smart grid-ready communication protocols and services for ... · smart grid-ready communication...

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Research Center of the Helmholtz Association

Institute for Applied Informatics and Formal Description Methods (AIFB)

www.kit.edu

Smart Grid-Ready Communication Protocols And Services For A Customer-Friendly Electromobility Experience Marc Mültin, Christian Gitte, Hartmut Schmeck

2

The decade of two major technology shifts

!   Political guidelines: ! Renewable Energies Act: 35% RES by 2020, priority feed-in of RES ! Nuclear phase-out act: no nuclear power plants by 2022 !   European 20-20-20 goals

!   Technical and market situation: ! Progressively growing number of dispersed wind and solar-based power

plants è increasingly volatile electrical energy supply !   A need for a „demand follows supply“ paradigm shift (DSM)

Smart Grid-Ready Communication Protocols And Services For A Cusotmer-Friendly Electromobility Experience (Marc Mültin)

22.09.13

Smart Grid Fig. 1

RES = Renewable Energy Sources, DSM = Demand Side Management

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The decade of two major technology shifts

!   Political guidelines: !   National Electromobility Development Plan: 1 Mio EVs by 2020 !   European CO2 emission limits (e.g. 95 g/km for new vehicles by 2015)

!   Technical and market situation: ! Rising costs for fuels, „Green car policies“ (more sustainable image) è increasing electrification of company vehicle fleets ! Growing charging station infrastructure è decreasing range anxiety


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E-Mobility Fig. 2

EV = Electric Vehicle

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HOW TO EXPLOIT THE POTENTIAL OF SMART GRIDS AND E-MOBILITY?


22.09.13

INTEGRATION THROUGH ICT!

DSM, load limits, TOU tariffs, volatile RES

New high load profiles, mobile energy storage devices

ICT = Information and Communication Technology

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!   Consumer situation ! Owns EV with a driving range of 150 km ! Has electricity supply contract for EV with energy provider EnBW

!   Business trip from Karlsruhe to Leipzig with overnight stay in Nürnberg

An e-mobility scenario for 2014


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260 km 280 km

DC charging (< 30 min) at EnBW station

(autobahn rest stop)

AC charging (~ 2 h) at private wallbox (friend‘s home)

AC charging (~ 2 h) at MES Leipzig station (hotel parking lot)

DC charging (< 30 min) at RWE station

(autobahn rest stop)

MES = Municipal Energy Supplier

6

!   Consumer situation ! Owns EV with a driving range of 150 km ! Has electricity supply contract for EV with energy provider EnBW


! Reserving charging spots to avoid tedious search

An e-mobility scenario for 2014


22.09.13

How can an easy and smooth e-mobility experience be facilitated?

260 km 280 km

7

Standardization: key to a successful e-mobility

! Standardization helps to ! secure investments and interoperability ! reduce barriers to charging infrastructure ! raise customer‘s belief and trust in e-mobility

!   Initiatives for hardware standardization !   European Commission‘s decision on type 2 connector as AC standard ! Combined Charging System (CCS) for combined AC and DC charging

interface based on type 2 connector (decision by Euopean & US automakers)


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stimulation of e-mobility market

Fig. 3 The AC part of the inlet/connector looks slightly different for US market

Combo 2 connector

Type 2 AC connector

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!   International standards and plug connectors for electric vehicle charging systems


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Fig. 4

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!   Initiatives for software standardization


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!   ISO/IEC 15118 „Road Vehicles –Vehicle-to-Grid Communication Interface“ !   Standard for communication EV çè EVSE

!   Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) !   De facto standard for communication

EVSE çè charge point mgmt. system (CPMS)

!   Open InterCharge Protocol (OICP) !   Communication between various business parties

participating in e-mobility market ! Proprietary specification related to

standardization initiative of the European project Green eMotion EVSE = Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment

(e.g. charging station)

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ISO/IEC 15118

!   User-friendly plug-and-charge mechanism, taking care of ✔ authentication ✔ authorisation ✔ billing ✔ charge scheduling and control (DSM)

! Enables to realize DSM by processing information about for example


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forecast of availability of RES

needed energy amount of EV

desired departure time

Time-of-Use (TOU) tariff, local and grid-based load limits

exploiting flexibility of charging demand!

To be released in

spring 20141

1: Regarding parts 15118-2 and 15118-3 which define the messages and datatypes with respect to conductive charging

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Open Charge Point Protocol

! Enabling EVSEs to communicate with central mgmt. systems from different vendors

!   Webservice-based messages related to ✔ authorisation ✔ synchronization ✔ meter values ✔ reservation ✔ firmware updates and diagnostics ✔ remote power systems mgmt. actions

✔ charge control information from EV ✔ DSM information: local or DSO limits + TOU tariffs


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OCPP 1.5 (CP mgmt.)

OCPP 2.0 (CP mgmt.

+ DSM)

To be released in 10/13 DSO = Distribution System Operator, CP = Charge Point

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Open InterCharge Protocol


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Fig. 5

Authorization via - RFID card - Smartphone app - Plug&Charge

!   Provider-independent access to (semi-)public charging infrastructure

Released in April 2013

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Back to the e-mobility scenario for 2014: Interaction OICP with OCPP


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260 km 280 km

!   Search OICP-compatible charging stations along route and reserve ! Hubject platform tells respective CPMS (which controls EnBW/RWE/MES

Leipzig charging station via OCPP) to enforce reservation

Connection to Hubject platform

Services such as energy-efficient routing possible (see iZEUS project)

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Back to the e-mobility scenario for 2014: Interaction OICP with OCPP


22.09.13

260 km 280 km

!   Traffic jam on autobahn A6 è change reservation for later arrival !   Upon arrival: authentication and authorization e.g. via smartphone app

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Back to the e-mobility scenario for 2014: DSM with ISO/IEC 15118


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260 km 280 km

!   Arrival: 8 pm, departure: 9 am è flexibility of charging demand with regards to charging/discharging time slots and power levels

!   TOU tariff and (local/grid) load limit influence charging schedule

Energy provider of house owner

Distribution System Operator

Load limit (MaxPower)

TOU tariff

influence

Friend‘s house

16 Smart Grid-Ready Communication Protocols And Services For A Cusotmer-Friendly Electromobility Experience (Marc Mültin)

22.09.13

Power [kW]

tp td EVMinPowerDischarge

EVMaxPowerDischarge

EVMaxPower

EVMinPower

EVSEMaxPowerDischarge

EVSEMaxPower

EVSEMinPower

tp = plug-in

time

td = departure

Needed energy = ProposedSchedule(t) dt tp

td

∫DSM with ISO/IEC 15118

GridMaxPower

GridPMaxPowerDisch.

Grey area = charging

flexibility within DSM restrictions

ProposedSchedule (EVSE)


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Power [kW]


EVMaxPowerDischarge

EVMaxPower

EVMinPower


EVSEMaxPower

EVSEMinPower

tp = plug-in

time

td = departure


td


GridMaxPower

GridPMaxPowerDisch.

ProposedSchedule (EVSE) Immediate

charging until minimum SOC (for emergency

rides) is reached


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Power [kW]


EVMaxPowerDischarge

EVMaxPower

EVMinPower


EVSEMaxPower

EVSEMinPower

tp = plug-in

time

td = departure


td


GridMaxPower

GridPMaxPowerDisch.

ProposedSchedule (EVSE) Continue charging: low price according to TOU tariff interval


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Power [kW]


EVMaxPowerDischarge

EVMaxPower

EVMinPower


EVSEMaxPower

EVSEMinPower

tp = plug-in

time

td = departure


td


GridMaxPower

GridPMaxPowerDisch.


Energy feed-in to home because of

(planned) high loads of household appliances


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Power [kW]


EVMaxPowerDischarge

EVMaxPower

EVMinPower


EVSEMaxPower

EVSEMinPower

tp = plug-in

time

td = departure


td


GridMaxPower

GridPMaxPowerDisch.


Or: energy feed-in to grid because of high feed-in tariff interval


22.09.13

Power [kW]


EVMaxPowerDischarge

EVMaxPower

EVMinPower


EVSEMaxPower

EVSEMinPower

tp = plug-in

time

td = departure

Needed energy = ProposedSchedule(t) dt = ChargingSchedule(t) dt tp

td


GridMaxPower

GridPMaxPowerDisch.

ProposedSchedule (EVSE) ChargingSchedule (EV)

BMS may intervene, lower power level

because HV battery gets too hot otherwise

∫td

tp

HV = High Voltage

22


Back to the e-mobility scenario for 2014: Interaction OICP with OCPP with ISO/IEC 15118


22.09.13

260 km 280 km

!   Business meeting takes longer than expected (now: 3:30 pm) è shift desired departure time by 1,5 hours (from 5:30 pm to 7 pm)

23


Back to the e-mobility scenario for 2014: Interaction OICP with OCPP with ISO/IEC 15118


22.09.13

260 km 280 km

!   CPMS registers new departure time (7 pm) è delays charging of EV 4 via ISO/IEC 15118 to stay within load limits (EV 1 needs to depart earlier)

Load limit of power supply of hotel parking lot in Leipzig

Pow

er (k

W)

1

2

3

4Charging profile of all EVs at hotel

1 pm 3:30 pm 7 pm

my EV

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My resarch questions and contribution

! Taking the possibilities offered with the ISO/IEC 15118 standard ... !   ... how can an EV be used as a flexible mobile energy storage device

!   ... in order to fulfill optimization criteria in a smart home EMS such as ! maximizing own consumption of renewable energy ! minimizing energy costs or CO2 footprint?


22.09.13

Energy Smart Home Lab @ KIT

EMS = Energy Management System

25

My resarch questions and contribution

! How can the results from the smart home scenario be transferred to a fleet energy management system of an electrified company fleet?

!   ... a pool of different EVs available for business trips !   ... all EVs varying in

! state of charge when connected to an EVSE ! battery capacity

!   ... varying needs of the user in terms of range and departure time

! Results will be gained by an experimental real-life setup in our Energy Smart Home Lab in Q4 2013


22.09.13

Prototype implementation of ISO/IEC 15118 is applied in an EMS @ Energy Smart Home Lab within research project iZEUS

+ additional features (e.g.

for discharging)

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Summary and Outlook

! Standardization is the key to a successful e-mobility market ! secures investments and interoperability, stimulates e-mobility market

!   Hardware standardizations paved the way to a harmonized interface !   Type 2 plug standardized in Europe ! Combined Charging System for common interface for AC and DC charging

!   Software standardizations available by 2014 !   ISO/IEC 15118: communication EV çè EVSE, facilitates DSM !   OCPP: communication charging point çè mgmt. system, facilitates DSM !   OICP: easy and provider-independent access to charging infrastructure

!   Next steps ! usage of EVs for ancillary services (balancing energy, voltage stabilization) ! moving from conductive to inductive charging


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Thank you for your attention

!   Research is conducted in BMWi funded project iZEUS (izeus.kit.edu)

!   Further related research projects at Institute AIFB


22.09.13

Dipl.-Inform. Marc Mültin [email protected]

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List of figure references

!   Fig. 1: BMWi (www.e-energy.de/en/animation/) !   Fig. 2: Phoenix Contact (www.phoenixcontact.com) !   Fig. 3: Phoenix Contact (www.phoenixcontact.com) !   Fig. 4: Phoenix Contact (www.phoenixcontact.com) !   Fig. 5: Hubject (www.hubject.de)


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List of abbreviations

!   CP = Charge Point !   CPMS = Charge Point Management System !   DSM = Demand Side Management !   DSO = Distribution System Operator !   EV = Electric Vehicle !   EVSE = Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (e.g. charging station) !   OCPP = Open Charge Point Protocol !   OICP = Open InterCharge Protocol !   RES = Renewable Energy Sources !   TOU = Time-of-Use tariff


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Message sequence for AC charging with ISO/IEC 15118 (plug and charge)


22.09.13

EV#Controller#including#IEC#

6185151#handling

EVSE#Controller#including#IEC#

6185151#handlingEVCC SECC

State#A

Plug#present,#State#B#transi?on

State#B

ChargeParameterDiscovery

State#C#transi?on#prior#to#PowerDelivery

State#C

PowerDelivery

ChargingStatus

MeteringReceipt

State#B#transi?on

State#B

SessionStop

Establishment#of#IP5based#connec?on#via#PLC#

supportedAppProtocol

SessionSetupCommun

ica?

on#

setup#sequ

ence

Iden

?fica?o

n,#

authen

?ca?

on,#

authoriza

?on#

sequ

ence

Target#se

Nng#and

#charge#sc

hedu

ling

Close#Contactors

Charging#loop

#/#re5sched

uling

Op?onal:#If#signature#of#metering#receipt#required

End#of#

charging

PowerDeliveryOpen#

Contactors

State#A#(+12

V)#=#No#EV

#con

nected

#State#B#(+9V

)###=#EV#de

tected

,#not#re

ady#to#charge

State#C#(+6V

)###=#EV#de

tected

,#ready#to

#charge

.

.""

.(not#focused#here)

31

Message sequence for AC charging with ISO/IEC 15118 (plug and charge)


22.09.13

EV#Controller#including#IEC#

6185151#handling

EVSE#Controller#including#IEC#

6185151#handlingEVCC SECC

State#A

Plug#present,#State#B#transi?on

State#B

ChargeParameterDiscovery

State#C#transi?on#prior#to#PowerDelivery

State#C

PowerDelivery

ChargingStatus

MeteringReceipt

State#B#transi?on

State#B

SessionStop

Establishment#of#IP5based#connec?on#via#PLC#

supportedAppProtocol

SessionSetupCommun

ica?

on#

setup#sequ

ence

Iden

?fica?o

n,#

authen

?ca?

on,#

authoriza

?on#

sequ

ence

Target#se

Nng#and

#charge#sc

hedu

ling

Close#Contactors

Charging#loop

#/#re5sched

uling

Op?onal:#If#signature#of#metering#receipt#required

End#of#

charging

PowerDeliveryOpen#

Contactors

State#A#(+12

V)#=#No#EV

#con

nected

#State#B#(+9V

)###=#EV#de

tected

,#not#re

ady#to#charge

State#C#(+6V

)###=#EV#de

tected

,#ready#to

#charge

.

.""

.(not#focused#here)

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