Smart Grid : Advantages & Economics

Presented By

Abhijeetsingh Hazare (Edgesys Inc)

Dnyaneshwar Patil (Tata Power)

Aniket Prabhudesai (Reliance Infra)

Rajesh Parab (Reliance Infra)

Makarand Tawade (Tata Power)

Students of Post Graduate Diploma in Electricity Regulation (Year 2010 – 2011 - Batch - 2)

Jointly Conducted By World Trade Institute

& Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission

Flow of Presentation

Lets learn how to save electricity……..

The

Evolution of Smart Grids

The Smart

Grid Concept

Driving Forces &

Objectives

Benefits &

Barriers in Implementation

Global Scenario,

Investments, Stimulus,

Market Players

Smart Grid The Indian Scenario

Traditional Vs

Smart Grid

Smart Grid Characteristics

Smart Gird – The Big Picture

& Standards

Proposal for Pilot

Implementation of Smart Grid

The Evolution of Smart Grids

“ We will make light so cheap that Only Rich will be able to use Candles” - Thomas Edison (1884)

Revitalization : Edison Vs Graham Bell

21th

Century

19th

Century

Graham Bell

Revitalization : Edison Vs Graham Bell

21th

Century

19th

Century

Thomas Edison

The Isolated Grid

The Interconnected Grid

Issues with the current Grid Operations

Many Analog & Electro Mechanical legacy systems (prone to failures & black outs)

Centralized Generation disseminated via a relatively passive limited control & limited two- way communication between utilities & end users

Customers have to inform about power outages to the utility

High T&D losses: 10-50% (Theft & inefficiencies)

How can we address these Issues ?

We now have an Answer

Why do we need a Smart Grid?

Smart Grid

Customer Satisfaction

Operational Efficiency

Aging Workforce

Power Quality

Supply Reliability

Aging Infrastructure

Renewable Resources /

Green House gases

Demand Response

The Smart Grid Concept

Energy markets are set for a similar, seismic transformation. The smart grid — aspects of which are powered by exactly the same technology that underpins the internet — will change the way we see energy provision forever….. Published by www.greenbang.com

“Smart Grid” concept

Electricity grid since the 19th century has worked as a one way vehicle bringing power from large scale generation to consumers Electricity system has remained essentially the same over the past 100 years, except for the introduction of nuclear power. Winds of change are blowing where Technological innovation is causing a paradigm shift which will enable a two way flow of electricity and information in our electricity grid. Change is being driven by Smart Grid will modernize the electricity system to serve the digital age through: Reliable, Integrated, Efficient system & consumer Participation.

“Smart Grid” is the name given to the new electricity system which will emerge from this paradigm shift

Resource Constraints

Environt. issues

Climate change concern

Political pressure

Innovation capabilities

“Smart Grid” One Definition

The Smart Grid is defined as the system that delivers electricity from suppliers to prosumers (Producer + Consumer) using digital technology to save energy, reduce cost, and increase reliability and transparency.

“A transformed T&D grid, that uses • Robust two-way communications, • Advanced sensors and • distributed computers to improve • the efficiency, • reliability and • safety of power delivery and use.”

“Two Way communication network”

Or in other words

Smart Grid – The Conceptual Model

Driving Forces

& Objectives

“If it weren't for electricity we'd all be watching television by candlelight.” …By George Gobal

Driving Forces

16

Smart Grid

Climate Impact

Regulatory Mandate

Future Gen Mix

Ageing Grid and

Reliability

Customer Need

Technology Evaluation

Demand Supply

Mismatch

Power Outages

Overloading of

equipments

Inefficient

generation,

Renewable,

Distributed

Generation &

EV/PHEV

EU & US

Climate change

legislation

GHG reduction

& monitoring

Green Energy Advance

Metering

Infrastructure &

Info. & Comm.

Technology

Lack of reactive

power support

Energy bill

reduction

Low metering

and collection

efficiency

Higher losses

Smart Grid Objectives

17

Smart grid should be Process

and not product

Area Based grid

Decentralized Energy Plans

Alternative & Green Energy

sources

Least Cost to Economy and environment

New technology and scope For future

compatibility

Delivering the energy using

digital technology

Bringing Information

& Operational technology

closer

Active participation of Consumer,

Employer, Employee,

Gov.

Traditional Grid

Vs Smart Grid

“Ben Franklin may have discovered electricity- but it is the man who invented the meter who made the money” - By Earl Warren

Traditional grid Vs Smart grid

Current Grid

Analogue/electromechanical

Centralized (generators)

Reactive (prone to failures & blackouts)

Manual (field restoration)

One price

No/limited consumer choice

One-way communication (if any)

Few sensors

Hardly Equipment reporting.

Limited control over power flows

Future Grid (The Smart One)

Digital/microprocessor

Decentralized (generation) & Green

Proactive

Semi/Full Automated (self-healing)

Real time pricing

Multiple consumer products

Two-way communication

Ubiquitous monitors, sensors Condition -/performance-based Pervasive control systems

Estimated reliability Predictive reliability

Smart Grid

Smart Grid characteristics

“Recent research has proven: Trains do not run on time but on electricity” – By Loesje

Smart Grid characteristics

Intelligent – Preventing interruptions and working autonomously

Efficient – Meeting consumer demand without adding Infrastructure

Accommodating – Distributed generations and renewables,

standard protocols.

Motivating – Digital information to consumer

Opportunistic – Plug and play innovations

Quality Focused – Meeting requirement

of digital world or 21st Century

Resilient – Resistant to natural disasters, cyber

attacks

Green – Significant environment improvement

Smart Grid: The Big Picture & Standards

“Is it a fact -- or have I dreamt it -- that, by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time?” - By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Smart Grid - The Big Picture

HAN

P

O

W

E

R

I

C

T

A

P

P

S

Utility Infrastructure Consumer

Bulk Generation Transmission Sub-station Distribution Buildings

Distributed Generation

& Storage

Remote meter reading & disconnect/connect, tamper & theft

detection, customer pre pay, mobile work force management

WiF

i

Zig

Be

e

Ho

me

Plu

g

FAN

PL

CC

Fib

er

RF

Wi M

ax

WAN P

riva

te

Wir

ele

ss

Wi M

ax

BP

L

Cellu

lar

VS

AT

LAN

Eth

ern

et

N/W

Sto

rag

e

Se

rve

r In

fra

.

Load Mgmt &

Control,SAS

AMI, MDM, CIS

Load Forecasting and shifting , Advance demand maintenance &

demand response ,Phasor measurement Units

Precise and

adaptable control,

smart appliances

Real time access to

meter data

ERP,EAM,EMS

, OMS, DMS,

GIS Micro grids, Self healing grid, fault protection, outage management,

dynamic PQ & voltage, Asset protection, Feeder Reconfiguration,

Advance sensing element ,Distribution Assets Analysis (DAA)

Simple integration of

distributed

generation and

storage

Enterprise

Apps & Market Application data flow to/from end-user and EMS, Real time Energy

Market, plant interconnections, Energy Tracking and Grid

Management (ETRM), Automatic generation Control (AGC)

Web portal usage

data comparison ,

TOD

Source:

GTM

Research

Standards

ANSI C12.19 / IEEE 1377 / MC1219

IEEE C37.118

IEC 61968/61970 (CIM)

MultiSpeak

IEEE 1547

BACnet – ASHRAE/ANSI 135, ISO 16484-5

IEC 61850

IEC 60870-6 TASE.2

DNP3

IEC 62351

NERC CIP 002-009

NIST Security Standards – FIPS 140-1, NIST SP800-53, NIST SP800-82, etc.

IEEE 802 family

IETF Internet Standards – TCP/IP, VPNs, TLS, SNMP, etc.

IEC PAS 62559

UtilityAMI UtiliSec /AMI-SEC Specification

UtilityAMI 2008 HAN Systems Requirements Specification

HomePlug/ZigBee Alliance Smart Energy Profile

Benefits

& Barriers in Implementation

“Is it a fact -- or have I dreamt it -- that, by means of electricity, the world of matter has become a great nerve, vibrating thousands of miles in a breathless point of time?” - By Nathaniel Hawthorne

Opportunities & Benefits of a Smart Grid

Benefits

Optimizing asset

utilization and efficient

operation

Enhancing reliability

Reducing vulnerability to man-made

events and natural

disasters

Benefits for commercial &

Industrial Consumers

Reducing widespread

outages

Improving power quality

Smart Grid Asset Utilization

Barriers in Smart Grid Implementation

1. Policy and regulation

2. Business case

3. Technology maturity and delivery risk

4. Awareness / Customer Transformation 5. Access to affordable capital

6. Skills and knowledge

7. Cybersecurity and data privacy

Of the eight barriers outlined above, the first three pose the most significant hurdles, but, if addressed, will go along way towards creating an environment that will encourage investment in smart grids

8. Exponential data flood

Global Scenario, Investments, Stimulus, Market Players

“Updating the way we get our electricity by starting to build a new Smart Grid that will save money, protect our power sources from Blackout or attack, & deliver clean, alternative forms of Energy” - President Barak Obama (January 8, 2009)

Smart Grid Global investment

31

Global Scenario

32

Italy :By 2011, all 36 million customers on smart metering

Finland: Hourly metering and settlement by January 2014.

Spain: Endesa & Iberdrola to deploy 10 million smart meters

UK, Germany, Ireland, Finland, Denmark & Netherlands

also in the progress

Test Bed at Jeju

Island Completion in

May 2013.

6000 Household

$150 mn private

investment and $ 50

mn from public

funding

China will be investing in

the order of $100 billion in

10 Years

The American Reinvestment and

Recovery Act (ARRA) allocated

$4.5 billion to smart grid

spending projects. India:BESCOM $13.75

million pilot project

$74.0m, Smart City

demonstration project

in Newcastle & parts of

Sydney, running until 2013.

Singapore is investing

$27.5m to construct the

world’s largest experimental

energy smart grid at 1MW

capacity, where international

companies are welcome to

test-bed and implement new

energy technologies

Global Stimulus

Venture Capital Investment in Smart Grid

Year VC Funding in Smart Grid Firms

2005 $ 60 M

2006 $ 281 M

2007 $ 419 M

2008 $ 461 M

2009 Ytd $ 37.5 M+

Major Players

Sketch of the Future

2010 2015 2020

I

N

F

R

A

M

A

R

K

E

T

U

S

E

R

Demand Response

Energy Management

AMR DMS / OMS

Micro Grid pilot PHEV

pilot

Dynamic pricing

Self Healing grids

Load control With DR

Phasor Monitoring

Rooftop Solar Smart appliances

PHEV

FACTs

Smart meter AMI

Substation HT/LT Automation

Power Trading

Open access

HAN Graphical

Display

Cable diagnostics

PHEV rates

PHEV charging infra

Advanced protection

MDM

Smart Customer portal

Performance dashboard

Market participation of consumer

Smart Grid – The India Story

Union Minister of Power Shri Sushilkumar Shinde launched the India Smart Grid Forum, the first initiative of its kind in the power sector, in New Delhi, according to a statement released by the Power Ministry. Mr Shinde said that 'Smart' and 'Intelligent' are becoming the buzz words for Indian Power Sector because deployment and adoption of latest technologies will help it to leap forward into a new orbit – Published on www.constructionweekonline.in

Major Drivers that will drive Smart Grid Adoption in India

Major Drivers

Supply Shortfalls

Renewable Energy

Cost Savings

&

Improved Consumer

Satisfaction

Environment

Grid Improvements

Managing the “human element” in

system operations

Technology Leapfrogging

Peak Load Managemen

t

Loss Reduction

Challenges for Smart Grid Adoption in India

Funding Issues

Regulatory Issues

Where when and how to implement?

40

Study domain requirement

Identify Hot zones

Identify the project partners

Where

No mass roll Out only Pilot

Start / Test Redefine

Anticipate Uncertainty

When

Gain Experience Cost Benefit

analysis Review and Recalibrate

How

Build a specific 5 Yrs business plan with Smart Grid focus for 2010-15.

A Proposal to Implement Smart Grid for HT Consumers in Maharashtra

A Snapshot of Maharashtra

Snap Shot of Maharashtra

# Maharashtra Power System

Particulars

1 Area (in Sq.km) 307,690

2 Districts 35

3 Villages 40,615

4 Towns 457

5 Population (2001) 96,878,627

6 Installed Capacity (in MW) 21,654

7 Daily Demand met (in MU) 325-340

8 Discoms 5

9 Gencos 4

10 Trascos 3

11 SDLC 1

Snap Shot of Maharashtra

# Particulars

12 EHV S/S 504

13 HT S/S 2,000

14 EHV Lines (in km) 40,000

15 HT/LT Lines (in km) 720,000

16 Total Customers (in Millions) 21

17 Total HT Consumers 16092

18 Total Consumption of Electricity as of 2007-2008 (in Million KWh)

69,838

Some Important Figures

Electricity Demand, Availability & Shortfall Scenario

Year 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009 to Upto 11

May 2010

MW MW MW MW MW

Demand 14061 14825 15689 15656 15304

Availability 9856 10298 10412 10715 11179

Shortfall 4205 4527 5277 4941 4125

Installed Power Generation Capacity in Maharashtra State (in Mega Watts)

Particulars Hydro Thermal Gas Nuclear Non-Conventional Energy Total

MSPGCL 2837 6800 852 0 0 10039

TPCL 447 1400 180 0 0 2027

REL 0 500 0 0 0 500

IPP/CPP 201 908 2007 0 2114 5230

CS (MS) 384 2173 429 757 0 3435

TOTAL 3869 11781 3468 757 2114 21231

HT Consumers across category for Maharashtra

Category R-Infra TPC BEST MSED

CL TOTAL

Group Housing Society 18 0 5 0 23

HT Commercial 272 542 75 2587 3476

HT I Industry 176 158 52 9899 10285

Public Water Works 0 0 0 729 729

HT Railways 0 4 0 49 53

HT Agricultural 0 0 0 1074 1074

HT Bulk Supply (Residential & Commercial Complex)

0 0 0 451 451

Mula Pravara Electric Co-op Society (MPECS)

0 0 0 1 1

TOTAL 466 704 132 14790 16092

Proposed Benifits

Demand Side Management with AMI

Off-Grid Renewable Energy for Irrigation Pumping

Wastewater Treatment Plant Methane Capture

Distributed RE Generation in Remote Rural Villages

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