& DG

Enterprise

IT System

Regulatory

Assistance

Richard

Brown

X X X X

Jim

Burke

X X X

ML

Chan

X X X X X X

Johan

Enslin

X X X X X

Trevor

Hall

X X X X

Yi

Hu

X X

Farid

Katiraei

X X

Damir

Novosel

X X X X X

Edmund

Philips

X X

John Spare X X X

Hahn Tram X X X X X

Eric

Udren

X X X X X

Bob Uluski X X X X X

Lee

Willis

X X X X

Bartosz

Wojszczyk

X X X X X X


What is Smart Grid?

� Smart Grid is a vision for electric utilities: Utilities and consumers will accrue values through the convergence of power delivery and information technologies

� Applied to G, T, D and customer sectors

� Not a set of shrink-wrapped solutions; the set and scope are unique to each utility, in the context of traditional capacity engineering and planning


Smart Grid Business Drivers: New Business Environment

SG

CARBON FOOTRPINT

RELIABILITY & QUALITY OF SUPPLYPRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT

SystemReliability

PowerQuality

RenewableResources, DGs & PHEVs

GreenhouseGases

DemandResponse

Asset Management

CustomerSatisfaction

OperationalEfficiency

Optimal Capacity Relief


Smart Grid leverages on enablers

� “Sensors”

� Communications Infrastructure

� Enterprise Information Integration

� Regulatory Support

� Corporate Culture: A Holistic Approach


Capacity Relief Smart Grid Applications

� Value – Optimal capacity to meet the load

� Optimality

� Lifecycle cost – investment and O&M

� Service reliability

� Carbon footprint

� Capacities of substation transformers, feeders, and distribution transformers (pole top & vaults)

� Realized through system planning & operations technologies


Smart Grid Capacity-Relief Technologies

Optimal Capacity•Sub transformers

•Feeders

•Dist. Transformers

Operational

Technologies

Planning

Technologies

•Integrated vol/var control (IVVC)

•Substation Peak Load Mgmt

•Feeder Peak Load Mgmt

•Integration with DERs (Demand Response,

PHEVs, DGs and Renewable)

•Use of AMI meter data

•Monitored load data

•Spatial Load Forecasting


IVVC – How It Works

SCADA Server

Substation HostProcessor

Cap BankController

PLC

Line VoltageRegulators

Voltage RegController

Feeder Locations

Substation

IVVCApplication

DPFApplication


Acquire Field Data

SCADA Server


Cap BankController

PLC



Feeder Locations

Substation

IVVCApplication

DPFApplication

Cap bank stage “A” and

“B” status

Bus voltage, tap position

Load, voltage, real and reactive power,

tap position

Feeder voltage and load, regulator tap

position

Cap bank status, feeder voltage


Run Powerflow Calcs

SCADA Server


Cap BankController

PLC



Feeder Locations

Substation

IVVCApplication

DPFApplication

Real time field data

DPFResults


Determine Optimal Solution

SCADA Server


Cap BankController

PLC



Feeder Locations

Substation

IVVCApplication

DPFApplication

DPFResults

Optimal switching plan for cap banks, LTC and reg


Execute optimal switch plan

SCADA Server


Cap BankController

PLC



Feeder Locations

Substation

IVVCApplication

DPFApplication

Optimal switching plan

Raise/Lower Taps

Switch bank on/off

Switch bank stage A/B

on/offRaise/Lower

Taps


Benefits of IVVC

� Reduce line losses (energy kWh); carbon footprint benefits

� Reduce capacity needs (kW)

� Maintain satisfactory delivery voltage to customers

� Could be ~ 2% lower kWh losses; ~4% capacity reduction


Implementation Challenges/Opportunities

Utilities in SE USA and West Canada

Integrate DMS/SCADA system with GIS

Communications with all field devices (feeder & substations)

Can leverage AMI meters for End-of-Line voltage readings; has been a barrier for IVVC implementation


Feeder Peak Load Management

� Objective: Reduce peak demand on feeders/substations by periodically shifting load between connected feeders to achieve better balance

� Must have significant load diversity between feeders

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27


Feeder Peak Load Management - Benefits

Reduction of peak demand on individual substations

� Defer capacity addition

� Reduce individual substation demand charges

Reduction of peak demand on individual feeders; could be 5%, depending on customer mix

Reduction of electrical losses

� Total losses with balanced load < Total losses with one heavily loaded feeder and one lightly loaded feeder

� Reduced kVA demand as a result


Substation Peak Load Management

� Similar technology solution as for Feeder Peak Load Management

� Takes advantage of load diversities among substation transformer banks

� Similar types of benefits

� Defer substation capacity

� Reduce demand charges at substations

� Benefits depend on the degree of load diversities; could be ~ 5% demand reduction


Feeder and Substation Peak Load Management

RR RR RR

L1

L2

L3

L4

L5 L6

L7

L8

L9

L10

L11

L12

F2

F3

F4

AS9

F10

F11

F12 S15 S56n.o. S67

B1B8 R7

SS

DistributionTransformer

T1 T2

Su

bsta

tio

n 1

Su

bsta

tio

n 2

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

DMS/SCADA

System

Data concentrator Data concentrator

Communications Network

ST Load

Forecasting

Distribution Power

Flow

Substation Peak

Load Mgmt

Feeder Peak Load

Mgmt

IVVC


Implementation Challenges/Opportunities

Western utility in USA

Integrate DMS/SCADA system with GIS

Communications with all field devices (feeder & substations)

Lacking time-synchronized loading data for forecasting loading factors

Feeder and Substation Peak Load Management need to be coordinated


SOA Bus

Application ServerApplication Server Application Server

Virtual

Data Mart

IEDs and Meters at

SubstationsLine Automation

Devices &

Metering

AMI Meters

Public Internet

Access

EMS or

DMS

Data

ConcentratorsData

Concentrators

Non-operational Data

Operationa

l Data

System Configuration for IVVC, Feeder & Substation Peak Load Management


Integration with Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) -Demand Response, DGs, PHEVs & Renewable

� Demand Response (DR) shifts peak load

� Direct control of end-use loads (e.g., AC, WH)

� Critical Peak Pricing/Real-Time Pricing/TOD Rates

� Renewable (wind, solar PV) & DGs with energy storage

� PHEVs as energy supply sources for customers


Integrating DERs

Courtesy of EPRI for source image

DistributedGeneration& Storage

PHEV

SmartEnd-UseDevices

DistributionOperations

DynamicSystemsControl

DataManagement

AdvancedMonitoring,

Communications& Control

CustomerPortal

Energy StorageAdvanced Monitoring, Communications & Control

Courtesy of EPRI for source image

DistributedGeneration& Storage

PHEV

SmartEnd-UseDevices

DistributionOperations

DynamicSystemsControl

DataManagement

AdvancedMonitoring,

Communications& Control

CustomerPortal

Energy StorageAdvanced Monitoring, Communications & Control


Communications Infrastructure for Integration of DERs

Home Area

Network

Meters &

Premise

Gateways

Access

Communication

AMI Config &Maintenance

AMI MgmtSystem

AMI MgmtSystem

PGPGLocal

Comm.NeighborhoodAggregation

NeighborhoodAggregationMeter Data

Mgmt SysMeter DataMgmt Sys

Monitoring,

DA, AMMonitoring

SA, DA, AM

Utility

Wide

Comm.

Bi-directional

R/T Access

DA, AM, DSM/DR

Web

Access

Back Haul

Communication

Back-Office

& Operational

Systems

External

Data Access

3rd Parties

Customers

Field Crew

Distribution Equipment

DG

T&D EquipmentSystem Ops,

Power Mgmt & DSM


Smart Grid Technologies for Integrating DERs

� AMI System

� AMI meters with HAN

� Zigbee for communications

� Home energy management system with smart charger system for PHEVs

� Smart appliances & smart thermostats

� Microgrid interface controller

� Customer Portal Systems for energy management

Residential / C&IFixed Networks

Residential / C&IFixed Networks


Benefits with DERs & Industry Experience

� DR programs

� ~ 5-10% peak load reduction

� <1% energy saving; minor reduction of carbon footprint

� Hard to forecast the end-use load shapes with high certainty

� PHEVs, DG and Renewable

� kW reduction depends on resource penetration & behavior

� Smartness of controllers

� Industry experience still limited

� Need accurate and robust load shape forecast by small areas


Spatial Load Forecasting

�With AMI metering

�With end-use load shape data


Spatial Load Forecasting Model

� Small area load forecast, taking into account neighboring area dynamics

� Top down hierarchical approach for forecasting –region, area, sub-area, sub-subarea, small area

� Bottom-up analysis to determine the curve fit for each area’s forecast

� Geo-structure data; integrated with GIS


Summary: Bottom-Up Analysis: Top Down Forecast

Start with Small Area Data End with Small Area Forecast

Agg

rega

te d

ata

and

Ana

lyze

Moreanalysis.Compareto system

totaletc.

Allocate to sub-

areas & sm

all area


Resulting Load Forecast for Each Area

� 20+ year planning horizon

� AMI meters provide excellent load database; even end-use based

� End-uses for PHEVs, rooftop PVs, DR programs, data centers

Time

MV

A

Horizon year load

Load history

A

Time

MV

A

Horizon year load

Load history

A


Benefits from Spatial Load Forecasting

� Reduce error margin (e.g., from about 6% to 3%); substantial capital investment savings

� Challenges

� Appropriate input data gaps

� Easy to use and properly designed tools

� Utilities begin to appreciate the value of Spatial Load Forecasting


Harvesting Capacity Values from AMI Systems

� AMI meter data allows for

� Transformer load management system

� More accurate loading data at various times for tighter margin load forecast

� Major capacity benefits

� Value of information

� AMI system infrastructure enables these Smart Grid capacity-related applications and other additionalones


What should Ontario utilities do next?

� Conduct a Smart Grid business case study for each utility to establish a strategy

� Develop a Smart Grid roadmap

� System specification, acquisition, development management, acceptance testing and commissioning for various systems

� Field program deployment

� Training and maintenance support

� Need to be integrated with other Smart Grid applications to implement the Smart Grid solutions; open system architecture and standard communications protocol


Challenges Facing Utilities in Smart Grid

� Confusing as to what Smart Grid is about; thus having difficulty to start

� Technology-focused; not value-driven

� Need to develop a business case, and then a roadmap

� Implement by integrating with legacy equipment and systems

� Open system standard and communications protocols

� Continue to plan for “dumb” capacity projects, and to harden the systems

Thank You

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